采用静水式试验方法,在水温为20±1℃的条件下,研究夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼、鳊鱼和白鲢的毒性效应,以期为该药物在渔病防治中的使用提供用药的参考依据。试验结果表明,夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)...采用静水式试验方法,在水温为20±1℃的条件下,研究夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼、鳊鱼和白鲢的毒性效应,以期为该药物在渔病防治中的使用提供用药的参考依据。试验结果表明,夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为149．55 mg/L、78．76 mg/L、66．09 mg/L;安全浓度为6．61 mg/L。对鳊鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为269．41 mg/L、94．54 mg/L、40．63 mg/L;安全浓度为4．06 mg/L。对白鲢的24 h LC^(50)、48 h LC^(50)、96 h LC^(50)分别为91．37 mg/L、69．09 mg/L、48．71 mg/L,安全浓度为4．87 mg/L。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity of crude monkshood （Radix aconiti lateralis preparata）. [Method] Monkshood alcohol extract was prepared using soxhlet extractor. The maximum drug d...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity of crude monkshood （Radix aconiti lateralis preparata）. [Method] Monkshood alcohol extract was prepared using soxhlet extractor. The maximum drug dose, which was the minimum dose causing 100% lethally rate in the preliminary test, was diluted into seven con- centrations in formal test. Then every mouse was orally administrated with 0.04 ml/g of the monkshood solution at single time for 7 d. Median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit were calculated by the improved Karber method formulas. [Result] LD50 of monkshood ethanol extract was 230.12 mg/kg and 95% confidence limit of LD50 was 80.39-658.57 mg/kg. [Conclusion] Crude monkshood alcohol extract can quickly induce acute toxicity in mice.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed acc...[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed according to ＂Technique Requirements of Research of New Chinese Medicine＂ and ＂Guide for Research of New Chinese Medicine＂, mice were intragastrically administrated with Tongmai Tangyanming capsule at a maximum concentration and a maximum volume, and the acute toxic response of mice was observed, so as to determine medi- na lethal dose （LDso） and maximum administration dosage of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule. [Result] The LD^o could not be detected in the test, and the maximum administration dosage of mouse was calculated to be 112.104 g of dried herbs/（kg.d）, equivalent to 260 times of clinical dose of adult. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal compound Tongmai Tangyanming capsule has low acute toxicity, and its clinical dose is safe and reliable.展开更多
AIM: To investigate plasma microRNA (miRNA) profiles indicative of hepatotoxicity in the setting of lethal acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity in mice. METHODS: Using plasma from APAP poisoned mice, either lethally (500 mg/...AIM: To investigate plasma microRNA (miRNA) profiles indicative of hepatotoxicity in the setting of lethal acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity in mice. METHODS: Using plasma from APAP poisoned mice, either lethally (500 mg/kg) or sublethally (150 mg/kg) dosed, we screened commercially available murine microRNA libraries (SABiosciences, Qiagen Sciences, MD) to evaluate for unique miRNA profiles between these two dosing parameters. RESULTS: We distinguished numerous, unique plasma miRNAs both up- and downregulated in lethally compared to sublethally dosed mice. Of note, many of the greatest up- and downregulated miRNAs, namely 574-5p, 466g, 466f-3p, 375, 29c, and 148a, have been shown to be associated with asthma in prior studies. Interestingly, a relationship between APAP and asthma has been previously well described in the literature, with an as yet unknown mechanism of pathology. There was a statistically significant increase in alanine aminotransferase levels in the lethal compared to sublethal APAP dosing groups at the 12 h time point (P < 0.001). There was 90% mortality in the lethally compared to sublethally dosed mice at the 48 h time point (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: We identified unique plasma miRNAs both up- and downregulated in APAP poisoning which are correlated to asthma development.展开更多
Eight strains of nervous necrosis virus （NNV） isolated in Vietnam were used to detect the pathogenicity and immune response in sea bass （SB）. All strains induced cytopathic effect in SB cell line, complete destruc...Eight strains of nervous necrosis virus （NNV） isolated in Vietnam were used to detect the pathogenicity and immune response in sea bass （SB）. All strains induced cytopathic effect in SB cell line, complete destruction of monolayer of cells appeared after seven days post infection （dpi）. Virus titer was different for each strain, TCIDso ranged from 102.7 to 1069, and LDs0 from 1015 to 1075. Five NNV strains named QN 02, QN 05, QN 07, ND 11 and KH 05 had higher virulence than the other three, the first causing 100% mortality in experimental fish 3-5 dpi. NNV KH 05 had the highest antigenic similarity, and it was inactivated completely by 0.2% formalin, 0.002 mol/L binary ethylenimine （BEI） and 0.1% beta-propiolactone. The neutralization antibody titer obtained in fish of groups immunized by BEI 0.002 M and beta-propiolactone 0.1% inactivated virus was four to eight times higher than that of the group treated with the formalin inactivated virus. The antibody titer in fish immunized with beta-propiolactone inactivated virus was more persistent. The efficacy of vaccines developed from beta-propiolactone inactivated virus and aluminium hydroxide （AH） or aluminum phosphate （AP） was observed by intramuscularly immunizing Epinephelusfuscoguttatus size 1.5 cm. Neutralizing antibodies appeared in vaccinated fish on 10th day post-immunization （dpi） at a dilution of 1：16; 1：32 and highest levels were reached on 30-45 dpi, at dilutions of 1：256 and 1：512, after treatment with AH and AP vaccine, respectively. The relative percent of survival （RPS） of vaccine at 30 dpi was highest with challenge doses 0.2-1 × 10^6.8 TCIDs0, the RPS varied from 80%-83.3% in both groups of AH and AP immunization. This result provides the basis for developing a vaccine against NNA disease.展开更多
Acetamiprid is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide invented by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.. To explore the possibility of acetamiprid as larvicide of mosquitoes, lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on the larvae of ...Acetamiprid is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide invented by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.. To explore the possibility of acetamiprid as larvicide of mosquitoes, lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were studied by immersion method in the laboratory. The results indicated that the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were sensitive to acetamiprid. The mortality of larvae peaked at 72 h after treatment. The 1st instar larvae was the most susceptible to acetamiprid, and the 4th instar larvae was the most tolerant to acetamiprid, the LC 50 values were 0.020 mg/L and 0.296 mg/L at 72 h after treatment, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid could delay the development of larvae and decrease the weight of pupa. We suggested that acetamiprid is a safe and effective substitute for the using larvicides of mosquitoes.展开更多
As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species,rhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention in recent years for its antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities.However,toxicity study of the rhynchophylline i...As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species,rhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention in recent years for its antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities.However,toxicity study of the rhynchophylline is still lacking.In the present study,oral acute toxicity of rhynchophylline was conducted in Kunming mice.The mice were orally treated with 520.00,442.00,375.70,319.34 and 271.44 mg/kg of rhynchophylline for 14 d.The general behavior,body weight changes,toxic reaction,and death were recorded,and histopathological analyses were performed.The acute toxicity was evaluated by the assessment of the median lethal dose(LD50).The acute toxicity study showed that no significant difference was found in the body weight of the mice in the control group and those in the drug group.However,the mice treated with rhynchophylline showed obvious abnormal symptoms and mortality.The median lethal dose(LD50)of orally administered rhynchophylline was 308.08 mg/kg.The histopathological results showed that the mice in the high-dose rhynchophylline group displayed toxic effects in the brain,liver,lung,and kidney.The results of the current study indicated that rhynchophylline could not be taken at a high dose.Collectively,our current findings provided a strong basis for further clinical investigation.展开更多
文摘采用静水式试验方法,在水温为20±1℃的条件下,研究夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼、鳊鱼和白鲢的毒性效应,以期为该药物在渔病防治中的使用提供用药的参考依据。试验结果表明,夹竹桃提取物对鲤鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为149．55 mg/L、78．76 mg/L、66．09 mg/L;安全浓度为6．61 mg/L。对鳊鱼的24 h LC_(50)、48 h LC_(50)、96 h LC_(50)分别为269．41 mg/L、94．54 mg/L、40．63 mg/L;安全浓度为4．06 mg/L。对白鲢的24 h LC^(50)、48 h LC^(50)、96 h LC^(50)分别为91．37 mg/L、69．09 mg/L、48．71 mg/L,安全浓度为4．87 mg/L。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201951)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity of crude monkshood （Radix aconiti lateralis preparata）. [Method] Monkshood alcohol extract was prepared using soxhlet extractor. The maximum drug dose, which was the minimum dose causing 100% lethally rate in the preliminary test, was diluted into seven con- centrations in formal test. Then every mouse was orally administrated with 0.04 ml/g of the monkshood solution at single time for 7 d. Median lethal dose （LD50） and 95% confidence limit were calculated by the improved Karber method formulas. [Result] LD50 of monkshood ethanol extract was 230.12 mg/kg and 95% confidence limit of LD50 was 80.39-658.57 mg/kg. [Conclusion] Crude monkshood alcohol extract can quickly induce acute toxicity in mice.
基金Supported by Modern Pharmaceutical Program of Guiyang Scientific and Technological Planning Project in 2013(ZKHT[2013204]4-6)Special Fund for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Modernization Technology Industry(QKHZYZ[2011]5012)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed according to ＂Technique Requirements of Research of New Chinese Medicine＂ and ＂Guide for Research of New Chinese Medicine＂, mice were intragastrically administrated with Tongmai Tangyanming capsule at a maximum concentration and a maximum volume, and the acute toxic response of mice was observed, so as to determine medi- na lethal dose （LDso） and maximum administration dosage of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule. [Result] The LD^o could not be detected in the test, and the maximum administration dosage of mouse was calculated to be 112.104 g of dried herbs/（kg.d）, equivalent to 260 times of clinical dose of adult. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal compound Tongmai Tangyanming capsule has low acute toxicity, and its clinical dose is safe and reliable.
基金Supported by PHS grant DK075635 to Szabo G and McNeil Consumer Healthcare, a division of McNeil-PCC Inc. to Ward J
文摘AIM: To investigate plasma microRNA (miRNA) profiles indicative of hepatotoxicity in the setting of lethal acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity in mice. METHODS: Using plasma from APAP poisoned mice, either lethally (500 mg/kg) or sublethally (150 mg/kg) dosed, we screened commercially available murine microRNA libraries (SABiosciences, Qiagen Sciences, MD) to evaluate for unique miRNA profiles between these two dosing parameters. RESULTS: We distinguished numerous, unique plasma miRNAs both up- and downregulated in lethally compared to sublethally dosed mice. Of note, many of the greatest up- and downregulated miRNAs, namely 574-5p, 466g, 466f-3p, 375, 29c, and 148a, have been shown to be associated with asthma in prior studies. Interestingly, a relationship between APAP and asthma has been previously well described in the literature, with an as yet unknown mechanism of pathology. There was a statistically significant increase in alanine aminotransferase levels in the lethal compared to sublethal APAP dosing groups at the 12 h time point (P < 0.001). There was 90% mortality in the lethally compared to sublethally dosed mice at the 48 h time point (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: We identified unique plasma miRNAs both up- and downregulated in APAP poisoning which are correlated to asthma development.
文摘Eight strains of nervous necrosis virus （NNV） isolated in Vietnam were used to detect the pathogenicity and immune response in sea bass （SB）. All strains induced cytopathic effect in SB cell line, complete destruction of monolayer of cells appeared after seven days post infection （dpi）. Virus titer was different for each strain, TCIDso ranged from 102.7 to 1069, and LDs0 from 1015 to 1075. Five NNV strains named QN 02, QN 05, QN 07, ND 11 and KH 05 had higher virulence than the other three, the first causing 100% mortality in experimental fish 3-5 dpi. NNV KH 05 had the highest antigenic similarity, and it was inactivated completely by 0.2% formalin, 0.002 mol/L binary ethylenimine （BEI） and 0.1% beta-propiolactone. The neutralization antibody titer obtained in fish of groups immunized by BEI 0.002 M and beta-propiolactone 0.1% inactivated virus was four to eight times higher than that of the group treated with the formalin inactivated virus. The antibody titer in fish immunized with beta-propiolactone inactivated virus was more persistent. The efficacy of vaccines developed from beta-propiolactone inactivated virus and aluminium hydroxide （AH） or aluminum phosphate （AP） was observed by intramuscularly immunizing Epinephelusfuscoguttatus size 1.5 cm. Neutralizing antibodies appeared in vaccinated fish on 10th day post-immunization （dpi） at a dilution of 1：16; 1：32 and highest levels were reached on 30-45 dpi, at dilutions of 1：256 and 1：512, after treatment with AH and AP vaccine, respectively. The relative percent of survival （RPS） of vaccine at 30 dpi was highest with challenge doses 0.2-1 × 10^6.8 TCIDs0, the RPS varied from 80%-83.3% in both groups of AH and AP immunization. This result provides the basis for developing a vaccine against NNA disease.
文摘Acetamiprid is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide invented by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.. To explore the possibility of acetamiprid as larvicide of mosquitoes, lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid on the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were studied by immersion method in the laboratory. The results indicated that the larvae of Culex pipiens pallens were sensitive to acetamiprid. The mortality of larvae peaked at 72 h after treatment. The 1st instar larvae was the most susceptible to acetamiprid, and the 4th instar larvae was the most tolerant to acetamiprid, the LC 50 values were 0.020 mg/L and 0.296 mg/L at 72 h after treatment, respectively. Sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid could delay the development of larvae and decrease the weight of pupa. We suggested that acetamiprid is a safe and effective substitute for the using larvicides of mosquitoes.
文摘As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species,rhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention in recent years for its antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities.However,toxicity study of the rhynchophylline is still lacking.In the present study,oral acute toxicity of rhynchophylline was conducted in Kunming mice.The mice were orally treated with 520.00,442.00,375.70,319.34 and 271.44 mg/kg of rhynchophylline for 14 d.The general behavior,body weight changes,toxic reaction,and death were recorded,and histopathological analyses were performed.The acute toxicity was evaluated by the assessment of the median lethal dose(LD50).The acute toxicity study showed that no significant difference was found in the body weight of the mice in the control group and those in the drug group.However,the mice treated with rhynchophylline showed obvious abnormal symptoms and mortality.The median lethal dose(LD50)of orally administered rhynchophylline was 308.08 mg/kg.The histopathological results showed that the mice in the high-dose rhynchophylline group displayed toxic effects in the brain,liver,lung,and kidney.The results of the current study indicated that rhynchophylline could not be taken at a high dose.Collectively,our current findings provided a strong basis for further clinical investigation.
