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覆被对桔园旱季土壤水分变化和利用的影响 被引量:16
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作者 胡实 谢小立 王凯荣 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第2期976-983,共8页
稻草覆盖和自然覆被是解决红壤丘陵区季节性干旱的有效措施。2005~2006年在桃源农业生态试验站进行了稻草覆盖和自然覆被对桔园降雨入渗、土壤蒸发、土壤水分调控和利用结构影响的研究,结果表明:稻草覆盖和自然覆被更有利于雨水的储存... 稻草覆盖和自然覆被是解决红壤丘陵区季节性干旱的有效措施。2005~2006年在桃源农业生态试验站进行了稻草覆盖和自然覆被对桔园降雨入渗、土壤蒸发、土壤水分调控和利用结构影响的研究,结果表明:稻草覆盖和自然覆被更有利于雨水的储存和向深层入渗,雨后48h分别比裸地土壤储水增量多3.33mm和1.33mm,降雨入渗深度分别为40cm和80cm。此外,稻草覆盖和自然覆被分别抑制了69.10%和36.53%的土壤蒸发,其蒸发抑制作用在午间高温时段表现尤为明显,使得更多的水分以植物蒸腾(稻草覆盖15.71%、自然覆被7.30%)和土壤蓄留的方式支出,并且分别降低了20.55mm(稻草覆盖)和14.33mm(自然覆被)的水分支出。覆被下土壤水分结构发生明显改变,0~20cm土层受外界条件影响较大,土壤水分变异系数较大,自然覆被由于覆盖的植被消耗表层水分,水分亏缺较大,平均含水量为稻草覆盖>裸地>自然覆被;20~80cm土壤水分变异减小,平均含水量稻草覆盖>自然覆被>裸地;120~160cm深土层中,自然覆被下土壤水分得不到补给,变异系数增大,稻草覆盖和裸地水分变化稳定,平均含水量稻草覆盖>裸地>自然覆被。 展开更多
关键词 稻草覆盖 自然覆被 土壤含水量 土壤蒸发 水量平衡
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The Relationship between Meteorological Variables and Clearness Index for Four Urban/Suburban Areas of Brazilian Cities
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作者 Francisco Jose Duarte Gomes Luciana Sanches +3 位作者 Marcelo de Carvalho Alves Marta Cristina de Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira Jose de Souza Nogueira 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2012年第7期890-900,共11页
This study aimed to examine the relationship between meteorological variables and the clearness index for three sites in Cuiaba city and one site in Chapada dos Guimaraes city, Brazil during 2007. It described the mic... This study aimed to examine the relationship between meteorological variables and the clearness index for three sites in Cuiaba city and one site in Chapada dos Guimaraes city, Brazil during 2007. It described the microclimate of each site on the basis of constructive elements and their surroundings, considering sky coverage using a daily clearness index. The results were that micrometeorological values were influenced by the natural elements and construction within the surrounding site, with higher air temperatures in more urbanized areas and sites with high diffuse radiation. When determining the sky coverage, on average, the days were partly cloudy or cloudy due to two reasons: (a) during the wet season, rainfall created cloudy conditions and (b) during the dry season, increases of particulates in the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic emissions of gases and aerosols in this region of the state resulted in sky conditions classified as partly cloudy and cloudy. Future research should aim to better quantify the measurements taken inside an urban area, considering the topography and vegetation cover. This will improve the models that support urban planning, therefore favoring the thermal comfort of areas already occupied or to be urbanized. 展开更多
关键词 Tropical climate urban climate cover sky microclimate.
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