荧光分析能识别自生式油藏中的可动油

萤光定量检测技术是目前国外使用的先进手段之一,其应用范围也在不断扩大。该文通过几个实例,论述了一种改进的萤光检测技术——紫外线同步扫描萤光检测技术在识别自生式油藏中的可动油方面的重要作用,并对该项技术在其它方面的应用也作了简要介绍。

塔中地区顺9井区柯坪塔格组黏土膜成因及其油气地质意义

为寻觅致密砂岩储层中发育的优质储层提供理论依据,分析铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜资料、结合压汞及物性资料.结果表明:塔里木盆地塔中顺9井区志留系柯坪塔格组沥青砂岩中发育的黏土矿物薄膜形成于成岩早期(同生成岩期),以自生式为主,含少量原生式黏土膜;黏土膜的发育与分布受到沉积作用、成岩环境及成岩温压系统的共同控制,早成岩期(同生期)发育的黏土膜在中—低压实强度下对储层的孔隙保护具有一定的建设性作用,因其占据一定的孔喉空间,又降低储层的渗透率,随着埋深增大,黏土膜矿物成分也逐渐向伊利石转化并分布在孔隙中,伊利石赋存状态也由蜂窝状变为毛发状、丝网状及搭桥状,分割甚至堵塞孔隙,使得储层砂体渗透率大幅度降低;沉积环境中的沉积微相对黏土膜发育与分布的控制体现在中—下临滨微相中黏土膜较为常见,而在上临滨—前临滨微相中,因水体的淘洗降低储层砂体中的泥质含量,黏土膜不发育,储层砂体中的黏土膜含量制约储层质量,发育黏土膜的井段储层孔隙度大于不发育黏土膜的井段,黏土膜含量在0.5%～5.0%井段的储层孔隙度要好于黏土膜含量超过5.0%井段的.

Flow Cytometric Evidence for Hydroxyl Radical-induced Apoptosis in Tobacco Protoplasts

Protoplasts prepared from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cultivar BY-2) suspension cells have similar morphological characteristics to those in animal cells. The hallmarks of apoptosis such as condensation and peripheral distribution of nuclei, TUNEL positive reaction, and DNA ladders were observed when tobacco protoplasts were treated with the hydroxyl radical generating system (1.0 mmol/L FeSO4/0.5 mmol/L H2O2). In animals, the loss of transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and the exposure of phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) are believed to be the main apoptosis events. To test whether these significant processes take place in plants, flow cytometry was used to detect annexin V binding and changes in DeltaPsi(m). Results showed that the PS turned out from inner membrane and DeltaPsi(m) gradually decreased during the apoptosis. All these apoptotic characteristics proved that hydroxyl radicals can cause typical programmed cell death (PCD) in tobacco protoplasts and this design can be served as an effective experiment system to explore the mechanism of plant apoptosis.

Design of a novel modular self-reconfigurable robot capable of self-turning

To solve the problem of inaccurate angle adjustment in the self-assembly process, a new homogenous hybrid modular self-reconfigurable robot-Xmobot is designed. Each module has four rotary joints and a self-turning mechanism. With the proposed self-turning mechanism, the angle adjusting accuracy of the module is increased to 2°, and the relative position adjusting efficiency of the module in the self-assembly process is also improved. The measured maximum moving distance of the proposed module in a gait cycle is 11.0 cm. Aiming at the multiple degree of freedom （MDOF） feature of the proposed module, a motion controller based on the central pattern generator （CPG） is proposed. The control of five joints of the module only requires two CPG oscillators. The CPG-based motion controller has three basic output modes, i. e. the oscillation, the rotation, and the fixed modes. The serpentine and the wheeled movements of the H-shaped robot are simulated, respectively. The results show that the average velocities of the two movements are 15. 2 and 20. 1 m/min, respectively. The proposed CPG-based motion controller is evaluated to be effective.

Landscape Ecology:Coupling of Pattern,Process,and Scale

Landscape ecology provides new theoretical frameworks and methodologies for understanding complex ecological phenomena at multiple scales.Studies of landscape ecology focus on understanding the dynamics of eco-logical patterns and processes,and highlight the integration of multiple disciplines.In this paper,we discussed the problems and challenges that landscape ecology is currently facing,emphasizing the limitations of current methods used to describe dynamic landscape patterns and processes.We suggested that the focus should be on the integration of ground-based observation,mobile monitoring,transect survey,and remote-sensing monitoring,as well as improved coupling of experimental and model simulations.In addition,we outlined the research frontiers in landscape ecology,including scaling,integrated pattern and process modeling,and regional synthesis.Lastly,a brief review of pat-tern-process-scale coupling studies in China was provided.We concluded by pointing out that pattern-process-scale interactions,correlations between natural,economic,and social processes,and the coupling of human and natural systems will be major research areas in landscape ecology in the future.

Resource Flows of Villages with Contrasting Lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Central Himalaya, India

Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran^humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area.

Gait recognition based on Wasserstein generating adversarial image inpainting network

Aiming at the problem of small area human occlusion in gait recognition,a method based on generating adversarial image inpainting network was proposed which can generate a context consistent image for gait occlusion area.In order to reduce the effect of noise on feature extraction,the stacked automatic encoder with robustness was used.In order to improve the ability of gait classification,the sparse coding was used to express and classify the gait features.Experiments results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods on the public databases CASIA-B and TUM-GAID for gait recognition.

Non-invasive glucose measuring apparatus based on conservation of energy method

A new non-invasive blood glucose measuring apparatus (NBGMA) made up of MSP430F149 SCM (single chip micyoco) was developed,which can measure blood glucose level (BGL) frequently,conveniently and painlessly. The hardware and software of this apparatus were designed,and detecting algorithms based on conservation of energy method (COEM) were presented. According to the law of conservation of energy that the energy derived by human body equals energy consumed by metabolism,and the relationship between convection,evaporation,radiation and the BGL was established. The sensor module was designed. 20 healthy volunteers were involved in the clinical experiment. The BGL measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer (ABA) was set as the reference. Regression analysis was performed to compare the conservation of energy method with the biochemical method,using the 20 data points with blood glucose concentrations ranging from 680 to 1 100 mg/L. Reproducibility was measured for healthy fasting volunteers. The results show that the means of BGL detected by NBGMA and ANA are very close to each other,and the difference of standard deviation (SD) is 24.7 mg/L. The correlative coefficient is 0.807. The coefficient of variation (CV) is 4% at 921.6 mg/L. The resultant regression is evaluated by the Clarke error grid analysis (EGA) and all data points are included in the clinically acceptable regions (region A:100%,region B:0%). Accordingly,it is feasible to measure BGL with COEM.

Structural model of factors relating to the health promotion behavior of reproductive health among Indonesian adolescents

Objectives:We aim to explore the factors related to the health promotion behavior of reproductive health(RH)among Indonesian adolescents via structural equation modeling.Methods:A cross-sectional quantitative study was used to measure 108 adolescents aged 12-16 years.We employed a self-administered questionnaire developed from the health promotion model(HPM)and the empowerment model(EM)on the basis of self-efficacy to determine the factors related to health promotion in maintaining RH behavior.Structural equation modeling(SEM)was used to examine re-lationships among the variables.The Analysis of Moment Structures(AMOS)approach was used to evaluate if the proposed model is suitable for the data based on goodness-of-fit indices.Results:The model is appropriate for the data.Three interrelationships emerge among independent variables(P>0.05),namely,personal and cognitive behaviors(r=-0.01),cognitive and health pro-motion behaviors(r=0.09),and affective and health promotion behaviors(r=-0.17).The strongest relationship is between empowerment and health promotion behavior(r=0.72).Affection(interper-sonal and situational influences),immediate competing demands and preferences,and empowerment(participation and control)are directly related to RH behavior maintenance.Meanwhile,willingness of adolescents,prior related behavior,personal factor,and commitment to a plan of action are indirectly related to RH behavior maintenance.The model explains 43.9%of the variance in maintaining RH behavior.Conclusions:The HPM and EM models help determine the factors related to RH behavior maintenance among adolescents.Intervention to promote RH among Indonesian adolescents should begin from the level of child-parent-health care professional encounter for empowering the RH of adolescents.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Which Ontology behind Narrative Ethics

This paper addresses the relationship between ontology and ethics, as outlined in Charles Taylor＇s essay ＂Ethics and Ontology,＂ problematizing it from a narrative ethics viewpoint. It attempts to overcome the ＂binary＂ dichotomy presented in Taylor＇s essay, insisting instead in favour of an approach that distances itself from both reductionist naturalism and ancient and medieval ontological models. The move towards narrative ethics is positioned in relation to an implicit ontology. Taylor recognizes that man＇s way of life ＂consists of ways of sense making;＂ this human trait thus being an ontological presupposition, or precomprehension. Here, I suggest that this pre-narrative quality is in fact an ex ante projection of the work of meaning-making, arising ex post and, crucially, not universally attainable. If it were, it would be an unwarranted ontologization of features of human moral experience. Organizing the relationship between ontology and ethics within the perspective of narrative ethics does not mean doing away with the ontological dimension. Indeed, as this paper seeks to demonstrate, the ontological background of narrative ethics may be traced from a phenomenology of fragility, exposure, and interdependence. The definition of man as a self-interpreting animal should therefore be delineated in the sense of an endeavour; in this way, the individual can build up his own mediated relation with meaning, and, as a result, the practice of self-narrative becomes available to all.

The ＂Production＂ of Accounting Information Between Regulatory and Free Market Approach： An （Eternally） Open Issue

Accounting information has gained utmost importance over the years, and it now plays a vital role in our society. Indeed, the trends of a global economy, especially one relying on a capital market-based financial system, are greatly influenced by reliable accounting information. However, it is sometimes difficult to assess the ＂reliability＂ of such information, given the clear differences in the needs and goals of its different users. In this respect, the possible ways to guarantee the appropriateness of the accounting information provided to users doubtlessly deserve a careful investigation. The second half of the 1970s can be considered as the starting point of a debate, within the Anglo-Saxon accounting literature, concerning the most effective methods to provide users with accounting data effectively meeting their very specific needs. In this context, two antithetical schools of thought developed： （1） free market approach; and （2） regulatory approach. Although it is possible to state that accounting regulation has now become a concrete reality both inside and outside the Anglo-Saxon accounting context, after more than halfa century, its efficacy is still an open issue.

Biodegradation Kinetics for Pre-treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae Waste with Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion

Biodegradation parameters and kinetic characteristics for pre-treating waste strains of Klebsiella pneu-moniae were studied in laboratory scale with an insulated reactor by an innovative technique,autothermal thermo-philic aerobic digestion(ATAD) . Based on an Arrhenius-type equation,an empirical model was developed to corre-late the removal of total suspended solid(TSS) with the initial TSS concentration,influent reaction temperature,aeration rate and stirring rate. The reaction temperatures of the ATAD system could be raised from the ambient temperatures of 25 °C to a maximum temperature of 65 °C. The exponentials for the initial TSS concentration,aeration rate and stirring rate were 1.579,-0.8175 and-0.6549,respectively,and the apparent activation energy was 6.8774 kJ·mol-1. The correlation coefficient for the pre-exponential factor was 0.9223. The TSS removal effi-ciency predicted by the model was validated with an actual test,showing a maximum relative deviation of 10.79%. The new model has a good practicability.

Eco-mindfulness in Buddhism

Many of those involved in the ecological movement have found inspiration and parallels within the Buddhist tradition. The Buddhist philosophy of karmic causality and dependent origination （pratitya-samutpada） convey the notion of interdependence of humans and nature. Today, especially in the United States, there are many movements, such as the Buddhist Peace Fellowship, to promote eco-living and sustainable communities, which call for humans to be mindful of the environment and make conscientious choices for the benefit of all sentient beings and non-sentient entities. Just as humans have been the cause of the gradual deterioration of Nature, we can also be the solution towards an coo-conscious living, which not only fosters a healthy environment, but also enables us to build good merit. The core Buddhist teaching, which must be embraced by all eco-minded practitioners is the notion of interdependence, which has been expounded by notable Japanese Buddhist figures in the eighth century, such as Kukai （774-835） of the Shingon School and Dogen （1200-1253） of the Soto Zen sect, who both viewed that non-living life forms--trees, plants, and the earth--could also achieve enlightenment. Their view is based on the ontological notions of Buddha-nature （tathagata-garbha） and Indra＇s Jewel Net, which is a powerful image found in Huayen＇s （Jpn. Kegon） Avatamsaka Sutra. This paper examines Buddhist teachings and sutras, which support eco-friendly and sustainable movements in our society and world today.

Empathic Design： A Study of Media Information Concept Design and The Virtual Home

This research tried to propose possible ways to resolve the paper over-consumption issues. The nature resources have been over used all the time. How we used the technologies to solve environmental problems has become an essential issue. How we could develop a prosperous vision for the future is even critical to solving design problems. The research methods used are literature reviews and conception design with empathy. This paper also tried to discuss various issues from different aspects. Nowadays, we have been influenced by technologies in our daily life. Even our cultures, life styles, and behavior, etc. are deeply changed. However, there are few ways we need to think what will happen in the future and how we could imagine possible ways to solve all of these problems. This research has proposed The Virtual Home （T.V.H.）, which is a way to change the mass media dissemination and information control. The T.V.H. designed with some functions is trying to centralize all kind of mass media and help save natural resources.

Sustainable Intervention Plans for Igbo Cultural Region of Nigeria

The Igbos are one of the major tribes of Nigeria. Over the years, their distinct way of living have further accentuated their culture. The paper discusses the Igbo cultural landscape region which comprises of rural autonomous communities made up of clusters of kindred and villages. In spite of the existence of the townships serving as trade, political and administrative centers for more than one century, the rate of urbanization has been very slow thereby affecting the development of the communities physically, economically and socially at astonishing rates consuming farmlands and traditional community boundaries. This paper is aimed at creating awareness on the unique regional growth pattern in Igbo land heavily dependent on cultural and natural heritages for purpose of determining adaptable regional planning strategies for such vibrant cultural region. It has examined the key issues and suggested a way forward to a more sustainable development of the region.

On the Network and the Principles of Freedom of Information

With the rapid development of network technology, the human production mode, life style, and thinking mode have had the great change, meanwhile human values and morality are new changes. Network technology has created a brand of new social form and social network, which is an extension of the real social life. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concept of a freedom of information analyzed by the principle of free network information. In this paper, theoretical and empirical combination is based on using multidisciplinary theory study from the perspective of moral cognition of this analysis. The problems of the network ethics which try to find out the method to solve the problem, standardize and strengthen the construction of the new good network ethics, purify network environment, and improve people＇s spiritual world and moral accomplishment, have important theoretical and empirical significance.

Brand Marketing in an era of big data

In the digital age, people＇ s lifestyles and ways of thinking are in a series of changes, this change also makes it a big shift in consumer attitudes. It gives consumers a broader perspective, while also improving the self-consciousness of consumers. These effects will no longer fully believe in traditional consumer marketing ＂bombing＂ the dissemination and indoctrination, they are more inclined to be questioned brands and products, and they can express their views on the basis that affects other people. In this era of environment, if businesses and vendors for their view is indifferent attitude, they will lose a lot of attention to the crowd, and also it makes the influence of the traditional marketing model spread greatly reduced.

Analysis of Participatory Approach Applied in Creating a New Protected Area Anjozorobe Angavo

The political will in compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity brings to the establishment of MSPA （Madagascar system of protected areas）. The aim is to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty and develop the country. Participation and involvement of local population in natural resources management, consultation with all sectors and responsibilization of regional and local authorities in protected areas management are all the basic principles of MSPA. The paper brought focus in the understanding of this participation of local actors （populations, local authorities） and in their interests to participate in the protected area management in Anjozorobe Angavo. The research has been conducted by doing investigations and meetings with local actors. A typology of participations had been done. It has been indeed noticed that the understanding was differentiated then motivations to participate were not always the environmental one. The populations＇ participation could be either by convenience, or for personal interest, or imposed participation, or conscious participation. But in order to reach the purpose of the protected areas sustainable management, the operator should admit that the participation in protected areas management is imposed naturally and should consider those differences in visions; at last, the approach should motivate local populations to participate consciously.

Shape optimization of the caudal fin of the three-dimensional self-propelled swimming fish

Shape optimization of the caudal fin of the three-dimensional self-propelled swimming fish,to increase the swimming efficiency and the swimming speed and control the motion direction more easily,is investigated by combining optimization algorithms,unsteady computational fluid dynamics and dynamic control in this study.The 3D computational fluid dynamics package contains the immersed boundary method,volume of fluid method,the adaptive multi-grid finite volume method and the control strategy of fish swimming.Through shape optimizations of various swimming speeds,the results show that the optimal caudal fins of different swimming modes are not exactly the same shape.However,the optimal fish of high swimming speed,whose caudal fin shape is similar to the crescent,also have higher efficiency and better maneuverability than the other optimal bionic fish at low and moderate swimming speeds.Finally,the mechanisms of vorticity creation of different optimal bionic fish are studied by using boundary vorticity-flux theory,and three-dimensional wake structures of self-propelled swimming of these fish are comparatively analyzed.The study of vortex dynamics reveals the nature of efficient swimming of the 3D bionic fish with the lunate caudal fin.