自裁学说或原则(Kompetenz—Kompetenz或competence-competence)在商事仲裁中的普遍采纳，业内人士认为它是现代仲裁兴旺的重要条件。若笔者尝试理解与诠释该原则的合理内核，便是，审案者才能作出裁断；仲裁员审理争议，他是自己管辖...自裁学说或原则(Kompetenz—Kompetenz或competence-competence)在商事仲裁中的普遍采纳，业内人士认为它是现代仲裁兴旺的重要条件。若笔者尝试理解与诠释该原则的合理内核，便是，审案者才能作出裁断；仲裁员审理争议，他是自己管辖权的决断者(法官)。1965年的《解决国家与他国国民间投资争端公约》(《华盛顿公约》)[第41(1)条]与联合国的UNCITRAl Model Law[第16(1)条]及许多仲裁机构的规则均明确规定由仲裁庭决定自己的管辖权。由于历史与现实的原因(后者主要指现行仲裁法第20条的规定)，我国在接受这一原则上与国际的趋势不吻合，包括中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(简称贸仲委)的规则，由于没有采纳这一原则，长期以来，国际仲裁界对此颇有微词。展开更多
While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in fav...While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in favor of this understanding is based on liberty. The main argument against is the so called formal argument. In relation to the pro argument, liberty can be either juridical or factual. Juridical liberty has no value without factual liberty, because the right to liberty is only put into practice if one has the factual preconditions for its exercise. The argument against is that their justiciability displaces the competence of the elaboration of public politics from Legislative and Executive to Judiciary Power, what violates the principles of separation of powers and democracy. Nevertheless they are subjective rights indeed, but special ones： they are primafacie subjective rights. There is only one subjective right that is a priori considered definitive： the right to Existenzminimum） Its content is not settled, but it is quite unequivocal that the rights to simple housing, fundamental education and minimum level of medical assistance are part of it. Existenzminimum is then related to the minimum necessary for factual liberty. Against the justiciability of fundamental social rights, there are also arguments related to juridification of politics, administrative discretion and the possible reserve clause. The counter-arguments refer to original and exceptional competence, necessary objective proof of state＇s economical incapability, prohibition of State＇s will, principles of legality and of non-obviation o f Judiciary jurisdiction, Existenzminimun guarantee.展开更多
文摘自裁学说或原则(Kompetenz—Kompetenz或competence-competence)在商事仲裁中的普遍采纳，业内人士认为它是现代仲裁兴旺的重要条件。若笔者尝试理解与诠释该原则的合理内核，便是，审案者才能作出裁断；仲裁员审理争议，他是自己管辖权的决断者(法官)。1965年的《解决国家与他国国民间投资争端公约》(《华盛顿公约》)[第41(1)条]与联合国的UNCITRAl Model Law[第16(1)条]及许多仲裁机构的规则均明确规定由仲裁庭决定自己的管辖权。由于历史与现实的原因(后者主要指现行仲裁法第20条的规定)，我国在接受这一原则上与国际的趋势不吻合，包括中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(简称贸仲委)的规则，由于没有采纳这一原则，长期以来，国际仲裁界对此颇有微词。
文摘While fundamental individual rights are unquestionably taken as subjective rights, the same does not happen with fundamental social rights. If they are subjective rights, they are justiciable. The main argument in favor of this understanding is based on liberty. The main argument against is the so called formal argument. In relation to the pro argument, liberty can be either juridical or factual. Juridical liberty has no value without factual liberty, because the right to liberty is only put into practice if one has the factual preconditions for its exercise. The argument against is that their justiciability displaces the competence of the elaboration of public politics from Legislative and Executive to Judiciary Power, what violates the principles of separation of powers and democracy. Nevertheless they are subjective rights indeed, but special ones： they are primafacie subjective rights. There is only one subjective right that is a priori considered definitive： the right to Existenzminimum） Its content is not settled, but it is quite unequivocal that the rights to simple housing, fundamental education and minimum level of medical assistance are part of it. Existenzminimum is then related to the minimum necessary for factual liberty. Against the justiciability of fundamental social rights, there are also arguments related to juridification of politics, administrative discretion and the possible reserve clause. The counter-arguments refer to original and exceptional competence, necessary objective proof of state＇s economical incapability, prohibition of State＇s will, principles of legality and of non-obviation o f Judiciary jurisdiction, Existenzminimun guarantee.
