The present study aimed to contribute to our understanding of foreign language anxiety, in general, and in particular speaking anxiety in Kazakhstani environment. It was the first attempt to fill this gap and reveal m...The present study aimed to contribute to our understanding of foreign language anxiety, in general, and in particular speaking anxiety in Kazakhstani environment. It was the first attempt to fill this gap and reveal more about the speaking anxiety in the Elementary level of Kazakh students group, having considered how anxiety might have affected speaking and overall classroom performance. This study addressed the issue of identifying foreign language speaking anxiety and the major consequences of language speaking anxiety reported by students learning English in the evaluation of the foreign language classroom. Anxiety levels in Kazakh students of English were studied through self-evaluation using a scale adapted from the FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale) developed by E. K. Horwitz, M. B. Horwitz, and Cope (1986). As revealed by the results of this study, English language speaking anxiety does exist among the Kazakh second-year university students who participated in this study. And too, the study revealed that these students have had a number of negative experiences with speaking activities in a foreign language class.展开更多
The traditional models of evaluating human resources are mainly based upon the discounted value of future payment, but these models fail to take the employment risk into account, and often neglect the uncertainty and ...The traditional models of evaluating human resources are mainly based upon the discounted value of future payment, but these models fail to take the employment risk into account, and often neglect the uncertainty and underes- timate the human resource value. This paper first introduces the option theory, and then presents human resources as the real commodity for the call option. Second, concerning the choices for the uncertainty decision, the decisions of delay- ing the employment of the human resources, expanding or deducing the scale of human resources, giving up or chang- ing human resources, etc., are made to deal with the future uncertainties appropriately. This will cause the investment to be more beneficial or to reduce the loss. Finally, the expand option theory of real options is used to evaluate the value of reinvestment in human resources, and the expand option theory could be provided as a reference for management im- plementation and decision-making in human resources.展开更多
Internal control self-assessment is an internal control audit method which consists of the auditors' audit and entity managers together constitute an evaluation team. then result in a report of CSA which include the ...Internal control self-assessment is an internal control audit method which consists of the auditors' audit and entity managers together constitute an evaluation team. then result in a report of CSA which include the defects finding and improvement plan. As the product of it. research on the CSA report is very important. In this research base on the real data to study, and analysis shows that the quality of report in Chinese CSA were not high.展开更多
Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct th...Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct the index of system, and complete the establishment of model, in order to avoid the serious subjectivity, and using statistical and measurement methods test the reliability index, analyze the validity of the evaluation index system and completeness. Finally, the paper validate the practicability of the model.展开更多
Automated writing evaluation (AWE) technology is being adopted in classrooms in China and the USA. This paper presents the results of a case study of the application of AWE in Dalian, China. The quasi-experimental s...Automated writing evaluation (AWE) technology is being adopted in classrooms in China and the USA. This paper presents the results of a case study of the application of AWE in Dalian, China. The quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2010 in Chinese middle school English language classrooms. An effect size of 0.30 was found in favor of the experimental group using AWE as an online formative assessment. Student survey responses and teacher observations are presented as convergent evidence to illustrate the impact AWE technology has on teachers, students, and student achievement in English writing.展开更多
The water purification function of natural wetland systems is widely recognized,but rarely studied or scientifically evaluated.Extensive studies have been carried out by various international wetland research communit...The water purification function of natural wetland systems is widely recognized,but rarely studied or scientifically evaluated.Extensive studies have been carried out by various international wetland research communities to quantify the water quality improvement ability of the natural wetlands,in order to maintain such ability and wetland ecological health.This study aims to evaluate the purification function of Zhalong Wetland in China for removing total nitrogen(TN) and phosphorus(TP),based on ex-situ experiments and the development of a combined water quantity-quality model.Experiments and model predictions were carried out with different input TP and TN concentrations.Statistical analyses demonstrated that the relative errors between model simulations and experimental observations for TN and TP were 8.6% and 12.4%,respectively.With water retention time being maintained at 90 d,the removal rate of these pollutants could not reach the required Grade V standards,if the inflow TN concentration was over 42 mg L-1,or the input TP concentration was over 14 mg L-1.The simulation results also demonstrated that,even with Grade V quality standard compliance,when the water inflow from surrounding industries and agriculture lands into Zhalong Wetland reaches 0.3×10 8 m 3 a-1,the maximum TN and TP loads that the reserve can cope with are 1.26×10 3 t a-1 and 0.42×10 3 t a-1,respectively.Overall,this study has produced a significant amount of information that can be used for the protection of water quality and ecological health of Zhalong Wetland.展开更多
文摘The present study aimed to contribute to our understanding of foreign language anxiety, in general, and in particular speaking anxiety in Kazakhstani environment. It was the first attempt to fill this gap and reveal more about the speaking anxiety in the Elementary level of Kazakh students group, having considered how anxiety might have affected speaking and overall classroom performance. This study addressed the issue of identifying foreign language speaking anxiety and the major consequences of language speaking anxiety reported by students learning English in the evaluation of the foreign language classroom. Anxiety levels in Kazakh students of English were studied through self-evaluation using a scale adapted from the FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale) developed by E. K. Horwitz, M. B. Horwitz, and Cope (1986). As revealed by the results of this study, English language speaking anxiety does exist among the Kazakh second-year university students who participated in this study. And too, the study revealed that these students have had a number of negative experiences with speaking activities in a foreign language class.
基金Projects BJY043 supported by National Social Science Foundation of China and NJ04013 supported by Inner Mongolia Education Bureau Higher EducationResearch
文摘The traditional models of evaluating human resources are mainly based upon the discounted value of future payment, but these models fail to take the employment risk into account, and often neglect the uncertainty and underes- timate the human resource value. This paper first introduces the option theory, and then presents human resources as the real commodity for the call option. Second, concerning the choices for the uncertainty decision, the decisions of delay- ing the employment of the human resources, expanding or deducing the scale of human resources, giving up or chang- ing human resources, etc., are made to deal with the future uncertainties appropriately. This will cause the investment to be more beneficial or to reduce the loss. Finally, the expand option theory of real options is used to evaluate the value of reinvestment in human resources, and the expand option theory could be provided as a reference for management im- plementation and decision-making in human resources.
文摘Internal control self-assessment is an internal control audit method which consists of the auditors' audit and entity managers together constitute an evaluation team. then result in a report of CSA which include the defects finding and improvement plan. As the product of it. research on the CSA report is very important. In this research base on the real data to study, and analysis shows that the quality of report in Chinese CSA were not high.
文摘Aiming at the selection of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy DH methods in the previous studies, this paper evaluate the qualitative index system using expert questionnaire, the self-learning BP neural network model to construct the index of system, and complete the establishment of model, in order to avoid the serious subjectivity, and using statistical and measurement methods test the reliability index, analyze the validity of the evaluation index system and completeness. Finally, the paper validate the practicability of the model.
文摘Automated writing evaluation (AWE) technology is being adopted in classrooms in China and the USA. This paper presents the results of a case study of the application of AWE in Dalian, China. The quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2010 in Chinese middle school English language classrooms. An effect size of 0.30 was found in favor of the experimental group using AWE as an online formative assessment. Student survey responses and teacher observations are presented as convergent evidence to illustrate the impact AWE technology has on teachers, students, and student achievement in English writing.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q06-2)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No.2010CB428404)
文摘The water purification function of natural wetland systems is widely recognized,but rarely studied or scientifically evaluated.Extensive studies have been carried out by various international wetland research communities to quantify the water quality improvement ability of the natural wetlands,in order to maintain such ability and wetland ecological health.This study aims to evaluate the purification function of Zhalong Wetland in China for removing total nitrogen(TN) and phosphorus(TP),based on ex-situ experiments and the development of a combined water quantity-quality model.Experiments and model predictions were carried out with different input TP and TN concentrations.Statistical analyses demonstrated that the relative errors between model simulations and experimental observations for TN and TP were 8.6% and 12.4%,respectively.With water retention time being maintained at 90 d,the removal rate of these pollutants could not reach the required Grade V standards,if the inflow TN concentration was over 42 mg L-1,or the input TP concentration was over 14 mg L-1.The simulation results also demonstrated that,even with Grade V quality standard compliance,when the water inflow from surrounding industries and agriculture lands into Zhalong Wetland reaches 0.3×10 8 m 3 a-1,the maximum TN and TP loads that the reserve can cope with are 1.26×10 3 t a-1 and 0.42×10 3 t a-1,respectively.Overall,this study has produced a significant amount of information that can be used for the protection of water quality and ecological health of Zhalong Wetland.