We agree that the covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) fare better than the uncovered stents as recurrent dysphagia due to tumor ingrowth is common with uncovered stent. Recent American College of Gastroenterol...We agree that the covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) fare better than the uncovered stents as recurrent dysphagia due to tumor ingrowth is common with uncovered stent. Recent American College of Gastroenterology Practice Guideline on the Role of Esophageal Stents in Benign and Malignant Diseases concludes that SEMSs cannot be routinely recommended in conjunction with chemo-radiation. The comparison of ultraflex and choostent in the Italian study found no difference in the palliation of dysphagia, rate of complications and survival rate.展开更多
Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with dif...Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with different compositions exert various influences on the swelling characteristic of black shale because of the complexity of its composition.Soils derived from black shale are most commonly developed on black shales with bedded horizons that generally have cutting and weathering profiles.This paper reports an axial free swelling study for soils derived from black shales and developed in the Lower Cambrian black shales in Chengkou County,Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China.To discuss the swelling characteristics of black shale under the influence of cations,an axial free swelling test was conducted on black shale samples while considering the initial water content,weathering stage of black shale,and different cationic solutions with various concentrations.Results showed that the swelling deformation curve of black shale could be divided into three phases:acceleration,deceleration,and stability.The axial swelling ratio eventually decreased with increasing water content,and the axial free swelling rate changed with the free expansion model of the exponential relationship.Under a constant initial water content,the axial swelling rate increased with the intensity of black shale weathering in the same immersion solution.When different types of immersion solutions were used,the cationic price was high and the axial swelling rate increased with rising cation valence.The changes in the swelling ratio were significant at a valence of one or two.The results of this study provide further understanding of the engineering geological characteristics of black shale and the geological hazards caused by the swelling characteristics of black shale.展开更多
文摘We agree that the covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) fare better than the uncovered stents as recurrent dysphagia due to tumor ingrowth is common with uncovered stent. Recent American College of Gastroenterology Practice Guideline on the Role of Esophageal Stents in Benign and Malignant Diseases concludes that SEMSs cannot be routinely recommended in conjunction with chemo-radiation. The comparison of ultraflex and choostent in the Italian study found no difference in the palliation of dysphagia, rate of complications and survival rate.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41172261 and 41472256)supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department (Grant Nos.13ZA0173 and 15ZA0121)
文摘Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with different compositions exert various influences on the swelling characteristic of black shale because of the complexity of its composition.Soils derived from black shale are most commonly developed on black shales with bedded horizons that generally have cutting and weathering profiles.This paper reports an axial free swelling study for soils derived from black shales and developed in the Lower Cambrian black shales in Chengkou County,Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China.To discuss the swelling characteristics of black shale under the influence of cations,an axial free swelling test was conducted on black shale samples while considering the initial water content,weathering stage of black shale,and different cationic solutions with various concentrations.Results showed that the swelling deformation curve of black shale could be divided into three phases:acceleration,deceleration,and stability.The axial swelling ratio eventually decreased with increasing water content,and the axial free swelling rate changed with the free expansion model of the exponential relationship.Under a constant initial water content,the axial swelling rate increased with the intensity of black shale weathering in the same immersion solution.When different types of immersion solutions were used,the cationic price was high and the axial swelling rate increased with rising cation valence.The changes in the swelling ratio were significant at a valence of one or two.The results of this study provide further understanding of the engineering geological characteristics of black shale and the geological hazards caused by the swelling characteristics of black shale.
