资源与自然经济资源价值构成探讨

种种资源利用问题根源于资源价格问题,理论上尚未解决的资源价格形成和构成问题是资源价格体系存在问题的主要原因。在坚持马克思劳动价值论基础上,通过对资源内涵和外延的明确,提出资源经济学研究对象应该是自然经济资源。在此基础上,研究自然经济资源价格形成过程,即发现、占有、开采、维护和保障劳动的价值创造过程,进而指出,自然经济资源价格形成是由其再生产所需要的社会必要劳动时间决定的,而这一社会必要劳动时间又由劣等条件下的个别劳动耗费决定。以劳动价值论为基础的资源价格理论同地租理论并无根本性冲突却更容易解释经济现象,具有一定的理论意义。

从中国入世看山西经济发展的优势

根据山西省的地理位置和经济状况,指出在参与世界经济全球化和贸易自由化的竞争中,山西省应遵循WTO规则,认清目前经济发展的形势、要求和目标,充分发挥在自然经济资源、工业基础、文化旅游资源、人才资源等方面的优势,发展并繁荣山西经济。

手扶销售的困惑与重新认识市场

在农村经济的开发中,手扶拖拉机曾经作为农业生产和经济建设中的一种不可替代的理想机械,在历史特定的经济条件下,以其经济性、适用性、灵活性和一机多用等优越性赢得了农机市场的半壁江山。但是,随着农村经济的日益发达。

Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

Natural Resource Conditions and Economic Development in the Uttaranchal Himalaya,India

Uttaranchal is bestowed with numerous rivers, huge forest resources ranging from tropical to temperate, tourists＇ places, pilgrimages and feasible climatic conditions for growing fruits, vegetables, food grains, livestock rearing, tea garden practices, etc. The economic development, on the other hand, could not take place partly due to lack of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system and also unwillingness of the people towards using it. Furthermore, due to its harsh climatic conditions, rigorous terrain and distinct identity, as a part of Uttar Pradesh state, the development could not take place and today the state is believed to be one of the poorer states. Infrastructurally, this region is lagged behind due to its inaccessibility. The ideal geographical and agrarian conditions might be used evenly for the developmental processes. Ecologically, the whole region is socio-economic activities, fragile. The diverse harsh traditional beliefs and hard working potentials further change the entire scenario of the state. Only the need of the hours is to frame and implementation of the rational policies and planning for sustainable development of the state. What had appeared during the past, pertaining to the economic development, needs radical changes in policies, planning and beliefs. This paper aims to evaluate the present conditions of resources as a form of natural vegetation, agricultural crops, horticultural farming, herbs, tea garden practices, livestock rearing, hydropower projects and economic development of the Uttaranchal Himalaya.

Identification and analysis of underdeveloped resource-rich regions in China

This paper analyzes the existence of developmental views and compares the results of previous studies for underdeveloped regions. In view of the limitations of previous studies, this study details regional unit, expands index system, applies factor-analysis to structure index system, uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to improve analytic hierarchy process, and identifies the economic developmental levels of 384 regions, including 4 municipalities, 333 cities at prefecture level, and 47 counties under the jurisdiction of province. The levels of the 47 counties are identified by dividing the rank of comprehensive values of more than 337 regions unit into five equal graduations and then matching the 47 counties with the five-graduation results. This study provides the distribution of resources-rich region in China qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of coal, oil gas and other 14 kinds of metal mineral resources. Finally, by matching the two parts of results, this study identifies the distribution of underdeveloped resource-rich regions (URRRs). URRRs are mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, He’nan, Shandong, Guangxi and Gansu provinces, which accounts for 78.57% of the total in China. To a certain degree, the result of this paper proves that “resources curse” existing in the national stratification plane in later 20th century still takes places in some cities in China, especially in the counties of these cities’ jurisdiction.

A Study of Resource Curse Effect of Chinese Provinces Based on Human Developing Index

Traditional opinion considers that natural resources play an important positive role in economic development, while resource curse theory holds that natural resources usually obstruct economic increase. This debate needs further exploration. In most of empirical studies on resource curse theory, the economic development of an area is mainly evaluated by the Gross Domestic Product(GDP), however, the social and cultural contents of economic development are seldom considered. Thus, the Human Developing Index(HDI) was chosen to describe the comprehensive developing situation of an area in our study. Based on the panel data from the year of 2000 to 2011, the relationship between Human Developing Index and resource exploitation degree(RED) of 30 provinces in China(Tibet, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao were not included because of the restriction of data acquisition) was investigated by correlation coefficient analysis and regression analysis. We found that resource curse did exist over the entire country and its effect on 30 provinces were not exactly the same. According to the effects of resource curse, these provinces could be classified into four types: no resource curse provinces, slight resource curse provinces, severe resource curse provinces, and extreme resource curse provinces. Testing from two short time periods 2000–2005, and 2006–2011, the resource curse effect was not prominent. However, testing from the entire period of 2000–2011, the effect was obvious among each province.

Natural Resources in Economies＇ Status Transition from ＇Periphery＇ to ＇Center ＇

This paper divides the history of global trade since 1000AD into three periods using Rahl Prebisch＇s center-periphery pattern and summarizes the effects of resource trade on periphery economies during each period. However, this paper argues that the resource curse paradox does not justify isolation between developing and developed countries. On the contrary, developing countries should be encouraged to integrate into the existing center-periphery pattern and achieve economic growth through resource trade. This paper supplements the existing literature＇s analysis of resource endowment＇s role in global trade and offers recommendations for resource-rich developing countries to avoid the resource curse, identify a viable path to development, and achieve sustainable development by harnessing natural resources more productively.

Migration Effects to the Marine Ecosystem of Barangay Concepcion

Concepcion is one of the small island barangay in the municipality of Agutaya. It has a total landmass of 132.297 hectares. It is located within Quinluban group of islands. This place has the variety of natural resources like seaweeds, turtles, fish and other seafood. The prominent product in this island is ＂agar-agar＂ also known as Tambalang （local name） and other marine resources. This study determined the effects of migration to the marine ecosystem of the place. Survey method and interview schedule were used during the data gathering. Results show that most migrants came to plant seaweeds or agar-agar. Poverty motivated them to migrate in the area. The abundance of marine resources also is one of the factors for migration for these people. They experienced poverty and economic crisis in their previous place which motivated them to explore and migrate to support their basic needs.

Knowledge Economy-The Sustainable Development Economy

Reviewing evolution of natural resources utilization mode in different economic formation, the paper elaborates the meanings of knowledge economy, and points our that the cause of unsustainabte development is the acute contradiction between the taw of ecosystem and the law of economy. It also points out that the essence of sustainable development is the harmonious relation between economy and the ecosystem. Therefore. the resources allocation should be considered from the aspect of the market demand and the aspect of the supply of t he ecosystem. That is to say, firsthy, the scale and pace of economy growth must be adapted to the supply capability of the ecosystem under the current technology, Secondly, based on the supply ability of the ecosystem, we should make it clear how to make limited resources allocation attains equilibrium between market supply and demand. The paper clarifies that in the mode of knowledge economy; we may transform the way of economy growth, form optimum economy structure, change the base of resource supply, strengthen the supply capability of ecosystem expand the production-possibility frontier, and finally accomplish the eco-economy coordinated development through the innovation of institution and technology. The essence of sustainable development and the sustainable characteristics of knowledge economy that were discussed above determine that knowledge economy is an economy of sustainable development.

Rural Urban Sustainability in Malinalco, Mexico

Design of a rural-urban sustainable consists six small businesses that use appropriate technologies, human work and natural resources of the region. The six sustainable technological-economic activities will be localized in a single field, so, there is interaction between all activities and workers. The site also have to educate the surrounding communities to environmental issues. It is also a demonstration of how to improve the economic development of a region without damaging the environment. The proposal is to create a cooperative society with interested persons of the area and working groups for the six proposed technical and economic activities.

Path toward Environment-Friendly Industrialization： A Survey on the Practice of Xixia County

Whether industrialization and environmental protection can coexist has always been controversial theoretical question. On this topic, the protected watershed area of Xixia County provides an interesting case study. 91% of Xixia County＇s 3,15 7 square kilometers, which belongs to Nanyang City of Henan Province and is located in the protected water source area of the country＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is designated water source protection zones. Driven by the need to protect these resources, Xixia County has made remarkable achievements in the field of environmental protection. Simultaneously, the county s economy has also made significant progress. In addition to its favorable geography and natural resources, Xixia County derives its successful environmental protection practices from the following factors： first, a series of environmental protection policies issued by the central government; second, Xixia County＇s emphasis on environmental protection; and third, local businesses＇ efforts to protect the environment. Xixia＇s experience has demonstrated that environmental protection can be successfully balanced with economic development when local industrial development generates resources that contribute to favorable environmental programs.

Study on the Accounting Model of Ecological Environment

This paper explains environmental problems from the point of ecunomy. Referring to the “System of Integrated Environmental and Economicat Accounting”（SEEA） promulgated by United Nations in 1993. the authors have setup a model of environmental and economic accounting after the discussion and modification of the concepts of prodoction, assets, and environmental costs. Taking ecological environment of Chongqing as an example, the envirunmental and economic analyses is done. The nesults of the model reflect .sustainabitity of ecologieal environment and environmental costs directly or indirectly in macro-economy.

China＇s Development Aid Strategies

The article studies China＇s development assistance policy during the last decades. It shows the evolution of Chinese approach to providing foreign aid. The analysis is based on White Papers on China＇s Foreign Aid from 2011 and 2014, theoretical studies, and reports on China＇s foreign aid. From the beginning of the 21st century, China has become one of the most important emerging donors. Chinese aid is primarily provided to Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. Depending on the region, the assistance is directed to large-scale infrastructure projects, energy facilities, or natural resource development activities. The aid is combined with investments and trade arrangements. Generally, China＇s aid programme is driven by economic, diplomatic, and strategic objectives. The rules according to which Chinese assistance is provided to developing countries differ significantly from the rules established by Development Assistance Committee （DAC） members. Aid-receiving countries do not have to fulfil strict development assistance regimes and adopt specific economic policies and targets.

Research on the development of the natural tourism resources in the countryside based on the perspective of the ecological aesthetics

The cartier that the natural tourism projects rely on should be the objective natural environments, including the mountains, water, animals and plants and so on, which are the object present before the development of the project. Therefore, what the natural tourism projects should first be ＂the economic value of the natural resources＂. However, after the man-made planning and being given the humanity, they have the ＂economic value of the human resources＂. In the construction of the future path of the development, we should also have the dynamic study on the subjective preferences of the Chinese consumers. The change of these subjective preferences directly results from the change of the levels of their own income.

Review of Issues Related to Tourism Policies regarding Environmental Management and Customary Practices of Tourism in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

The purpose of this study is to highlight the issues and problems of tourism planning, policy formulation and implementation in Gilgit-Baltistan-mountainous region of Pakistan-a place which is abound with worth seeing natural scenes and also hub of world＇s highest mountain ranges. Tourism in many countries plays an important role in improving not only economic conditions but it also has been used as a tool to preserve environment. Tourism policy is part of national development policy in many countries, but in Pakistan this sector has been ignored in terms of proper policy formulation and also it was not considered as a potential sector for economic betterment. Although Pakistan, particularly Gilgit-Baltistan is replete with tourism resources, haplessly policy makers never focused on this sector in capitalizing these tourism resources. It also covers the traditional practices of 4 As （Access, Attractions, Accommodation and Acceptance） in Gilgit-Baltistan. In Pakistan, there have been different laws and regulations formulated with the passage of time but they have not been implemented properly. In Pakistan, tourism policy was first prepared in 1983 but it was not enforced appropriately. According to ranking of WEF T＆T （World Economic Forum Travel and Tourism） competitiveness index, Pakistan is ranked below average in policy formulation and implementation.

我国对外经济发展战略的三种思路

第二次世界大战以后,发展中国家实行的对外经济发展战略,基本上有三种模式:一是初级产品出口战略;二是进口替代战略;三是出口导向战略。初级产品出口战略是一种完全立足于自然经济资源的发展战略,战后初期为一些发展中国家所实行。但是,由于除石油外,其他初级产品的出口都不足以导致一个国家走上经济发展的道路,所以,这种战略的有效性已被人们普遍否认。

对与“土地”相关经济事项会计处理的辨析

"土地"是一项自然经济资源。企业所拥有的经过政府有关部门批准通过支付一定的补偿和相关费用所取得的土地、属于"国家所有"。为了更好地加强土地管理,合理开发,利用、经营土地,促进经济发展,国家制订和发布许多法规和制度。由于企业性质和经营形式的不同,有些经济事项在会计处理上不尽相同,有必要按照法规的规定分析整理,期以正确地进行会计核算。一、企业征用"土地" 企业征用"土地"所支付各种形式的补偿费用和其他相关税金及费用: 1.企业因征用"土地"所支付的各种形式的补偿费用和相关税金及费用,包括土地征用费用、拆迁补偿费、青苗赔偿费、劳动力安置费及有关地上。

肖斌的话

肖斌的话感谢各位读者朋友的信任，近来我收到的信愈来愈多，使我又喜又忧：喜是因为大家对我的信任，说明我的工作得到了朋友们的认可，但不必大客气和有过多的赞美之词，只希望大家来信字迹工整、清楚（有条件可用打印稿），使我的工作效率提高一些，不致因辨认困难，影...