自然经济形塑的华夏民族气质与社会转型——近代中国落后于西方的原因探微

是什么原因导致了华夏民族在近代从传统自然经济阶段向现代商品经济阶段转变中的落后和失利,以至于几次濒临亡国灭种的边缘,这是自近代以来国内外学术界一直在争论的问题。文章认为,由于传统自然经济形态的主导和亚洲东部独特的地理环境的影响使形成中的华夏民族充满了特具典型自然经济形态特征的气质:既自大又卑怯,既勇进又保守,尤其历史的愈往后发展,愈使后者成为民族的主要特质。因而,正是华夏民族在传统自然经济阶段形成的独特民族气质,使她不能同时做到与时俱进和切合国情式发展,最终滞缓了近代中国的社会转型。

Knowledge Economy-The Sustainable Development Economy

Reviewing evolution of natural resources utilization mode in different economic formation, the paper elaborates the meanings of knowledge economy, and points our that the cause of unsustainabte development is the acute contradiction between the taw of ecosystem and the law of economy. It also points out that the essence of sustainable development is the harmonious relation between economy and the ecosystem. Therefore. the resources allocation should be considered from the aspect of the market demand and the aspect of the supply of t he ecosystem. That is to say, firsthy, the scale and pace of economy growth must be adapted to the supply capability of the ecosystem under the current technology, Secondly, based on the supply ability of the ecosystem, we should make it clear how to make limited resources allocation attains equilibrium between market supply and demand. The paper clarifies that in the mode of knowledge economy; we may transform the way of economy growth, form optimum economy structure, change the base of resource supply, strengthen the supply capability of ecosystem expand the production-possibility frontier, and finally accomplish the eco-economy coordinated development through the innovation of institution and technology. The essence of sustainable development and the sustainable characteristics of knowledge economy that were discussed above determine that knowledge economy is an economy of sustainable development.

基层治理向高效优质办事转变

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》强调“高效办成一件事”。这是基层治理的走向,也是对基层治理的要求。基层治理是在一定经济基础上形成的。在传统的自然经济形态下,人们的生产生活处于自给自足状态,民众开门七件事“柴米油盐酱醋茶”及相应的生产活动,主要以一家一户为单位办理。