The functional roles of memory B and T lymphocytes underlie the phenomenal success of prophylactic vaccinations, which have decreased morbidities and mortalities from infectious diseases globally over the last 50 year...The functional roles of memory B and T lymphocytes underlie the phenomenal success of prophylactic vaccinations, which have decreased morbidities and mortalities from infectious diseases globally over the last 50 years. However, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that memory cells are also capable of mediating the pathology associated with autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection, and may pose a significant barrier to future clinical advancement in immunoregulation. Therefore, understanding the unique properties of memory lymphocytes （as compared to their naive precursors） is a major area of investigation. Here, we focus on one of those singular properties of memory T cells （TM）-rapid recall. As will be discussed in more detail, rapid recall refers to the ability of quiescent TM cells to efficiently and robustly express‘effector functions＇ following stimulation. Studies that have advanced our understanding of TM cells＇ rapid recall using CD4^＋ T cells have been expertly reviewed elsewhere, so we will focus primarily on studies of CD8^＋ T cells. We will first review the different ways that CD8^＋ TM cells can be generated, followed by discussing how this influences their functional properties in the settings of immune protection and pathology. Then, rapid recall ability will be discussed, with emphasis placed on what is currently known about the mechanisms that underlie this unique property of TM cells.展开更多
Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that can involve multi-organs. B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis via antibody-dependent and antibody-independent ways. Excessi...Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that can involve multi-organs. B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis via antibody-dependent and antibody-independent ways. Excessive autoantibodies production, hyperresponsiveness and prolonged survival of autoreactive B cells are characteristics of SLE. In this article, mechanisms of self-tolerance loss of B cells and promising B cell-targeting therapies in lupus are reviewed and discussed.展开更多
文摘The functional roles of memory B and T lymphocytes underlie the phenomenal success of prophylactic vaccinations, which have decreased morbidities and mortalities from infectious diseases globally over the last 50 years. However, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that memory cells are also capable of mediating the pathology associated with autoimmune disorders and transplant rejection, and may pose a significant barrier to future clinical advancement in immunoregulation. Therefore, understanding the unique properties of memory lymphocytes （as compared to their naive precursors） is a major area of investigation. Here, we focus on one of those singular properties of memory T cells （TM）-rapid recall. As will be discussed in more detail, rapid recall refers to the ability of quiescent TM cells to efficiently and robustly express‘effector functions＇ following stimulation. Studies that have advanced our understanding of TM cells＇ rapid recall using CD4^＋ T cells have been expertly reviewed elsewhere, so we will focus primarily on studies of CD8^＋ T cells. We will first review the different ways that CD8^＋ TM cells can be generated, followed by discussing how this influences their functional properties in the settings of immune protection and pathology. Then, rapid recall ability will be discussed, with emphasis placed on what is currently known about the mechanisms that underlie this unique property of TM cells.
文摘Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that can involve multi-organs. B cells play a central role in the immunopathogenesis via antibody-dependent and antibody-independent ways. Excessive autoantibodies production, hyperresponsiveness and prolonged survival of autoreactive B cells are characteristics of SLE. In this article, mechanisms of self-tolerance loss of B cells and promising B cell-targeting therapies in lupus are reviewed and discussed.
