Jerusalem artichoke is an economic crop widely planted in saline-alkaline soil. The use of Jerusalem artichoke is of great significance. In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the effects ...Jerusalem artichoke is an economic crop widely planted in saline-alkaline soil. The use of Jerusalem artichoke is of great significance. In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the effects of processing variables （extraction temperature, pH, extraction time, and liquid-to- solid ratio） on the yield of Jerusalem artichoke pectin. Under the optimal extraction conditions： pHl .52, 63.62 min, 100℃ and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 44.4 mL/g, the maximum pectin yield was predicted to be 18.76%. Experiments were conducted under these optimal conditions and a pectin yield of 18.52＋0.90% was obtained, which validated the model prediction. The effects of different drying methods （freeze drying, spray drying and vacuum drying） on the properties of Jerusalem artichoke pectin were evaluated and they were compared with apple pectin. FTIR spectral analysis showed no major structural differences in Jerusalem artichoke pectin samples produced by various drying treatments. The antioxidant activities of pectin dried by different methods were investigated using in vitro hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging systems. The results revealed that the activities of spray dried pectin （SDP） and apple pectin （AP） were stronger than those of vacuum oven dried pectin （ODP） and vacuum freeze dried pectin （FDP）. Therefore compared with the other two drying methods, the spray drying method was the best.展开更多
The present study investigated potential effectiveness of certain chemical candidates for controlling internal phosphorus loading, and for delineating inactivation pattern in sediment depths of an eutrophic pond under...The present study investigated potential effectiveness of certain chemical candidates for controlling internal phosphorus loading, and for delineating inactivation pattern in sediment depths of an eutrophic pond under simulated mesocosm condition. Chemical administration （@ 30 mg/dm3） resulted in phosphate precipitation from water column concomitant with inactivation in sediments, under specific pH range and/or redox regime. The alum-lime combination dosing wrought the maximum reduction in orthophosphate （65.6%） and soluble reactive phosphate （71.9%） in water plus the utmost increment in sediment-P （0.257 ppm）. The inactivated P forms typically exhibited a downhill concentration gradient with highest sequestration in the uppermost sediment stratum. Ironbound P displayed the highest mobility while calcium- and aluminum- bound P behaved almost immune to internal feedback dynamics. The combo-treatment was established as the most effective phosphate scavenging and confiscating agent, to be adopted as chemical remediation regime for de-eutrophication, restoration and rehabilitation of the water body.展开更多
llex paraguariensis St. Hilaire （Aquifoliaceae） is processed industrially to produce the commercial product ＂yerba mate＂ which is used as a tea-like beverage. It is one of the most commercialized plants of South A...llex paraguariensis St. Hilaire （Aquifoliaceae） is processed industrially to produce the commercial product ＂yerba mate＂ which is used as a tea-like beverage. It is one of the most commercialized plants of South America. It is exported to the US, Europe and Asia as vegetal drug or extracts used in complementary and alternative medicine and in formulations for functional foods due to its properties as a CNS stimulant, diuretic, weight reducing, antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic, among others, llex affinis grows in the same habitat and is used as substitute or adulterant ofI. paraguariensis. This species was never investigated before. The objective of this work was to assess the phytochemical composition and to determine the pharmacological activity, according with the major compounds present in it. The results showed small quantities of caffeine and theobromine, but a considerable amount of polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid. I. affinis extracts presented scavenging activity on free radical DPPH in a concentration-dependent manner. Antiproliferative action on lymphoma cell line exerting both cytostatic and cytotoxic activities was also demonstrated.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA021205)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2011BAC02B04)
文摘Jerusalem artichoke is an economic crop widely planted in saline-alkaline soil. The use of Jerusalem artichoke is of great significance. In this study, the response surface method was employed to optimize the effects of processing variables （extraction temperature, pH, extraction time, and liquid-to- solid ratio） on the yield of Jerusalem artichoke pectin. Under the optimal extraction conditions： pHl .52, 63.62 min, 100℃ and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 44.4 mL/g, the maximum pectin yield was predicted to be 18.76%. Experiments were conducted under these optimal conditions and a pectin yield of 18.52＋0.90% was obtained, which validated the model prediction. The effects of different drying methods （freeze drying, spray drying and vacuum drying） on the properties of Jerusalem artichoke pectin were evaluated and they were compared with apple pectin. FTIR spectral analysis showed no major structural differences in Jerusalem artichoke pectin samples produced by various drying treatments. The antioxidant activities of pectin dried by different methods were investigated using in vitro hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging systems. The results revealed that the activities of spray dried pectin （SDP） and apple pectin （AP） were stronger than those of vacuum oven dried pectin （ODP） and vacuum freeze dried pectin （FDP）. Therefore compared with the other two drying methods, the spray drying method was the best.
文摘The present study investigated potential effectiveness of certain chemical candidates for controlling internal phosphorus loading, and for delineating inactivation pattern in sediment depths of an eutrophic pond under simulated mesocosm condition. Chemical administration （@ 30 mg/dm3） resulted in phosphate precipitation from water column concomitant with inactivation in sediments, under specific pH range and/or redox regime. The alum-lime combination dosing wrought the maximum reduction in orthophosphate （65.6%） and soluble reactive phosphate （71.9%） in water plus the utmost increment in sediment-P （0.257 ppm）. The inactivated P forms typically exhibited a downhill concentration gradient with highest sequestration in the uppermost sediment stratum. Ironbound P displayed the highest mobility while calcium- and aluminum- bound P behaved almost immune to internal feedback dynamics. The combo-treatment was established as the most effective phosphate scavenging and confiscating agent, to be adopted as chemical remediation regime for de-eutrophication, restoration and rehabilitation of the water body.
文摘llex paraguariensis St. Hilaire （Aquifoliaceae） is processed industrially to produce the commercial product ＂yerba mate＂ which is used as a tea-like beverage. It is one of the most commercialized plants of South America. It is exported to the US, Europe and Asia as vegetal drug or extracts used in complementary and alternative medicine and in formulations for functional foods due to its properties as a CNS stimulant, diuretic, weight reducing, antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic, among others, llex affinis grows in the same habitat and is used as substitute or adulterant ofI. paraguariensis. This species was never investigated before. The objective of this work was to assess the phytochemical composition and to determine the pharmacological activity, according with the major compounds present in it. The results showed small quantities of caffeine and theobromine, but a considerable amount of polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid. I. affinis extracts presented scavenging activity on free radical DPPH in a concentration-dependent manner. Antiproliferative action on lymphoma cell line exerting both cytostatic and cytotoxic activities was also demonstrated.
