基于半正定规划的压缩感知线阵三维SAR自聚焦成像算法

线阵合成孔径雷达(Linear Array Synthetic Aperture Radar, LASAR)3维成像技术是一种具有重要潜在应用价值的新体制成像雷达,压缩感知稀疏重构是近几年实现LASAR高分辨3维成像的热点研究之一。但相对于传统2维SAR,受线阵稀疏分布及阵列-平台2维联动,压缩感知LASAR成像面临回波数据欠采样、多维度高阶相位误差等问题,传统SAR自聚焦算法难以适用于压缩感知LASAR 3维稀疏自聚焦成像。为克服欠采样条件下多维度高阶相位误差对LASAR成像的影响,该文提出了一种基于半正定规划的压缩感知LASAR自聚焦成像算法。首先,结合压缩感知成像理论、图像最大锐度及最小均方误差准则,构造欠采样条件下稀疏目标的相位误差估计模型;其次,利用松弛半正定规划方法估计相位误差;最后,利用迭代逼近方法提高相位误差估计精度,实现压缩感知LASAR高精度稀疏自聚焦成像。另外,通过主散射目标区域提取,仅采用主散射区域进行相位误差估计,进一步提高自聚焦算法运算效率。仿真数据和实测数据验证了该文算法的有效性。

基于最大锐度半正定规划的线阵SAR自聚焦三维成像

线阵合成孔径雷达(LASAR)三维成像技术是一种具有重要潜在应用价值的新型雷达成像技术。但在一个脉冲重复时间中,LASAR系统中需采用阵列天线多个天线相位中心同时接收回波,仅利用载荷单个测量位置的导航测量系统(如惯性测量系统或全球定位系统)数据难以精确补偿LASAR阵列天线多个相位中心的运动误差。为了克服运动误差对阵列多天线相位中心影响,该文提出了一种基于最大锐度半正定规划的LASAR后向投影自聚焦成像算法。该算法建立了后向投影成像算法处理的线性数学模型,结合LASAR三维图像锐度最大化原则,利用迭代逼近最优方法对阵列多天线相位中心运动误差引入的相位误差进行估计。另外,为了提高自聚焦算法运算效率,仅采用主散射目标区域进行相位误差估计。仿真数据和实测数据验证了该算法的有效性。

高平面分辨率穿透成像雷达的研究与实现

穿透成像雷达利用电磁波对介质的穿透特性,对非金属介质内的不连续点进行高分辨成像。为实现该雷达系统的毫米级高平面分辨率、高探测效率和高便携适用性,设计了高平面分辨率穿透成像雷达系统。采用连续波体制和快速扫描空间采样方案以确保小型化和高成像性能,实现了一体化雷达射频前端;提出了参数未知条件下的自聚焦成像处理等数据处理方法,研制了穿透成像雷达系统样机,质量仅为2.5 kg,可单人手持操作;开展了成像分辨率和穿透能力实验测试,验证了方案的可行性和有效性。

基于贝叶斯压缩感知的FD-MIMO雷达Off-Grid目标稀疏成像

传统压缩感知(CS,Compressive Sensing)成像方法一般假定目标精确位于事先划定的成像网格上,实际中由于散射点空间位置是连续分布的,因此偏离网格(Off-grid)问题必然存在.这会引起真实回波测量值与默认系统观测矩阵之间失配,导致传统CS成像方法性能恶化.本文基于频率分集多输入多输出(FD-MIMO,Frequency Diverse Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)雷达,针对Off-grid目标提出了一种基于贝叶斯压缩感知的稀疏自聚焦(SAF-BCS,Sparse Autofocus Imaging Method Based on Bayesian Compressive Sensing)成像算法.该算法依据最大后验(MAP,Maximum A Posteriori)准则,利用变分贝叶斯学习技术求解含有Off-grid目标的稀疏像.与传统稀疏重构方法相比,所提方法充分利用了目标先验信息,可自适应调整参数,能够更好地反演稀疏目标,同时具有校正Off-grid目标的网格位置偏差以及估计噪声功率等优势.仿真结果表明SAF-BCS算法对网格划分不敏感,具有稳健的成像性能.

Entropy function optimization for radar imaging

The convergence performance of the minimum entropy auto-focusing（MEA） algorithm for inverse synthetic aperture radar（ISAR） imaging is analyzed by simulation. The results show that a local optimal solution problem exists in the MEA algorithm. The cost function of the MEA algorithm is not a downward-convex function of multidimensional phases to be compensated. Only when the initial values of the compensated phases are chosen to be near the global minimal point of the entropy function, the MEA algorithm can converge to a global optimal solution. To study the optimal solution problem of the MEA algorithm, a new scheme of entropy function optimization for radar imaging is presented. First, the initial values of the compensated phases are estimated by using the modified Doppler centroid tracking （DCT）algorithm. Since these values are obtained according to the maximum likelihood （ML） principle, the initial phases can be located near the optimal solution values. Then, a fast MEA algorithm is used for the local searching process and the global optimal solution can be obtained. The simulation results show that this scheme can realize the global optimization of the MEA algorithm and can avoid the selection and adjustment of parameters such as iteration step lengths, threshold values, etc.

THE REALIZATION OF THE PPP AUTOFOCUS METHOD IN PFA FOR SPOTLIGHT MODE SAR IMAGING

This paper first studies the phase errors for fine-resolution spotlight mode SAR imaging and decomposes the phase errors into two kinds, one is caused by translation and the other by rotation. Mathematical analysis and computer simulations show the above mentioned motion kinds and their corresponding damages on spotlight mode SAR imaging. Based on this analysis, a single PPP is introduced for spotlight mode SAR imaging with the PFA on the assumption that relative rotation between APC and imaged scene is uniform. The selected single point is used first to correct the quadratic and higher order phase errors and then to adjust the linear errors. After this compensation, the space-invariant phase errors caused by translation are almost corrected. Finally results are presented with the simulated data.