高等教育普及化时代香港地区自资专上教育发展图景探析

知识型社会的到来,对教育投资、人才培养、知识创造等提出了更高的要求。香港地区自资专上教育凭借其在管理机构、政策支持、学生资助、质量评估等方面的特色,铸就独特的私立高等教育管理模式,提供更多元的入学方式,支撑香港地区成为亚太地区高等教育枢纽。基于香港地区学龄人口的持续减少、入读非本地大学人数的攀升以及人口移民移居等因素,自资专上院校有着强烈的优化、转型与升级需求,以继续提供质量上乘、数量充足、形式多样、多元灵活的升学路径,拓宽中学毕业生、在职人士选择中学后教育的途径。

医学人类学视角下侗族村落多元化医疗模式研究

侗族村寨中多元医疗模式的形成与共存是医学人类学研究内容之一。侗族村寨多元化医疗体系包括传统医学、宗教巫术和现代医学在侗族文化中的交融与互补。在文化“主位”“客位”分析下,阐释了多元医疗模式的文化合理性,展示了文化内部的自给自足和对外部知识的开放接纳。从文化功能、文化自资的角度审视,发现多元医疗模式不仅提供全面的健康保障,而且强化社会凝聚、文化传承和身份认同。研究揭示了侗族村寨多元医疗模式的必然性,体现了社区对自身文化、自然环境和现代社会的深刻理解,为跨文化医学的理论与实践提供了丰富的经验范本。

香港高校自资式研究院修课课程:特点、发展趋势与面临的挑战

作为香港高等教育体系的重要部分,现有11所香港高校开设自资式研究修课课程。自资式研究院修课课程普遍具有学制短、实用性项目课程为主、课程设置灵活、兼读制模式及本地生为主等特点。近年来,随着香港逐步推进教育产业发展及区域教育枢纽建设,自资式修课研究生教育规模稳步增长,项目发展呈多样化趋势,且内地生规模迅速扩大。同时,香港高校修课式研究生教育也面临着来自规模偏小带来的集聚效应不足,课程设置高度市场化带来的办学风险等方面的挑战。

煤经草酸酯制高价值含氧化学品的技术进展

中国的能源结构是富煤少油,开发煤炭资源的高效清洁利用是中国重点发展方向。煤经合成气羰基化后可以合成草酸酯(DMO),进一步加氢可获得具有高附加值的含氧化学品:如乙醇酸甲酯(MG)、乙二醇(EG)、乙醇(E0)等。其中,MG可以制备可降解材料聚乙醇酸(PGA),EG可以合成聚乙二醇(PEG),EO可以合成醋酸乙酯(EAC),应用前景十分广泛。本工作围绕DMO加氢反应展开,分析了各个加氢过程中所使用催化剂的研究状况,重点归纳了催化剂的组成调控、催化作用机理以及新催化剂制备技术,分析了DMO加氢催化剂研发过程存在的问题和挑战,指出了加氢产物以及下游产品的应用瓶颈及未来发展趋势。

Natural Resources Balance Sheet:Chinese Characteristics and International Practices

This paper examines the explorations and practices of environmental- economic accounting in the international community, provides a comprehensive overview and evaluation of the nature and research progress of China＇s natural resources balance sheet, reviews the relevant systems of China＇s natural resources balance sheet and the development of ecological civilization, identifies the issues in the formulation of natural resources balance sheet and makes suggestions for improvement.

真鲷(Pagrosomus major)肠上皮组织中类立克 次体的超微形态与细胞病理学的初步研究

运用电镜技术对青岛地区患病真鲷进行了病原体检测，在肠上 皮组织细胞中发现一种类立克次体病原体。研究表明，该病原体具有完整的细胞包膜, 内部 具有低电子密度拟核，在胞浆中以两种类型存在-繁殖型和静止型；繁殖型类立克次体呈圆 形、椭圆、哑铃、长棒状，其长轴为0.2～0.8μm，形成包涵体，以分裂方式进行增殖；静止 型类立克次体为圆形，中等电子密度，直径为40～70nm，由繁殖型类立克次体出芽增殖形成 ；线粒体参与了包涵体的形成和类立克次体的增殖过程。细胞病理变化为上皮细胞肿胀并部 分解体，微绒毛破坏，线粒体变形，部分内嵴溶解；内质网膨胀，核糖体脱落。类立克次体 是导致鱼类病害的重要病原体。

大西洋浪蛤(Spisula solidissima)生态习性的初步观察

1998年10至1999年8月对大西洋 浪蛤 的生态习性进行详细观察结果表明，大西洋浪蛤 的生存温度为－1℃～30℃，以10℃ ～25℃范围较适，盐度范围为10.0～51.5，pH范围4～9。营埋栖生活，潜居砂质底，洞穴的 深度与贝类长度相当，依靠水交换滤取食物，饵料以各种小型浮游生物及有机碎屑为主，对 种类没有明显的选择性。

Climatic Conditions of Regional Distribution of Characteristic Agriculture——With West Celery Industrial Belt in Huluhe Basin as an Example

[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data during crop growth period in 3 automatic weather stations along Huluhe Basin were carried out regression analysis, and the climate condition of west celery industrial belt was conducted hierarchical clustering analysis by SPSS. [Result] West celery industrial belt along Huluhe Basin could be divided into 2 growing regions： partially southern warm, rainy and early mature region, partially northern cold, rainless and late mature region. Years of practice proved that the small climate differences within 2 planting regions were more obvious, so these 2 planting regions could be further divided into 4 subre- glens： Xinglong warm, rainy and early mature subregion, Xiaohe thermal, rainy and partially early mature region, Jiqiang cool, rainless and middle mature subregion and Xinying cold, rainless and late mature subregion. [Conclusion] The study has refer- ence value for determination of different sowing time, different fertilizer and irrigation scheme, pests and diseased control and marketing time of west celery under mulch- sanded bunch plantation in market economic condition.

别忙着“出书”

平时爱写点小文章,且上不得"档次"。前些日子,一朋友来电询问:"怎么不出本书?"这话让我的背皮子"麻"了好长一阵子。我居然够得上资格出书?真有点滑稽!在我的心目中,著书立说非名家大师或有身份的人不可,我等怎能妄抬自己,混进"出书"者之列,叫人贻笑大方。

Dilemma and Exploration of Resource Sharing in University Museums of Natural History——using Natural History Museum of Zhengzhou Normal University as an example

A natural history museum is a museum for collection, researching and presenting natural environment and natural heritages about natural history. In the research, based on the analysis on necessity of university museums’ services to society in resources sharing, the difficulties and dilemmas were summarized in sharing resources of museums and the approaches for resources sharing were explored with the case of Natural History Museum of Zhengzhou Normal University in order to investigate the way for better services of university museum to the public.

Discussion on Sustainable Urbanization in Tibet

After 1995, Tibet entered the stage of accelerated urbanization. The large floating population fi＇om outside Tibet has become the driving force for urban expansion and the rising of urbanization rate. After analyzing the changes of urban functions and spatial structure of urban system in Tibet, this paper argues that before 1995 the urbanization in Tibet was mainly driven by administrative function, resulting in certain population migration, whereas in the past decade economic function has become the key factor accelerating urban expansion with the market mechanism creating large-scale inflow of population. The floating population-based urbanization and high population growth in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Tibet has promoted the regional economic prosperity, but exerted resources and environmental pressure and brought some problems for Tibetan culture protection at the same time. The conflicts and contradictions between urbanization and the sustainability of natural resources, environment and social development have been intensified. Addressing these problems, this paper proposes some countermeasures for improving the sustainability of Tibetan urbanization.

Effect of Cropland Occupation and Supplement on Light-temperature Potential Productivity in China from 2000 to 2008

There are more people but less land in China,so food safety has always been a most important issue government concerned.With continuous population increase,economic development and environment protection,cropland occupation and supplement are unavoidable.It not only leads to the variation of cropland area,but also makes the light-temperature potential productivity per unit area different due to regional climate differentiation,therefore impacts the total potential productivity and food output eventually.So,it is necessary to analyze the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and to study its impact on total potential productivity,which is significant to reasonably develop natural resources and instruct agricultural arrangement.This study firstly discussed the variation and distribution of occupation and supplement croplands in China from 2000 to 2008,then analyzed the climate differentiation between occupation and supplement cropland areas and its effect on light-temperature potential productivity.The results demonstrate:1) From 2000 to 2008,the cropland variation presented occupation in the south and supplement in the north,but overall decreased.Supplement cropland was mainly from ecological reclamation(77.78%) and was mainly distributed in Northeast China and Northwest China with poor climatic and natural conditions.Occupation cropland was mainly used for construction(52.88%) and ecological restoration(44.78%) purposes,and was mainly distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River with better climatic and natural conditions.2) The climate conditions were quite different in supplement and occupation cropland areas.The annual precipitation,annual accumulated temperature and average annual temperature were lower in the supplement cropland area,and its average po-tential productivity per unit was only 62% of occupation cropland area,which was the main reason for the decrease of total potential productivity.3) Cropland occupation and supplement led to the variation of total potential productivity and its spatial distribution.The productivity decreased in the south and increased in the north,but had a net loss of 4.38315×107 t in the whole country.The increase of cropland area was at the cost of reclaiming natural forest and grassland resources,and destroying natural ecological environment,while the decrease of cropland area was mainly due to a lot of cropland occupied by urban-rural construction,which threatened the sustainable use of cropland resources.

Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Community-based Natural Resource Management in Northeast India

Community-based natural resource management in northeast India has a long history. Indigenous knowledge and adaptation are the collective information, with improvement from generation to generation. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity will play a significant role in natural resource management through traditional practices. This paper discusses the characteristics and application of the traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginal peoples in northeast India and its role in natural resource management. Examples are provided in two different eco-cultural landscapes, i.e., Demazong (the Buddhist eco-cultural landscape in Sikkim Himalaya) and the Apatani eco-cultural landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, which illustrate the utility value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable natural resource management. Both eco-cultural landscapes are indeed very complex and highly evolved systems with high levels of economic and ecological efficiencies. The paper concludes that traditional ecological knowledge systems and institutions could serve as entry points into the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. This could be achieved through the exploration of the cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. With rapidly depleting biodiversity in the developing tropic regions, there is a greater utilization today than ever before of the value of respecting the "Sacred" as a tool towards better conservation of natural resources.

Community Based Natural Resource Management, Tourism and Poverty Alleviation in Southern Africa： What Works and What Doesn＇t Work

Community based natural resource management （CBNRM） is perhaps the most important tool for driving community and rural development in southern Africa. The paper therefore analyses the CBNRM framework as a strategy for implementing sustainable tourism and poverty alleviation initiatives in Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. The article specifically underscores the importance of local-level participatory management and utilisation of natural resources in the region. Paying special attention to the previous researches that have been conducted in Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia, the methodological approach employed in the paper centres on critical discourse analysis and review of literatures to highlight the interface existing between CBNRM and rural （tourism） development. The analytical framework of the paper is thus rooted in the Common Property Resource （CPR） theory Overall, the authors argue that tourism, poverty alleviation, rural development, and sustainable natural resource use are linked and interrelated in the process of enhancing community well-being. Findings indicate that CBNRM initiatives have had a significant and positive impact in achieving sustainable tourism, rural development, poverty alleviation, and natural resource management. Specifically, findings show that the CBNRM has contributed to the reduction in wildlife poaching. While other pertinent issues remain, national governments in the three southern African economies need to fully appropriate the benefits that CBNRM offers and improve on them for better implementation of developmental programs.

青春期子宫内膜异位症的发病特点研究进展

青春期子宫内膜异位症(EMs)是EMs的一种特殊类型,与育龄期妇女相似,可引起痛经、慢性盆腔痛、不孕等症状。该病发病原因不明确,发病机制复杂多样,目前学说认为与经血逆流、遗传、血源播散等因素相关。其中逆流经血中包含子宫内膜样干细胞的观点近年来引发热议,即子宫内膜样干细胞通过经血逆流入腹腔,发生异位种植、侵袭、生长,从而导致EMs。目前诊断EMs的金标准为腹腔镜手术及病理检查,但由于发病时间早,且易于复发,是妇科的一个棘手问题。综述青春期EMs的流行病学资料、发病机制、相关高危因素及临床特点,继续深入研究有助于加强对青春期EMs的预防,做到早诊断,早治疗,减少日后EMs并发症的发生。

Plan C: China’s Development under the Scarcity of Natural Capital

The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.

Recreational potential as an indicator of accessibility control in protected mountain forest areas

The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas with varied orography.

The Effects of Natural Capital Protection on Pastoralist's Livelihood and Management Implication in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

The interaction among different livelihood capitals is a key to generate a deeper understanding of the livelihood sustainability.In this paper,we use net income per capita(economic capital),meat and milk production per capita(physical capital),and areas of fenced pasture,livestock shelter,grassland rodent control and planted grassland(physical capital) as proxy indicators of livelihood promotion,livelihood provision,and livelihood protection respectively.By developing a correlation model between pastoralists' livelihood protection and improvement,we found that(1) there is a statistically significant correlation between the pastoralists' livelihood protection and promotion;(2) based on the maximum effect of pastoralists' livelihood promotion and provision,there is a benchmark in the effect of the intervention intensity of livelihood capital(grassland resource protection) on livelihood improvement;(3) on basis of two indicators,i.e.net income per capita and meat production per capita,the reasonable scales of fenced pasture,livestock shelter and planted grassland are less than 843,860 and 46 thousand hectares(hm2) per year respectively.With the marginal effect of livelihood protection,moderately decreased areas of fenced pasture and planted grassland,and increased area of livestock shelter is a critical to ensure pastoralist's livelihood sustainability.