This review describes the effects of ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation on plant growth and development, photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds. Moreover, plant ecosystem level responses...This review describes the effects of ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation on plant growth and development, photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds. Moreover, plant ecosystem level responses to elevated UV-B radiation and interactions of UV-B radiation with abiotic and biotic factors were also involved. Results collected in this review suggest that approximately two-thirds terrestrial plant species are significantly affected by increase in UV-B radiation, The majority of evidences indicate that elevated UV-B radiation is usually detrimental but there exists tremendous variability in the sensitivity of species to UV-B radiation, and sensitivity also differs among cultivars of the same species.展开更多
●不同水体循环更新一次的年数 Average Water Renewable Cycles for Different Water Bodies 地球的淡水总量为13.6亿(公里)~3,其中2900万(公里)~3是永久性冰雪,800万(公里)~3是地下水,江河湖泊的淡水为20万(公里)~3。水要依靠蒸发与...●不同水体循环更新一次的年数 Average Water Renewable Cycles for Different Water Bodies 地球的淡水总量为13.6亿(公里)~3,其中2900万(公里)~3是永久性冰雪,800万(公里)~3是地下水,江河湖泊的淡水为20万(公里)~3。水要依靠蒸发与降雨雪进行循环更新。地面水循环更新较快,永久冰雪循环较慢,地下水循环更慢。据全球环境监测系统研究不同水体循环更新一次的年数如下: 永久性冰雪 9700年沼泽地水 5年海水 2500年土壤中水 1年地下水 1400年江河水 16天湖泊水 17年大气中水展开更多
Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most emission of ...Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most emission of refrigerants is man-made, unrea-sonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the 'manual emission' into manual retriev-ing. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical counter-measures, which can create a 'good-cycle' both 'harnessing pollu-tion and earning income simultaneously', reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by all refrigerators. This 'good-cycle' method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.展开更多
Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of...Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.展开更多
This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological...This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.展开更多
Alachlor is used widely as a herbicide,but is an environmental endocrine disruptor. O 3/H 2O 2 system is used as catalyst to delve on the degradation efficiency of alachlor. The amount of the catalyst H 2O 2,the pH va...Alachlor is used widely as a herbicide,but is an environmental endocrine disruptor. O 3/H 2O 2 system is used as catalyst to delve on the degradation efficiency of alachlor. The amount of the catalyst H 2O 2,the pH value of the soluble, the temperature and quality of water sample are changed to investigate the effect of these factors on the degradation of alachlor. The degradation of alachlor is qualitatively analyzed through their GS MS spectra and the possible mechanism of the degradation of alachlor is discussed as well.展开更多
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China (30700085)the National Basic Re-search Program of China (2009CB421101)
文摘This review describes the effects of ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation on plant growth and development, photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds. Moreover, plant ecosystem level responses to elevated UV-B radiation and interactions of UV-B radiation with abiotic and biotic factors were also involved. Results collected in this review suggest that approximately two-thirds terrestrial plant species are significantly affected by increase in UV-B radiation, The majority of evidences indicate that elevated UV-B radiation is usually detrimental but there exists tremendous variability in the sensitivity of species to UV-B radiation, and sensitivity also differs among cultivars of the same species.
文摘●不同水体循环更新一次的年数 Average Water Renewable Cycles for Different Water Bodies 地球的淡水总量为13.6亿(公里)~3,其中2900万(公里)~3是永久性冰雪,800万(公里)~3是地下水,江河湖泊的淡水为20万(公里)~3。水要依靠蒸发与降雨雪进行循环更新。地面水循环更新较快,永久冰雪循环较慢,地下水循环更慢。据全球环境监测系统研究不同水体循环更新一次的年数如下: 永久性冰雪 9700年沼泽地水 5年海水 2500年土壤中水 1年地下水 1400年江河水 16天湖泊水 17年大气中水
基金supported by the Sci-ence and Technology Bureau of Nangping city,Fujian,China(Grant No.N2006Z01-4)
文摘Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most emission of refrigerants is man-made, unrea-sonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the 'manual emission' into manual retriev-ing. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical counter-measures, which can create a 'good-cycle' both 'harnessing pollu-tion and earning income simultaneously', reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by all refrigerators. This 'good-cycle' method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.
文摘Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.
文摘This paper studied the treatment of the landscape river in ChangZhou Scientific and Educational Town by a new integrative apparatus for water purification, which used ozone pre-oxidation-moDified clay-ozone biological activated carbon integrated process. The results indicate that the effectiveness of the algal removal with mentioned integrated process is much higher and the apparatus can operate stably. When the turbidity, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） and algae densities of the raw water are 29-38 NTU, 7.45-7.79 mg/L, 2.496-2.981 mag/L, 0.237-0.255 mg/L and 5.78-7.94×10^8 cells/L respectively, it can be reduced to 0.8-1.7 NTU, 1.69-2.84 rag/L, 0.579-0.692mg/L, 0.013-0.038 mg/L, 0.06-0.38×10^8 cells/L. The average removal rates of turbidity, CODMn, TN, TP and algae density can reach 96.4%, 71.5%, 76.8%, 92.0% and 96.9% respectively. The treated water can meet the requirements of class Ⅰ- Ⅱ in Environmental Quality Standard, for Surface Water.
文摘Alachlor is used widely as a herbicide,but is an environmental endocrine disruptor. O 3/H 2O 2 system is used as catalyst to delve on the degradation efficiency of alachlor. The amount of the catalyst H 2O 2,the pH value of the soluble, the temperature and quality of water sample are changed to investigate the effect of these factors on the degradation of alachlor. The degradation of alachlor is qualitatively analyzed through their GS MS spectra and the possible mechanism of the degradation of alachlor is discussed as well.
