浅谈车辆自燃的起因和应对方法

文章分析了汽车自燃的主要原因,介绍了防止汽车自燃的方法以及汽车火灾时的救援措施,重点强调了汽车的日常保养、灭火器的使用及自燃险的相关知识。

车险条款中“自燃”定义不明确引起的赔偿

一台丹东黄海牌大客车，在运行途中发生火灾，保险人认为该车出险属于自燃范畴，因没有投保“自燃险”，不属保险责任，应拒赔；投保人认为火灾是汽车发动机产生超常高温，引燃发动机周围的油渍、油污，不属免责范围，应该赔；专家说消防认定书违背了科学规律。因保险条款中的“自燃”一词使用不严谨，使保险双方当事人理解不一，观点不同，对簿公堂。通过这件诉讼案，保险公司确有许多工作不仔细的地方需要引起注意，同时对车险条款规定和解释不够严谨、科学，也应进行必要的修改和完善。

Development of a spontaneous combustion TARPs system based on BP neural network

Spontaneous combustion of coal is a major cause of coal mine fires.It not only poses a severe hazard to the safe extraction of coal resources,but also jeopardizes the safety of mine workers.The development of a scientific management system of coal spontaneous combustion is of vital importance to the safe production of coal mine.This paper provides a comparative analysis of a range of worldwide prediction techniques and methods for coal spontaneous combustion,and systematically introduces the trigger action response plans(TARPs)system used in Australian coal mines for managing the spontaneous heating of coal.An artificial neural network model has been established on the basis of real coal mine operational conditions.Through studying and training the neural network model,prediction errors can be controlled within the allowable range.The trained model is then applied to the conditions of Nos.1 and 3 coal seams located in Weijiadi Coal Mine to demonstrate its feasibility for spontaneous combustion assessment.Based upon the TARPs system which is commonly used in Australian longwall mines,a TARPs system has been developed for Weijiadi Coal Mine to assist the management of spontaneous combustion hazard and ensure the safe operation of its mining activities.

Analysis of explosion risk factor potential on coal reclaim tunnel facilities by modified analytical hierarchy process

This study focused on developing a risk assessment method for explosion at a coal reclaim tunnel （CRT） facility. The method was developed based on an analytical hierarchy process （AHP）, which is an expert system that quantifies the factors of explosion incidents, based on events and hierarchies. In this paper, the proposed model was modification from original AHP model, specifically modifying the structure from ＂alternative＇s results＂ to ＂total risk-rating＇s results＂. The total risk-rating is obtained by summing up risk-rating of each factor, where the risk-rating is a multiplication product of the risk value by the AHP weighted value. To support decision-making using the expert system, data on the real conditions of the CRT were collected and analyzed. A physical modeling of the CRT with laboratory-scale experiments was carried out to show the impact of a ventilation system in CRT on diluting the methane gas and coal dust, in order to support the quantification of AHP risk value. The criteria to evaluate the risk of explosion was constructed from six components that are： fuel, oxygen, ignition, confinement, dispersion, and monitoring system. Those components had fifty-two factors that serve as sub-components （root causes）. The main causes of explosion in CRT were found to be： mechanical ventilation failure and abnormal ventilation, breakdown of monitoring system, and coal spontaneous-combustion. Assessments of two CRT facilities at Mine A and Mine B were carried out as a case study in order to check the reliability of the developed AHP method. The results showed that the risk rating of Mine A was classified as high and Mine B was classified as medium, which is in a good agreement with the site conditions.

Analysis of the danger zone liable to spontaneous ignition around coal roadway at fully mechanized long-wall top-coal caving face

The intensity of heat output of coal, the rate of oxygen consumption and the influence function of coal size are tested by the big coal spontaneous combustion experiment unit. The independence of the coefficient of heat convection is studied. And based on the conservation principle of energy and the real conditions, such as coal temperature,air temperature, the geometry size of roadway, air flux, the oxygen concentration in the loose coal around the roadway, the threshold parameters resulting coal spontaneous combustion are put forward, and the index determining the danger zone liable to self ignite are evaluated. Finally, the method determining the danger zone liable to spontaneous ignition around coal roadway at fully mechanized long wall top coal caving face is put forward. Based on the determination method and real conditions in the roadway, the coal around roadway can be divided four zones.

Numerical comparison of coal spontaneous combustion danger influenced by different methane drainage patterns in gob area

The influence of gas drainage on float coal spontaneous combustion in the work face with ＂U＂ style ventilation was studied. Numerical simulation was used to compare the mutative law of steady flow and density field in the gob area under different drainage conditions by solving the equation set, including mass, momentum, and component transition. Consequently, the sequence of drainage effect and safety was obtained. The result manifests that the more effective the drainage pattern is, the easier float coal spontaneous combustion is caused due to air being guided into the depth of the gob area when the drainage position is arranged in the gas accumulation area. If the widened scope of oxidation zone exceeds the upper limit of the work face advancing speed, nitrogen injection should be applied to decrease the probability of spontaneous combustion. Then, the pipe laying drainage in the upper angle is most economical and safe compared with other drainage patterns when only the situation of gas accumulation is controlled in the upper angle. Finally, drainage pressure must not be too great. Otherwise the drainage density will decrease even if hazard is caused by back flow possibly happening in the return outlet when the drainage position is arranged near the work face.