房地产发展商自管自建物业得失谈

就目前国内物业管理市场的现状分析,新建住宅类物业由房地产发展商自行管理者居多,且有日渐增加的趋势。房地产发展商自管自建物业,一般均采取组建物业管理公司的方式。所以,随着住宅类物业开发项目的增加,各种不同规模、档次的物业管理公司大量涌现。仅以上海为例,截止到去年10月底,经资质评审备案的物业管理公司已达1500家之多,其中单纯从事物业管理的公司为830余家,由房地产发展商和综合性公司兼做物业管理的公司为650余家。

广州象岗大墓“赵眛”印释

广州象岗大墓出土“赵眜”印,同时出土有“帝印”及“文帝行玺”等印。从“文帝行玺”可知,墓主是《史记·南越列传》所载赵佗之孙赵胡。因为《史记》明说:“胡薨,谥为文王。”这是汉廷的赐谥。可是尽管汉廷赐谥称王,南越还是自管自地称帝,这也可说明当时汉廷与南越的关系。《史记》所载文王是赵胡,墓中出土却只有赵眜的姓名印,这矛盾如何解释呢?我个人意见,眜即是《左传》昭公元年所载的昧。眜,《说文》释作“目不明。”昧,《说文》解释为“昧爽,旦明也,一曰暗也。”昧的本义应该是暗,昧爽即旦明,即今所谓黎明前的黑暗,是引申义。

一枝红杏出墙来——武穴市落实收支两条线管理规定初见成效

长期以来,预算外资金脱离财政监督,自收自支、自管自用,如脱缰野马,在一些地方或部门甚至成为滋生腐败的温床。落实收支两条线管理规定,把收与支放在明处,是从源头和制度上遏制乃至消除腐败的有力之举。

Professional nurses’facilitation of self-care in intensive care units:A concept analysis

Objective:This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the concept of self-care in the intensive care unit and outline its defining attributes,antecedents,consequences and empirical referents.Methods:The literature was searched electronically using databases such as CINAHL,Medline,Psych INFO,ERIC,ScienceDirect,Amed,EBSCO(Health Source:Nursing and Academic Edition),Sage,Ujoogle and Google Scholar.Articles from 2013 to 2020 were searched to target recent and up-to-date information about the definitions,attributes,antecedents and consequences of the concept of self-care.Walker and Avant’s framework was utilised to analyse the concept of self-care.Results:The results of the concept analysis identified seven attributes,namely process,activity,capability,autonomous choice,education,self-control and interaction.The seven identified antecedents are self-motivation,participation,commitment,resources,religious and cultural beliefs,social,spiritual and professional support,and the availability of time.The consequences are the maintenance of health and wellbeing,autonomy,increased self-esteem,disease prevention,empowerment,increased social support and the ability to cope with stress.

Psychometric properties and characteristics of the Diabetes Self Management Scale

Objective:Assessing diabetes self care management is essential for nursing care for diabetes.There is a need to have valid and reliable scales that assess the actual performance of diabetes self management,The purpose of this study was to revise and conduct psychometric testing and analysis of the Diabetes Self Management Scale(DSMS).Methods:A cross-sectional methodological design was used.A convenience sample was used and 78 adults with diabetes and taking insulin from five sites in the Midwest area of the U.S participated in the study.Reliability analysis was done using Ferketich techniques to make decisions about whether any given item should be retained or deleted.Results:A descriptive analysis for the 60 items of the scale was conducted;several items had low variability compared to the other items on the scale.The correlation matrices showed that a total of 20 items had poor item characteristics.These 20 items were deleted resulting in developing 40-item version of the scale.The 40-item scale had high level of internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.947).The validity testing of the 40-item scale was guided by the Research Model for Diabetes Self Care Management;results were congruent with the model and showed strong correlation with self efficacy,moderate correlation with self care agency,and weak correlation with diabetes knowledge.Conclusion:The items and the scale(DSMS)have undergone careful psychometric testing.The 40-item DSMS is a reliable and valid instrument to measure diabetes self care management among people with diabetes.

The development and implementation of a model to facilitate self-care of the professional nurses caring for critically ill patients

Objectives This article aimed to describe the development,implementation,and evaluation of the model’s effectiveness to facilitate self-care of professional nurses caring for critically ill patients in ICUs.Methods The methods of Chinn and Kramer,Walker and Avant were utilized to generate this model.The study included four steps to develop,implement and evaluate the model:Step 1-concept analysis;Step 2-placing the concept in relationship statements;Step 3-description and evaluation of the model;and Step 4-implementation and evaluation of the model.The implementation and evaluation of the model included two phases:a one-day workshop to present the model,and three months of model implementation.The study was conducted in a specific tertiary hospital in Gauteng Province,South Africa.Twenty-five participants were identified amongst the five ICUs,and only eight participants accepted the invitation.Out of the eight participants,only six professional nurses working in different ICUs in the public sector were interviewed.Results The model was divided into three stages:relationship,working,and termination;it comprised the primary and secondary contexts in which the facilitation of self-care occurs.The model process occurred in a spiral form.The registered nurses benefitted holistically from the three presenters at the workshop,and the social worker contributed to their emotional self-care activities.Three themes emerged:The model brought positive experiences,change,and self-awareness;the model benefitted the registered nurses holistically;role modeling self-care practices motivated and benefitted others.Conclusion The model implementation assisted the registered nurses’in developing self-awareness and resilience.They gained more knowledge regarding self-care,and the model encouraged them to implement improved self-care practices.They became role models of self-care and motivated their friends and families.

Autoantibodies in primary sclerosing cholangitis

The aetiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is not known and controversy exists as to whether PSC should be denominated an autoimmune disease. A large number of autoantibodies have been detected in PSC patients,but the specifi city of these antibodies is generally low,and the frequencies vary largely between different studies. The presence of autoantibodies in PSC may be the result of a nonspecifi c dysregulation of the immune system,but the literature in PSC points to the possible presence of specifi c antibody targets in the biliary epithelium and in neutrophil granulocytes. The present review aims to give an overview of the studies of autoantibodies in PSC,with a particular emphasis on the prevalence,clinical relevance and possible pathogenetic importance of each individual marker.

A Phenomenological Understanding of Digital Processes of Subjectification： The Example of Lifelogging

By lifelogging, we understand a specific, very recent phenomenon of digital technology, which falls within the range of practices of the quantified self. It is a complex form of self-management through self-monitoring and self-tracking practices, which combines the use of wearable computers for measuring psycho-physical performances through specific apps for the processing, selecting and describing of the data collected, possibly in combination with video recordings. Given that lifelogging is becoming increasingly widespread in technologically advanced societies and that practices related to it are becoming part of most people＇s everyday lives, it is more important than ever to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. In this paper, I am interested in particular in exploring the issue of the transformations in the perception, comprehension, and construction of self, and hence in subjectification practices, deriving from the new digital technologies, and especially lifelogging.

Dynamic Crop Information System Design and Implementation Based on 3 s Technology in Shaanxi Province

By using 3s technology, the dynamic crop information system can be developed to meet the needs of sharing the agriculture information in Shaanxi Province. The dynamic crop information system can realize the query of crop information attribute and space, and the automatic acquirement, dynamic distribution and classification analysis of crop information. In this way, the whole process of real-time management of agricultural product with information and visualization can be carried out, which is to improve the level of agriculture information management automation in Shaanxi Province.

Conductance Oscillations in Spin Field-Effect Transistors

Ballistic spin transport in spin field-effect transistors is studied by taking into account the Rashba spinorbit coupling, interracial scattering, and band mismatch. It is shown that the spin conductance oscillation with the semiconductor channel length is a superimposition of the Rashba spin precession and spin interference oscillations. They have different oscillation periods π/κR and π/κ with κR the Rashba wavevector and κ the Fermi wavevector of the semiconductor channel, and play different parts of slow and rapid oscillations, depending upon the relative magnitude of π/κR and π/κ. Only at κ = κR does the spin conductance exhibit oscillations of a single period. Two types of different behaviors of the tunnelling magnetoresistance are discussed.

Study on the all position automatic pipeline backing weld machine

As a result of the lower backing weld efficiency, the applying of automatic welding is seriously limited. So a kind of special automatic welder is designed and manufactured for backing weld. This paper introduces the character of the assembled pulse CO2 arc welding machine which has strong penetrability. It specifies the technology of controlling the parameters of all position automatic welding by computer and multi-axis controller. Moreover typical welding procedure parameters are provided. It is proved by examination that the economical and practical equipment and technology are suitable for the long-distance transmission pipeline, and it has a good foreground of spreading and applying.

Implementation of Action Research to Challenge Poverty of Local Communities in Forest Protection Area

Forest land including forest protection areas in Indonesia have been degraded due to poverty of local communities who live in the surrounding areas. They tend to destroy the forest and are less attentive to forest conservation causing conflict between local community and government. Forest protection areas are very fragile and at risk from natural disaster, mainly in small islands. Natural resources management in small islands needs to be done properly. Therefore, a research has been done for local communities in the Gunung Sirimau forest protection area, Ambon, with objectives to increase income in local communities and knowledge of forest conservation. This study used the action research method. The results of this study showed that income of local communities in three demplots increased by IDR 3,966,000 （in cycle 1）, IDR 20,107,000 （in cycle 2） and IDR 25,897,000 （in cycle 3）. Unfortunately, their knowledge regarding forest conservation and tree maintenance, both in theory and practice is still low. A lot of effort is needed to increase their knowledge in the next action research. The effort to increase income of local communities and its knowledge of forest conservation should be done step by step. If their knowledge is sufficient, promotion of the environmental service of forest protection areas through carbon trade implementation can be carried out.

Policy Optimization Study Based on Evolutionary Learning

In order to achieve an intelligent and automated self-management network,dynamic policy configuration and selection are needed.A certain policy only suits to a certain network environment.If the network environment changes,the certain policy does not suit any more.Thereby,the policy-based management should also have similar "natural selection" process.Useful policy will be retained,and policies which have lost their effectiveness are eliminated.A policy optimization method based on evolutionary learning was proposed.For different shooting times,the priority of policy with high shooting times is improved,while policy with a low rate has lower priority,and long-term no shooting policy will be dormant.Thus the strategy for the survival of the fittest is realized,and the degree of self-learning in policy management is improved.

我走丢了

星期六晚上,我和妈妈来到绍兴华谊商场二楼买书。不一会儿,我想上洗手间,就对妈妈说:“你在这儿等我,我去趟洗手间。”妈妈点点头,我就放心地去了,没想到走出来时,妈妈却不见了。这下,可把我急坏了,我跑来跑去都找不到妈妈,便大声地哭了起来。我想:妈妈怎么丢下我。自管自走了呢?要真找不到,我就无家可归了!我哭得更加伤心了。

A SURVEY ON ENGLISH MAJORS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS LEARNER AUTONOMY

Learner autonomy (LA) has attracted more and more attention especially in the western world since 1970s. In recent years, a considerable number of Chinese researchers have begun to show great interest in LA. However, research on LA with Chinese students has not yet come to any definite conclusion about the applicability of LA in the local context. This study aims to elicit some useful information based on the investigation of Chinese students' attitudes towards LA. The questionnaire is composed of 24 statements, concerning the students' attitudes and perception towards language learning, teachers' and learners' roles, and perception of their capability in language learning. The results indicate that students show positive attitudes towards LA; they have a general desire to be involved in the language learning process and believe in the value of effort and self-discipline. The paper then, based on the results of the study, puts forward a few tentative suggestions as to how to facilitate the development of LA in Chinese pedagogical context. Teachers should transfer more power to students in classroom, and provide more room for student involvement in language teaching. Meanwhile, it is essential to raise students' awareness for Autonomous Language learning (ALL) and enhance their abilities in doing so.

When Teacher Autonomy Meets Management Autonomy to Enhance Learner Autonomy

Developing learner autonomy （LA） requires a shift of control from teachers to students. This development also relates to teacher autonomy （TA）, which requires school managers to relinquish some degree of their own autonomy （MA） to teachers. Thus, a problem arises： how can the three levels of control-shifts co-exist and survive in harmony, and ideally, thrive each in its own way？ Based on a recent case study, this paper aims to explore the complexity of the dynamic interaction between these three types of autonomy within an educational hierarchy. The study was conducted in a Chinese secondary school which was promoting whole-person development through a comprehensive innovation project. The participants comprised nine English teachers, the executive director, and the principal. Data collection methods included interviews, observations, and post-lesson discussions. Three issues are addressed in this paper： the principal＇s perceptions of LA, a classroom instruction model to cultivate LA, and a teacher training scheme to facilitate TA. The findings display a complex picture of these issues, and imply the importance of a genuine, shared understanding of the nature of autonomy and the need to carefully ensure the optimal balance among the three types of autonomy in the design and implementation of curriculum innovations.

Carbon-based spintronics

Carbon-based spintronics refers mainly to the spin injection and transport in carbon materials including carbon nanotubes,graphene,fullerene,and organic materials.In the last decade,extraordinary development has been achieved for carbon-based spintronics,and the spin transport has been studied in both local and nonlocal spin valve devices.A series of theoretical and experimental studies have been done to reveal the spin relaxation mechanisms and spin transport properties in carbon materials,mostly for graphene and carbon nanotubes.In this article,we provide a brief review on spin injection and transport in graphene,carbon nanotubes,fullerene and organic thin films.

Peptoid-based hierarchically-structured biomimetic nanomaterials: Synthesis, characterization and applications

Peptoids(or poly-N-substituted glycines)are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis,high chemical stability,enzyme hydrolysis resistance,and biocompatibility.By tuning the side chain chemistry of peptoids,it allows for precise control over sequences and achieving a large side-chain diversity.Due to these unique features,in the last several years,many amphiphilic peptoids were designed as highly tunable building blocks for the preparation of biomimetic nanomaterials with well-defined hierarchical structures and desired functionalities.Herein,we provide an overview of the recent achievements in this area by dividing them into the following three aspects.First,mica-and silica-templated peptoid selfassembly are summarized.The presence of inorganic substrates provides the guarantee of investigating their selfassembly mechanisms and interactions between peptoids and substrates using nanoscale characterization techniques,particularly in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)and AFMbased dynamic force spectroscopy(AFM-DFS).Second,solution-phase self-assembly of peptoids into nanotubes and nanosheets is presented,as well as their self-repair properties.Third,the applications of peptoid-based nanomaterials are outlined,including the construction of catalytic nanomaterials as a template and cytosolic delivery as cargoes.

Spin manipulations through electrical and thermoelectrical transport in magnetic tunnel junctions

A brief review is presented,which includes the direct current,alternate current,electrical and thermoelectrical transport as well as spin transfer effect in a variety of spin-based nanostructures such as the magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ),ferromagnet(FM)-quantum dot(QD)/FM-FM,double barrier MTJ,FM-marginal Fermi liquid-FM,FM-unconventional superconductor-FM(FUSF),quantum ring and optical spin-field-effect transistor.The magnetoresistances in those structures,spin accumulation effect in FM-QD-FM and FUSF systems,spin injection and spin filter into semiconductor,spin transfer effect,photon-assisted spin transport,magnonassisted tunneling,electron-electron interaction effect on spin transport,laser-controlled spin dynamics,and thermoelectrical spin transport are discussed.