窄带成像联合自荧光支气管镜在肺癌诊断中的价值

背景与目的窄带成像(narrow-band imaging,NBI)与自荧光成像(autofluorescence imaging,AFI)是近几年临床诊断肺癌的支气管镜新技术。本研究旨在研究这两种技术的结合是否能提高肺癌诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法该项目共纳入137例疑似肺癌患者,所有患者的检查均基于Olympus Evis Lucera电子支气管镜系统,依次进行白光支气管镜(white light bronchoscopy,WLB)、窄带成像、自荧光成像检查,在每位患者镜下异常部位至少取3块组织送检。结果 WLB的敏感性、特异性分别为56.6%和62.5%;NBI成像的敏感性、特异性分别为71.3%和75.0%;AFI敏感性、特异性分别为82.2%和25.0%;NBI联合AFI的敏感性、特异性分别为94.6%和87.5%。NBI+AFI与AFI相比,两者敏感性及特异性均有统计学差异(P<0.01),与单用NBI相比,两者敏感性及特异性亦有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 NBI或AFI比WLB在肺癌诊断方面具有更好的敏感性,且联合使用NBI+AFI比其它任何一种单用技术具有更高的敏感性和特异性优势。

自荧光气管镜对中心型肺癌的诊断价值

目的研究自荧光支气管镜(AFB)对中心型肺癌的诊断价值。方法 2011年11月至2013年2月我院对36例中心型肺癌患者进行白光支气管(WLB)和AFB检查,其中男32例,女4例;年龄(58.56±9.84)岁。经鼻插入气管镜,先在白光下进行观察,再切换至荧光下进行观察,在白光下对所有标记的可疑部位(包括白光和荧光下记录)进行活检,并取白光和荧光下正常部位活检进行对照。结果共取活检180处,去除原发部位36处外,剩余144处活检进行统计处理。WLB和AFB对肺癌诊断的敏感性分别为62.5%、86.49%(P=0.0295),特异性分别为58.33%、85.57%(P=0.0027)。结论 AFB对中心型肺癌诊断的敏感性高于WLB,能够指导临床治疗。

在YUV色彩空间中自荧光气管镜图像定量方法的临床应用

背景与目的通过对不同病理类型的自荧光气管镜(autofluorescence bronchoscope,AFB)图像目标区域的YUV定量分析,确定区分不同疾病类型的最佳判别指标,探讨AFB在中央型支气管肺癌诊断中的价值。方法对研究对象进行白光气管镜+AFB检查,二者在镜下存在异常者行活检。并对荧光图像显示病变部位通过MATLAB图像测量软件进行YUV定量分析。根据正常支气管粘膜、炎症、低级别上皮样瘤变、高级别上皮样瘤变、浸润性癌的病理结果分组。研究各组与YUV值间的关系,所得数据采用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学处理。结果 Y值在浸润性癌和LGD组间存在统计学差异(P=0.040),在浸润性癌和炎症组也存在明显统计学差异(P<0.001)。其他的各组间无统计学差异。U值在浸润性癌和HGD、LGD、炎症、正常支气管粘膜组之间存在统计学差异(P<0.050),能较好鉴别正常粘膜及恶性病变。V值在浸润性癌和LGD组(P=0.003)、炎症组(P<0.001)、正常支气管粘膜组(P<0.001)存在统计学差异,能有效鉴别浸润性癌及良性疾病。V值在正常支气管粘膜组与HGD组(P=0.001)、炎症组(P=0.004)间比较也具有统计学差异。结论利用YUV色彩空间系统针对支气管和肺良恶性疾病鉴别有一定临床应用价值,为临床气管镜诊断肺癌及癌前病变提供有效科学依据。

舒适护理在自荧光支气管镜检查患者120例中的应用与分析

目的分析舒适护理在自荧光支气管镜检查中的应用。方法选取120例需要做自荧光支气管镜检查的患者,随机地将其分成两组:观察组60例和对照组60例。对照组给予患者常规的护理,观察组在对照组的基础上再给予舒适护理。结果从手术前患者心情的紧张度来说,观察组的患者明显比对照组放松(P<0.05);观察组患者对手术中医护人员及医疗设备的满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);手术后患者发生不良反应的概率观察组明显比对照组低(P<0.05)。结论舒适护理在自荧光支气管检查中的效果显著。

自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体的合成及其对Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的痕量检测

分别以Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)为模板分子,壳聚糖为功能单体,戊二醛为交联剂,用油包水(W/O)方法合成了自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体。探讨了pH、交联时间、交联剂用量、振荡器转数、油相和水相体积比对自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体的影响,得到制备自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体的适宜条件:pH≈8、交联时间5 h、戊二醛的量2.5 mL、振荡器转数250 r·min^(-1)、油相和水相的体积比8∶3。同时探讨了金属离子自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体对Cd(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的检测效果。结果表明,自荧光壳聚糖人工抗体实现对Cd(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)高选择性识别,高敏感性检测,检出限为10-9mol·L^(-1)。

基于拉曼光谱和自荧光光谱的柑橘黄龙病快速检测方法

为了快速检测黄龙病这一柑橘毁灭性病害,分析了柑橘黄龙病样本和健康样本的自荧光和拉曼光谱差异,建立了基于自荧光光谱、拉曼光谱和混合光谱的PLS-DA模型,进行了模型的结果比较,最后绘制了三种模型的分类器特征曲线ROC,通过曲线下面积AUC参数进一步评价了模型的性能。试验结果表明,柑橘黄龙病叶片样本和健康叶片样本的自荧光光谱和拉曼光谱存在差异信息。在785nm波长激光诱导下,柑橘叶片样本都产生了比较强的自荧光。黄龙病叶片的自荧光相对于健康样本的自荧光在小于1203cm^-1范围更弱,而在大于1206cm^-1范围更强,其下降的斜率(绝对值)相对健康样本更小。在典型的黄龙病样本和健康样本的拉曼光谱数据中,均可发现具有以下拉曼峰且具有一致性:920cm^-1,1160cm^-1,1289cm^-1,1331cm^-1和1529cm^-1。黄龙病样本和健康样本相比在1257cm^-1、1396cm^-1、1446cm^-1、1601 cm^-1和1622cm^-1具有更大的拉曼峰值强度和光谱带宽,在1006cm^-1、1160cm^-1、1191cm^-1和1529cm^-1位置谱峰强度较弱,提示黄龙病样本的类胡萝卜素含量较低。基于自荧光光谱、拉曼光谱和混合光谱三种光谱的PLS-DA模型鉴别的准确率分别为86.08%、98.17%和94.75%。进一步计算三种模型的ROC曲线下面积AUC参数分别为0.9313、0.9991和0.9875,拉曼光谱模型的AUC值最大,也表明拉曼光谱模型的鉴别效果最优。拉曼光谱分析技术可以成为探索柑橘黄龙病快速诊断鉴别的新途径。

自荧光气管镜在支气管肺癌诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨自荧光气管镜(AFB)在支气管肺癌临床诊断中的应用价值。方法抽选2013年2月至2016年1月我院肿瘤外科收治的150例支气管肺癌患者,采用自发性荧光电子支气管镜依次进行普通支气管镜检(WLB)及AFB检查,将两者检查结果与病理结果进行对比,统计两种检查的符合率及准确率。结果在病理检查确诊的150例支气管肺癌患者中,AFB检查的符合率为94.7%,明显高于WLB检查的符合率82.7%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);AFB检查在淋巴结转移、临床分期中的检查结果明显优于WLB检查(P<0.05),且AFB检查在淋巴结转移、临床分期的检查结果与病理结果比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);而两种检查方式在肺癌类型、病变部位中的检查结果与病理结果相近,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 AFB能有效提高支气管肺癌诊断准确率,可帮助明确淋巴结转移及临床分期状况,具有较高的临床应用及推广价值。

自荧光气管镜在支气管肺癌诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨自荧光气管镜（AFB）在支气管肺癌早期诊断中的价值。方法对198例临床怀疑支气管肺癌患者采用AFB联合白光气管镜（WLB）检查的诊断结果进行回顾性分析，将病理诊断为恶性肿瘤和不典型增生定义为阳性，正常黏膜、增生、慢性炎症定义为阴性，统计AFB与WLB镜下异常表现及病理结果，比较其对早期肺癌诊断的敏感度。结果198例中AFB表现异常者186例，WLB表现异常者133例，160例病理阳性结果中癌变黏膜156例，重度不典型增生4例。AFB发现异常病理证实癌变者156例，假阳性30例，敏感性97．5％，假阳性率16．1％，WLB发现异常病理证实者128例，假阳性5例，敏感性80．0％，假阳性率3．7％，两者在敏感性和假阳性率的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于支气管内癌前病变和早期肺癌的定位诊断，AFB检查比WIB更加敏感。

自荧光支气管镜在非小细胞肺癌术前评估中的应用

目的探讨自荧光支气管镜（AFB）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者术前评估中的应用价值。方法将254例患者随机分为白光支气管镜（WLB）检查组和AFB检查组，比较两组手术患者的切缘癌细胞阳性率、切缘不典型增生阳性率，和两组术后患者的复发率及生存率。结果AFB组NSCLC术后切缘癌细胞阳性率（1．9％）及不典型增生阳性率（3．8％），显著低于WLB组（5．7％、23．8％）（χ^2=21．755，P〈0．05），AFB组术后局部复发率（10．4％）显著低于WLB组（38．5％）（χ^2=23．692，P〈0．05），1、2、3年生存率AFB组分别为91．5％、78．3％、63．2％显著高于WLB组69．7％、48．4％、33．6％（χ^2=16．815、14．167、13．413，P〈0．05）。结论AFB有助于识别NSCLC并确定其边界，为手术治疗提供可靠依据，降低术后患者局部复发率，提高患者生存率，在NSCLC患者术前评估中有重要意义。

自荧光支气管镜用于非小细胞肺癌手术评估的临床观察

目的 探讨自荧光支气管镜在肺癌手术评估中的作用及对手术方式选择的意义。方法 回顾性分析32例行手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者资料。患者术前常规行普通白光支气管镜（WLB）和自荧光支气管镜（AFB）检查。比较WLB与AFB检查肿瘤侵犯黏膜情况,根据黏膜活检结果,判定肿瘤生长边界,从而决定手术方式。结果 32例手术患者中19例行肺叶切除术,1例行气管隆突重建术,8例行袖状肺叶切除术,4例因发生气管内转移而选择其他治疗。8例行袖状肺叶切除术的患者中3例为WLB和AFB共同发现,5例为AFB单独发现。4例无法手术患者中2例为WLB和AFB共同发现,2例为AFB单独发现。AFB对支气管黏膜癌变敏感性显著高于WLB（P＜0.05）。结论 AFB是一种安全高效的检查方法,与WLB相比能显著提高肺癌检查的敏感性,对手术方式的选择具有重要意义。

自荧光支气管镜在非小细胞肺癌气管支气管受侵T分期的应用

目的探讨自荧光支气管镜（AFB）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）气管支气管腔受侵T分期的应用和临床价值。方法回顾性分析60例行AFB检查的NSCLC。患者常规行白光支气管镜（WLB）和AFB检查。比较WLB与AFB检查对NSCLC气管支气管腔内肿瘤边缘的判定，根据肿瘤边界黏膜活检结果，确定气管支气管腔内肿瘤受侵T分期。结果60例患者中WLB检查T分期情况：T125例，T220例，T39例，T46例。AFB检查T分期情况：T130例，T216例，T36例，T48例。病理检查T分期情况：T129例，T217例，T36例，T48例。WLB与病理检查对肺癌T分期比较：T2、T3、T4期差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），TI期差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。AFB与病理检查对肺癌T分期比较，差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）。结论AFB较WLB在NSCLC分期上有一定优势，准确性更高。但由于AFB特异性稍差，在个别患者存在假阳性，因此必须结合WLB检查综合判定结果。

自荧光支气管镜临床应用典型病例分析

目的通过临床典型病例对自荧光支气管镜（AFB）的主要临床用途加以阐述。方法回顾性收集本院自2009年6月至2009年9月联合应用普通光源支气管镜（WLB）和AFB检查的全部56例病例，并从中选取了7个典型病例对AFB的临床应用价值加以阐述。结果1例是AFB诊断肺癌早期黏膜病变；1例是AFB纠正肺癌假阳性诊断；2例是AFB用于非小细胞肺癌患者术前指导手术范围的界定，决定治疗方式；2例是AFB检查发现月市．痛术后肿瘤残端复发及新发病灶；1例是发现异物的特殊病例。结论WLB联合AFB较单独WLB检查在诊断早期中央型肺癌方面显示出更高的敏感性、特异性，是筛查和诊断早期肺癌的有效工具，同时也能够指导术前选择恰当的治疗方式，术后早期发现肿瘤复发。

Properties of Self-recoverable Mechanoluminescence Phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) and Its Information Encryption Application

A novel self-recoverable mechanoluminescent phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) was developed by the high-tem-perature solid-state reaction method,and its luminescence properties were investigated.Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+)can produce red mechanoluminescence,and importantly,it shows good repeatability.The mechanoluminescence of Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+) results from the piezoelectric field generated inside the material under stress,rather than the charge carriers stored in the traps,which can be confirmed by the multiple cycles of mechanoluminescence tests and heat treatment tests.The mechanoluminescence color can be turned from red to green by co-doping varied concentrations of Tb^(3+),which may be meaningful for encrypted letter writing.The encryption scheme for secure communication was devised by harnessing mechanoluminescence patterns in diverse shapes and ASCII codes,which shows good encryption performance.The results suggest that the mechanoluminescence phosphor Ca_(5)Ga_(6)O_(14)∶Eu^(3+),Tb^(3+)may be applied to the optical information encryption.

Isolation and Chromosomal Mapping of a Corn B Chromosome Specific RAPDs

B染色体存在于多种动植物中 ,具有很多独特的性状。B染色体与正常染色体在DNA组成方面十分相似 ,寻找B染色体特异序列一直是B染色体研究的难点和热点。通过对含有和不含有B染色体的两种玉米 (ZeamaysL .)基因组进行了RAPD分析 ,筛选到一个B染色体特异性分子标记B480。该标记与玉米的自主复制起始序列ARS1和ARS2同源 ,特别是该序列中的 2 5bp出现在多种模式生物基因组中。FISH的结果显示 。

Autofluorescence excitation-emission matrices for diagnosis of colonic cancer

AIM: To investigate the autofluorescence spectroscopic differences in normal and adenomatous coionic tissues and to determine the optimal excitation wavelengths for subsequent study and clinical application. METHODS: Normal and adenomatous coionic tissues were obtained from patients during surgery. A FL/FS920 combined TCSPC spectrofluorimeter and a lifetime spectrometer system were used for fluorescence measurement. Fluorescence excitation wavelengths varying from 260 to 540 nm were used to induce the autofluorescence spectra, and the corresponding emission spectra were recorded from a range starting 20 nm above the excitation wavelength and extending to 800 nm. Emission spectra were assembled into a three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and an excitation-emission matrix (EEM) to exploit endogenous fluorophores and diagnostic information. Then emission spectra of normal and adenomatous coionic tissues at certain excitation wavelengths were compared to determine the optimal excitation wavelengths for diagnosis of coionic cancer. RESULTS: When compared to normal tissues, low NAD (P)H and FAD, but high amino acids and endogenous phorphyrins of protoporphyrin IX characterized the high-grade malignant coionic tissues. The optimal excitation wavelengths for diagnosis of coionic cancer were about 340, 380, 460, and 540 nm. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in autofluorescence peaks and its intensities can be observed in normal and adenomatous coionic tissues. Autofluorescence EEMs are able to identify coionic tissues.

Optical molecular imaging for detection of Barrett's-associated neoplasia

Recent advancements in the endoscopic imaging of Barrett's esophagus can be used to probe a wide range of optical properties that are altered with neoplastic progression.This review summarizes relevant changes in optical properties as well as imaging approaches that measures those changes.Wide-field imaging approaches include narrow-band imaging that measures changes in light scattering and absorption,and autofluorescence imaging that measure changes in endogenous fluorophores.High-resolution imaging approaches include optical coherence tomography,endocytoscopy,confocal microendoscopy,and high-resolution microendoscopy.These technologies,some coupled with an appropriate contrast agent,can measure differences in glandular morphology,nuclear morphology,or vascular alterations associated with neoplasia.Advances in targeted contrast agents are further discussed.Studies that have explored these technologies are highlighted;as are the advantages and limitations of each.

Blocking NF-kB nuclear translocation leads to p53-related autophagy activation and cell apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.

Effect of ethanol addition on flame characteristics of waste oil biodiesel

Biodiesel is a kind of clean and renewable energy. The effect of ethanol addition on the flame characteristics of waste oil biodiesel is studied by using OH-PLIF technique from the perspective of OH radical evolution. Ethanol addition leads to the appearance of diffusion flame reaction interface ahead of schedule and shortens the diffusion flame height. The experimental results show a linear correlation between the flame height and the fuel flow rate for a given fuel and oxidant. The same conclusion is drawn from the theoretical analysis of the approximate model. In addition. ethanol addition makes the average OH signal intensity of flame at different fuel flow rate tend to be consistent and the fuel flow rate enlarge where the flame field shows the strongest oxidation performance. Average OH signal intensity begins to weaken at larger fuel flow rate, which indicates that fuel flow rate of fuels blended with ethanol can change in larger range and does not significantly affect the uniformity of combustion.

Gene therapy targeted to telomerase in HCC by AF-hTERT-TK/GCV

Objective： The aim of this study was to observe the affection of targeted therapy to plasmid AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK in HCC cell line HepG2. Methods： We constructed therapeutic plasmid pGL3-hTERT-TK （containing suicide gene TK that promoted by promoter of hTERT） and was conjugated with AF-liposome （a protein that can combine with the receptor ASPGR on HCC cell surface）. Then we transfected HCC cell line HepG2 and hepatic cell L02 with AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK, observed the effects of therapeutic plasmid AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK for HCC cell line growth and apoptosis in vitro by Flow cytometry and Tun- nel method. Results： Our results showed that TK gene was 1100 bp in plasmid pGL3-hTERT-TK. Plasmid pGL3-hTERT-TK can effectively transfect HCC cell HepG2 and the transfection rate was 8.91%. By recognizing and combining effects of recep- tor protein ASPGR on HCC cell surface the therapeutic plasmid AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK could easily enter into HCC cell HepG2 and induce its apeptosis. The apoptosis rate was 85.87% while only 8.65% in L02 cell. Four days after AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK transfected HepG2 was intervention by ganciclovir （GCV）, a lot of apeptotic bodies were found by Tunnel analysis, while little apoptotic body was found in hepatic cell L02. Conclusion： AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK can target to HCC cell line and induce it to apoptesis, almost has no influence on hepatic cell L02. AF-pGL3-hTERT-TK has the potential therapeutic effects for HCC.