The free-gradient is proposed for cellcentered total variation diminishing finite difference schemes of inviscid aerodynamic equations with high order of accuracy to eradicate the negative effects of the mesh skewness...The free-gradient is proposed for cellcentered total variation diminishing finite difference schemes of inviscid aerodynamic equations with high order of accuracy to eradicate the negative effects of the mesh skewness on the flux limiter. This paper demonstrates that it can satisfies the free-stream and free-gradient simultaneously and keeps the accuracy order of the schemes by assigning the Jacobe of transformation on the cell surfce as 1 for Harten and osher-Chakravarthy schemes. It also shows that Yee-Harten schemes do not satisfy the free-gradient, thus a modification is conducted to make them work better on skewed meshes.展开更多
目的评价3D-Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)与Balance fast field echo(Balance-FFE)及常规MRI序列联合应用对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法 156例梗阻性黄疸患者行包括3D-MRCP、冠状位B-FFE、轴位T1WI、T2WI、T2压脂...目的评价3D-Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)与Balance fast field echo(Balance-FFE)及常规MRI序列联合应用对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法 156例梗阻性黄疸患者行包括3D-MRCP、冠状位B-FFE、轴位T1WI、T2WI、T2压脂,部分行同层动态增强检查。所有影像诊断结果与最终手术病理结果进行回顾对照分析。结果 156例病人分为3组,组Ⅰ结石94例,组Ⅱ肿瘤56例,组Ⅲ其它6例。3D-MRCP、B-FFE与常规MRI联合应用,定性诊断的符合率分别为100%、80.3%和100%,总符合率为92.9%。结论 3D-MRCP、B-FFE与常规MRI扫描序列联合应用通过观察直接征象和间接征象,对梗阻性黄疸的定性诊断有较高准确性。展开更多
With the stat-of-the-art laser technique, the quality of electron beam generated from LPA （laser-plasma accelerator） is now becoming much better. The natural merits of electron beam from LPA, e.g., high peak current...With the stat-of-the-art laser technique, the quality of electron beam generated from LPA （laser-plasma accelerator） is now becoming much better. The natural merits of electron beam from LPA, e.g., high peak current, ultra-low emittance and ultra-short bunch length, etc., pave the way to the novel light sources, especially in the realm of developing much more compact x-ray light sources, e.g., table-top XFEL （x-ray free-electron laser）. However, the radiation power is limited by the rather larger energy spread than conventional radio-frequency electron LINAC （linear accelerator）. Luckily, much more power could be extracted by using the undulator with transverse gradient when energy spread effect could be compensated. In this paper, we introduce a novel soit x-ray light source driven by LPA together with TGU （transverse gradient undulator） technique, meanwhile we present a simple idea on how to achieve much higher rep-rate （e.g., -100 kHz） FELs （free-electron lasers） boosted by TGU based on storage rings.展开更多
The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is e...The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is easily renewed by circulation and many overcome neutron irradiation damage life time limit. There are three types of free surface in the innovation concept as film, curtain （jets or drops） and capillary. The free surface jet is played a more attention at present. But it is no so clear and only a few available data that their magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） instabilities, interaction with plasma and exclusion of the particles （ions, Alpha particles and so on） from liquid metal, in despite of many liquid metal free surface facilities built and operated especially in US in last two years. Recently, some primary results are carried out at LMEL facility at Southwestern Institute of Physics.展开更多
Numerical simulations of flow in the melt(CdZnTe) with different conditions are conducted using the finite-difference method.When the top surface of the melt is solid wall under microgravity condition,the thermocapill...Numerical simulations of flow in the melt(CdZnTe) with different conditions are conducted using the finite-difference method.When the top surface of the melt is solid wall under microgravity condition,the thermocapillary convection is caused in the melt by the surface tension gradient on the free surface.As the Marangoni number is small,the flow is steady thermocapillary convection.As the Marangoni number exceeds the critical value,the steady flow transits into unstable thermocapillary convection.When the top surface of the melt is free surface under microgravity,two roll cells are observed in the melt,which are driven by both the surface tension gradients on the upper and lower free surfaces.When the top surface of the melt is free surface under gravity condition,the effect of the buoyancy on the flow is little as the Marangoni number is small.With the Marangoni number increasing,the effect of the buoyancy increases,which makes the upper roll cell weaken and the lower roll cell strengthen.展开更多
Surface-grafted block copolymer brushes with continuous composition gradients containing poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate) (P(PEGMA)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) chains were fabricated by inte...Surface-grafted block copolymer brushes with continuous composition gradients containing poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate) (P(PEGMA)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) chains were fabricated by integration of the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and continuous injection method. Three types of copolymer gradients were prepared: (1) a uniform P(PEGMA) layer was block copolymerized with a gradient PNIPAAm layer (PP1); (2) a gradient P(PEGMA) layer was block copolymerized with a uniform PNIPAAm layer (PP2); and (3) a gradient P(PEGMA) layer was inversely block copolymerized with a gradient PNIPAAm layer (PP3). The as-prepared gradients were characterized by ellipsometry, water contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine their alterations in thickness, surface wettability and morphology, confirming the gradient structures. In vitro culture of HepG2 cells was implemented on the gradient surfaces, revealing that the cells could adhere at 37 ℃ and be detached at 20 ℃. Introduction of the PEG chains as an underlying layer on the PNIPAAm grafting surfaces resulted in faster cell detachment compared with the PNIPAAm grafting surface.展开更多
文摘The free-gradient is proposed for cellcentered total variation diminishing finite difference schemes of inviscid aerodynamic equations with high order of accuracy to eradicate the negative effects of the mesh skewness on the flux limiter. This paper demonstrates that it can satisfies the free-stream and free-gradient simultaneously and keeps the accuracy order of the schemes by assigning the Jacobe of transformation on the cell surfce as 1 for Harten and osher-Chakravarthy schemes. It also shows that Yee-Harten schemes do not satisfy the free-gradient, thus a modification is conducted to make them work better on skewed meshes.
文摘目的评价3D-Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)与Balance fast field echo(Balance-FFE)及常规MRI序列联合应用对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法 156例梗阻性黄疸患者行包括3D-MRCP、冠状位B-FFE、轴位T1WI、T2WI、T2压脂,部分行同层动态增强检查。所有影像诊断结果与最终手术病理结果进行回顾对照分析。结果 156例病人分为3组,组Ⅰ结石94例,组Ⅱ肿瘤56例,组Ⅲ其它6例。3D-MRCP、B-FFE与常规MRI联合应用,定性诊断的符合率分别为100%、80.3%和100%,总符合率为92.9%。结论 3D-MRCP、B-FFE与常规MRI扫描序列联合应用通过观察直接征象和间接征象,对梗阻性黄疸的定性诊断有较高准确性。
基金The authors would like to thank Huang, Z., and Ding, Y. from SLAC and Feng, C., Deng, H., Lan, T., Shen, L., Wang, X. and Liu, B. from SINAP for helpful discussions. The authors are grateful for the support of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China （No. 2011CB808300）, and Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 11075199）.
文摘With the stat-of-the-art laser technique, the quality of electron beam generated from LPA （laser-plasma accelerator） is now becoming much better. The natural merits of electron beam from LPA, e.g., high peak current, ultra-low emittance and ultra-short bunch length, etc., pave the way to the novel light sources, especially in the realm of developing much more compact x-ray light sources, e.g., table-top XFEL （x-ray free-electron laser）. However, the radiation power is limited by the rather larger energy spread than conventional radio-frequency electron LINAC （linear accelerator）. Luckily, much more power could be extracted by using the undulator with transverse gradient when energy spread effect could be compensated. In this paper, we introduce a novel soit x-ray light source driven by LPA together with TGU （transverse gradient undulator） technique, meanwhile we present a simple idea on how to achieve much higher rep-rate （e.g., -100 kHz） FELs （free-electron lasers） boosted by TGU based on storage rings.
文摘The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is easily renewed by circulation and many overcome neutron irradiation damage life time limit. There are three types of free surface in the innovation concept as film, curtain （jets or drops） and capillary. The free surface jet is played a more attention at present. But it is no so clear and only a few available data that their magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） instabilities, interaction with plasma and exclusion of the particles （ions, Alpha particles and so on） from liquid metal, in despite of many liquid metal free surface facilities built and operated especially in US in last two years. Recently, some primary results are carried out at LMEL facility at Southwestern Institute of Physics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundatin of China (Grant No. 50676112)
文摘Numerical simulations of flow in the melt(CdZnTe) with different conditions are conducted using the finite-difference method.When the top surface of the melt is solid wall under microgravity condition,the thermocapillary convection is caused in the melt by the surface tension gradient on the free surface.As the Marangoni number is small,the flow is steady thermocapillary convection.As the Marangoni number exceeds the critical value,the steady flow transits into unstable thermocapillary convection.When the top surface of the melt is free surface under microgravity,two roll cells are observed in the melt,which are driven by both the surface tension gradients on the upper and lower free surfaces.When the top surface of the melt is free surface under gravity condition,the effect of the buoyancy on the flow is little as the Marangoni number is small.With the Marangoni number increasing,the effect of the buoyancy increases,which makes the upper roll cell weaken and the lower roll cell strengthen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20934003,20774084)the National Basic Research Program of China (973Program,2005CB623902)
文摘Surface-grafted block copolymer brushes with continuous composition gradients containing poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate) (P(PEGMA)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) chains were fabricated by integration of the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and continuous injection method. Three types of copolymer gradients were prepared: (1) a uniform P(PEGMA) layer was block copolymerized with a gradient PNIPAAm layer (PP1); (2) a gradient P(PEGMA) layer was block copolymerized with a uniform PNIPAAm layer (PP2); and (3) a gradient P(PEGMA) layer was inversely block copolymerized with a gradient PNIPAAm layer (PP3). The as-prepared gradients were characterized by ellipsometry, water contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine their alterations in thickness, surface wettability and morphology, confirming the gradient structures. In vitro culture of HepG2 cells was implemented on the gradient surfaces, revealing that the cells could adhere at 37 ℃ and be detached at 20 ℃. Introduction of the PEG chains as an underlying layer on the PNIPAAm grafting surfaces resulted in faster cell detachment compared with the PNIPAAm grafting surface.
