浅谈如何在社区学校内打造家庭成员学习共同体

所谓的社区教育是指在一定的区域内借助多样化的教学资源,积极地开展以提高社区全体成员的综合素质。社区教育的顺利落实不是靠一己之力就可以完成的,需要发挥全员的主观能动性,在家庭成员学习共同体的建构基础上,各展所长,共同提升各自的素养。由此可以看出,家庭成员需要在社区学校活动开展中发挥主观主观能动性,共同成长。那么,我们要如何在社区学校内打造家庭成员学习共同体嗯?

SPHERE： a scalable multicast framework in overlay networks

This paper presents Sphere, a scalable multicast framework in overlay network. Sphere is a highly efficient, serf-organizing and robust multicast protocol overlayed on the Internet. The main contrihutions of this paper are twofold. First, Sphere organizes the control topology of overlay network in two directions： horizontal and vertical. The horizontal meshes are used to locate and organize hosts in tracks, and the vertical meshes are. used to manage the data paths between tracks. Second, Sphere balances stress and stretch of the overlay network by assigning hosts into different tracks and clusters. This structure distributes stress on the muhicast trees uniformly, and meantime makes path stretch as small as possible. Simulations results show that Sphere can support multicast with large group size and has good performance on organizing meshes and building data delivery trees.

Zoning of Far Eastern Seas of Russia for Integrated Nature Management

On the Pacific coast of Russia implementation of the methodology of the integrated nature management has a number of peculiarities. On the one hand, these districts are characterized by severe hydrometeorological conditions. On the other hand, Russia has no applicable legislation on coastal issues. Thus, to prepare informational, theoretical and methodical bases for organization of sustained nature management in coastal zones of the Russian Federation, we developed hierarchy structure of delimitation of coastal areas and recommendations for their development on the basis of nature resource and social-economic zoning. Zoning of the Russian Far East is suggested to include two major directions： （1） planning of sustainable development of the region and （2） solving contradictions between fisheries and productions of oil and gas in the coastal zones.

Methodology for Obtaining Electricity-Price Patterns in Customer Response Programs

The main objective of electricity regulators when establishing electricity markets is to decrease the cost of electricity through competition. However, this scenario cannot be achieved without a full participation of the electricity demand by reacting against electricity prices. The aim of this research is to develop tools for helping customers and aggregators to join price and demand response programs, while helping them to hedge against the risk of short-term price volatility. In this way, the capacity of and hybrid methodology （Self-Organizing Maps and Statistical Ward＇s Linkage） to classify high electricity market prices is analysed. Besides, with the help of Non-Parametric Estimation, some price-patterns were found in the abovementioned clusters. The contained knowledge within these patterns supplies customer market-based information on which to base its energy use decisions. The interest for this participation of customers in markets is growing in developed countries to obtain a higher elasticity in demand. Results show the capability of this approach to improve data management and select coherent policies to accomplish cleared demand offers amongst different price scenarios in a more flexible way.

Participatory and integrated watershed management and community based organgzanon

In Iran, and in order to encourage local watershed management, community based organizations （CBO） like ＂cooperatives of watershed＂, ＂construction groups＂ and ＂watershed management groups＂ have been established to obtain resident＇s cooperation in activities eormeeted with protection, reclamation and exploitation of natural resources in the basins that lead to sustainability within watershed management. This study was done as a ease study to explore the role of Remeleh Group （RG） as a CBO in the management of the ＂Kharkheh＂ sub-basin. Participatory action and learning method was used. Participatory tools including natural resources mapping, flow diagram, transect walk, semi-structured interview and brainstorming were applied. Making the conclusion, it was found that the CBO of Remeleh Group cause： （1） Enhancement of social capital through encouraging cooperation and participatory practices, creating new communication among local residents and outsiders, reducing conflicts and promoting the solidarity among communities in the sub basin of Karldaeh; （2） Sustain livelihood and economic situation through agricultural intensification and livelihood diversification （gardening and agriculture together and reducing migration）; （3） Conservation of environmental and natural recourses via the implementation of watershed activities like vine, terracing, bunding and destocking, seedling, and check dams; （4） Empower local people through carrying out training on the watershed practices.

论罪犯的直接管理

罪犯直接管理，实际上就是警察直接管理罪犯，是管理罪犯的一个基本要求。它主要包含两方面的内容：一是空间上的警犯接近，二是情感上的警犯心理相容。罪犯直接管理的要素是：警察与罪犯之间特殊的人际关系；警察对罪犯情况的较多了解；警察对罪犯情感的高度敏感；警察对罪犯的有效控制。对罪犯直接管理的内容是直接接收、对面管理、直接授课、个别谈话、组织劳动、实施奖惩。罪犯自管组织是罪犯自我管理的主要形式，是社会进步的产物。并不影响干警的直接管理，而恰恰是直接管理的延伸和落实。