破解人之谜——人的定义的解构与重构

人是什么?这个问题事关人的自我认知和人文社会诸学科的立论起点,故论者甚多。从古至今积累起来的各种不同回答,最终可以归结为十种。经反思,有四种是错的,有四种存在片面性,有一种如果不说属于片面,就属于意思混乱,并且也不好运用。还有一种,除了也不好运用之外,还不好解释。这就说明,我们需要重构人的定义。重构一个经得起推敲的人的定义应注意满足三点要求。据此立说,人是凭自造物而生存发展的活动者。这个定义,由于揭示的是人的整体特性,不仅可以避免以往定义的缺失与弊端,而且可与人的起源、历代状况乃至宿命相吻合,并可用于推断人类诞生的时间。同时,也能用于解释人的个人特性即个性以及个人作为人的确证和价值。

依托“非常规”物理实验助力学生嬗变为“创客”

初中物理学习中,应该提倡"非常规"物理实验,以便帮助学生成为创客。在实际教学中,教师可以通过以下三个途径帮助学生在"创客"的道路上前行:(1)在"非常规"与"自造物"中培养"创客"意识;(2)在"非常规"与"做中学"中培养"创客"精神;(3)在"非常规"与"延伸点"中努力成为"创客"。当"非常规"物理实验和"创客"之间形成一种正向关联时,学生的学习劲头就会空前高涨,也就能有效提升学生的学习实效。

Design Automation of the Manufacturing Process of a Mini Biodiesel Plant

The increasing pollution in the atmospheric layer has meant world-wide temperature variations, causing the melting of icecaps and floods, among other environmental factors. This change in temperature has been mainly caused by the indiscriminate emission of CO2, especially due to the rising number of vehicles in circulation. Researchers have identified that, among other types of fuel, diesel has the highest level of CO2 emission. Hence the need for the development of biodiesel, produced from oleaginous plants, aimed at reducing the emission of this harmful gas into the atmosphere, besides using renewable resources. However, as in any automation process, it is necessary to have sensors, actuators, and controllers, which together perform the automation and control of the production process. Besides that, there are other process variables to be accounted for, such as temperature, flow, and level. Considering such concept, and within the academic context, the creation process of a mini biodiesel plant will be described.