Ozone depletion induced by anthropogenic gases has been increasing the transmission of solar ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B, 280–315 nm) through the atmosphere, which may impact the fitness of marine invertebrates in i...Ozone depletion induced by anthropogenic gases has been increasing the transmission of solar ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B, 280–315 nm) through the atmosphere, which may impact the fitness of marine invertebrates in intertidal and shallow waters. To our knowledge, however, the responses of fitness related behaviors to UV-B radiation at different intensities have been rarely studied in marine invertebrates. For the first time, the present study investigated the eff ects of exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation at different intensities on foraging behavior, Aristotle's lantern reflex and righting behavior of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation at 10 μW/cm^2 significantly reduced foraging behavior. An intensity dependent eff ect of exposure to UV-B radiation was found in the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex. Exposure to UV-B radiation at 20 μW/cm^2 for one hour significantly reduced the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex, but 10 μW/cm^2 did not. There was no significant diff erence of righting response time among sea urchins exposed to 0, 10 and 20 μW/cm^2 for one hour. To test potential carryover ef fects, the behavioral traits were re-measured three days later. We found significant carryover eff ects of UV-B radiation on foraging time and righting response time, but not on the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex. The present study indicates that a brief exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation can significantly aff ect the duration of Aristotle's lantern reflex, righting response time and foraging behavior of a sea urchin, although the immediate impacts and carryover eff ects were highly trait dependent. This study provides new information into the behavioral responses of marine invertebrates to exposure to UV-B radiation. Future studies should be carried out to investigate long-term carryover eff ects of UV-B radiation on behavioral and physiological fitness related traits.展开更多
In the last three decades much researchhas been carried out to investigate the biologicaleffects of a thinning stratospheric ozone layeraccompanied by an enhanced level of solarultraviolet-B radiation at the Earth’s ...In the last three decades much researchhas been carried out to investigate the biologicaleffects of a thinning stratospheric ozone layeraccompanied by an enhanced level of solarultraviolet-B radiation at the Earth’s surface.Enhanced UV-B radiation affects ecosystems in manyways directly and indirectly. The responses can bebiochemical, physiological, morphological oranatomical, and the direction of the response can varybetween different species, communities andecosystems. In this paper we firstly introduce generalconcepts, and methods for measuring the ecologicaleffects of UV-B radiation. Secondly, we provide anoverview interpretation of the effects of enhancedUV-B on terrestrial ecosystems from recent studies.These studies include effects of UV-B on growth andreproduction, composition of communities,competitive balance, decomposition of litter, andinteractions with other factors etc. Finally, werecommend future research directions to identify theeffects of elevated UV-B radiation on ecosystems inChina.展开更多
We studied the decomposition of two haloacetic acids (HAAs),dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA),in water by single oxidants ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) and the advanced oxidation p...We studied the decomposition of two haloacetic acids (HAAs),dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA),in water by single oxidants ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) and the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constituted by the combinations of O3/UV,H2O2/UV,O3 /H2O2,and O3/H2O2/UV. The concentrations of HAAs were analyzed at specified time intervals to track their decomposition. Except for O3 and UV,the four combined oxidation processes remarkably enhance the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA owing to the generated very reactive hydroxyl radicals. The fastest decomposition process is O3/H2O2/UV,closely followed by O3/UV. DCAA is much easier to decompose than TCAA. The kinetics of HAA decomposition by O3/UV can be described well by a pseudo first-order reaction model under a constant initial dissolved O3 concentration and fixed UV radiation. Humic acids and HCO3-in the reaction system both decrease the decomposition rate constants for DCAA and TCAA. The amount of H2O2 accumulates in the presence of humic acids in the O3/UV process.展开更多
The authors analyzed the retrieval sensitivity of tropospheric ozone using simulated the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 （GOME-2） measurements. The retrieval sensitivity was evaluated by the degree of free- dom...The authors analyzed the retrieval sensitivity of tropospheric ozone using simulated the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 （GOME-2） measurements. The retrieval sensitivity was evaluated by the degree of free- dom for signal （DFS）. The combination of the ultraviolet （UV）, UV polarization （UVPOL）, and visible （VIS） bands enhances DFS of tropospheric ozone and improves the vertical resolution of the retrieved ozone profile. UVPOL reduces the dependence on solar zenith angle, mainly in- creases the sensitivity in upper troposphere. Polarization increased the DFS by 20% on the eastern side of the GOME-2 orbit, with little improvement on the western side because the increase in DFS due to polarization is depend- ent on the relative azimuth angle. The inclusion of the visi- ble band reduces significantly the dependence on viewing geometry, and mainly increases the DFS in the lower tro- posphere （0-6 kin） by a factor of two. It was possible to retrieve several independent pieces of tropospheric ozone information from GOME-2 UV/UVPOL/VIS measure- ments, especially in the lower troposphere.展开更多
A method for oxidative degradation of 1,4-dioxane （1,4-D） in waste water using a combination of ozone oxidation with UV irradiation （ozone/UV） treatment was investigated. The results showed that 1,4-D was degraded...A method for oxidative degradation of 1,4-dioxane （1,4-D） in waste water using a combination of ozone oxidation with UV irradiation （ozone/UV） treatment was investigated. The results showed that 1,4-D was degraded by ozone/UV treatment up to 90 min. The optimum concentration for the injected ozone gas was about 40 g·m^3 under a constant level of UV irradiation. Furthermore, solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis showed no specific or reproducible peaks due to by-products of 1,4-D. It was therefore concluded that 1,4-D was completely degraded by ozone/UV treatment. In contrast, the amount of 1,4-D remaining decreased slowly in the presence of HCOf or CI. It was suggested that the degradation of 1,4-D, which results from .OH oxidation, was retarded by the presence of HCO3 or CI, which act as radical scavengers.展开更多
A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor consisting of water-filled dielectric tube electrodes was used for the treatment of wastewater. The inner dielectric tube, which acted as the discharging electrode, was fil...A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor consisting of water-filled dielectric tube electrodes was used for the treatment of wastewater. The inner dielectric tube, which acted as the discharging electrode, was filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution. The outer dielectric tube, which served as the other electrode, was in contact with the wastewater, which was grounded. The present reactor system was energy-efficient for the production of ozone, not only because the perfect contact between the aqueous electrode and the dielectric surface minimized the loss of the electrical energy, but also because the DBD reactor was cooled by the wastewater. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV) light produced in the DBD reactor was able to assist in the wastewater treatment since the quartz tube used as the dielectric material was UV-transparent. The performance of the present DBD system was evaluated using a synthetic wastewater formed from distilled water and an azo dye, amaranth. The experimental parameters were the concentration of the electrolyte in the aqueous electrode, the discharge power, the initial pH of the wastewater and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide added to the wastewater. The wastewater treatment system was found to be effective for achieving decomposition of the dye.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41506177)the Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,China(No.2017-1B05)+2 种基金the Chinese Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Scientific Research(for Chang Y)the Liaoning Department of Science and Technology(No.2015203003)the Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province(No.2015006)
文摘Ozone depletion induced by anthropogenic gases has been increasing the transmission of solar ultraviolet-B radiation(UV-B, 280–315 nm) through the atmosphere, which may impact the fitness of marine invertebrates in intertidal and shallow waters. To our knowledge, however, the responses of fitness related behaviors to UV-B radiation at different intensities have been rarely studied in marine invertebrates. For the first time, the present study investigated the eff ects of exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation at different intensities on foraging behavior, Aristotle's lantern reflex and righting behavior of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation at 10 μW/cm^2 significantly reduced foraging behavior. An intensity dependent eff ect of exposure to UV-B radiation was found in the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex. Exposure to UV-B radiation at 20 μW/cm^2 for one hour significantly reduced the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex, but 10 μW/cm^2 did not. There was no significant diff erence of righting response time among sea urchins exposed to 0, 10 and 20 μW/cm^2 for one hour. To test potential carryover ef fects, the behavioral traits were re-measured three days later. We found significant carryover eff ects of UV-B radiation on foraging time and righting response time, but not on the duration of the Aristotle's lantern reflex. The present study indicates that a brief exposure of one hour to UV-B radiation can significantly aff ect the duration of Aristotle's lantern reflex, righting response time and foraging behavior of a sea urchin, although the immediate impacts and carryover eff ects were highly trait dependent. This study provides new information into the behavioral responses of marine invertebrates to exposure to UV-B radiation. Future studies should be carried out to investigate long-term carryover eff ects of UV-B radiation on behavioral and physiological fitness related traits.
基金the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan(G2000046802-05)the Chinese Academy of Sciencesfor Innovation Key Project(KSCX1-07-02-02)+1 种基金National Tackle-Key-Problem Project(2001BA606A-05-01) the"Western Light”Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Talent Plan.
文摘In the last three decades much researchhas been carried out to investigate the biologicaleffects of a thinning stratospheric ozone layeraccompanied by an enhanced level of solarultraviolet-B radiation at the Earth’s surface.Enhanced UV-B radiation affects ecosystems in manyways directly and indirectly. The responses can bebiochemical, physiological, morphological oranatomical, and the direction of the response can varybetween different species, communities andecosystems. In this paper we firstly introduce generalconcepts, and methods for measuring the ecologicaleffects of UV-B radiation. Secondly, we provide anoverview interpretation of the effects of enhancedUV-B on terrestrial ecosystems from recent studies.These studies include effects of UV-B on growth andreproduction, composition of communities,competitive balance, decomposition of litter, andinteractions with other factors etc. Finally, werecommend future research directions to identify theeffects of elevated UV-B radiation on ecosystems inChina.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under Grant No. CSTC2008BB7299.
文摘We studied the decomposition of two haloacetic acids (HAAs),dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA),in water by single oxidants ozone (O3) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) and the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constituted by the combinations of O3/UV,H2O2/UV,O3 /H2O2,and O3/H2O2/UV. The concentrations of HAAs were analyzed at specified time intervals to track their decomposition. Except for O3 and UV,the four combined oxidation processes remarkably enhance the decomposition of DCAA and TCAA owing to the generated very reactive hydroxyl radicals. The fastest decomposition process is O3/H2O2/UV,closely followed by O3/UV. DCAA is much easier to decompose than TCAA. The kinetics of HAA decomposition by O3/UV can be described well by a pseudo first-order reaction model under a constant initial dissolved O3 concentration and fixed UV radiation. Humic acids and HCO3-in the reaction system both decrease the decomposition rate constants for DCAA and TCAA. The amount of H2O2 accumulates in the presence of humic acids in the O3/UV process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41205018 and 41375035)
文摘The authors analyzed the retrieval sensitivity of tropospheric ozone using simulated the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 （GOME-2） measurements. The retrieval sensitivity was evaluated by the degree of free- dom for signal （DFS）. The combination of the ultraviolet （UV）, UV polarization （UVPOL）, and visible （VIS） bands enhances DFS of tropospheric ozone and improves the vertical resolution of the retrieved ozone profile. UVPOL reduces the dependence on solar zenith angle, mainly in- creases the sensitivity in upper troposphere. Polarization increased the DFS by 20% on the eastern side of the GOME-2 orbit, with little improvement on the western side because the increase in DFS due to polarization is depend- ent on the relative azimuth angle. The inclusion of the visi- ble band reduces significantly the dependence on viewing geometry, and mainly increases the DFS in the lower tro- posphere （0-6 kin） by a factor of two. It was possible to retrieve several independent pieces of tropospheric ozone information from GOME-2 UV/UVPOL/VIS measure- ments, especially in the lower troposphere.
文摘A method for oxidative degradation of 1,4-dioxane （1,4-D） in waste water using a combination of ozone oxidation with UV irradiation （ozone/UV） treatment was investigated. The results showed that 1,4-D was degraded by ozone/UV treatment up to 90 min. The optimum concentration for the injected ozone gas was about 40 g·m^3 under a constant level of UV irradiation. Furthermore, solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis showed no specific or reproducible peaks due to by-products of 1,4-D. It was therefore concluded that 1,4-D was completely degraded by ozone/UV treatment. In contrast, the amount of 1,4-D remaining decreased slowly in the presence of HCOf or CI. It was suggested that the degradation of 1,4-D, which results from .OH oxidation, was retarded by the presence of HCO3 or CI, which act as radical scavengers.
文摘A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor consisting of water-filled dielectric tube electrodes was used for the treatment of wastewater. The inner dielectric tube, which acted as the discharging electrode, was filled with an aqueous electrolyte solution. The outer dielectric tube, which served as the other electrode, was in contact with the wastewater, which was grounded. The present reactor system was energy-efficient for the production of ozone, not only because the perfect contact between the aqueous electrode and the dielectric surface minimized the loss of the electrical energy, but also because the DBD reactor was cooled by the wastewater. In addition, the ultraviolet (UV) light produced in the DBD reactor was able to assist in the wastewater treatment since the quartz tube used as the dielectric material was UV-transparent. The performance of the present DBD system was evaluated using a synthetic wastewater formed from distilled water and an azo dye, amaranth. The experimental parameters were the concentration of the electrolyte in the aqueous electrode, the discharge power, the initial pH of the wastewater and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide added to the wastewater. The wastewater treatment system was found to be effective for achieving decomposition of the dye.
