肠道生态与环境化学物质之间的相互作用是否促发肥胖和糖尿病？

[背景]肠道菌群是肥胖和糖尿病发病的重要因素,但对于肠道菌群在环境化学物质的毒理动力学中所起的作用却知之甚少,包括那些最近发现具有致肥作用和致糖尿病作用的物质。[目的]我们把肠道生态和环境化学物质与肥胖及糖尿病之间具有独立关联的证据整合起来,为对这些环境因子如何与这些疾病相互作用提供一个框架,并确定未来的研究需求。[方法]通过调查在无菌或抗生素处理过的实验动物和人类中评估饮食改变和微生物变化如何影响肥胖和糖尿病的研究,对那些评估环境化学物质暴露会如何影响肥胖和糖尿病研究的优缺点进行总结,并辨认出肠道生态会如何影响环境化学物质处置的研究空白。[结果]越来越多的证据表明,肠道菌群的组成成分与环境化学物质暴露一样均可影响肥胖和糖尿病。毒理学和药理学文献也表明,肠道菌群的个体差异可能会通过如下途径来影响化学物质代谢:直接激活化学物质、生物转化所需代谢产物的耗竭、宿主生物转化酶的活性变化、改变肝肠循环、改变环境化学物质和/或食物中抗氧化剂的生物利用度、肠道蠕动和屏障功能的改变。[结论]肠道菌群的变化可能会影响人体毒理动力学,并增加个体对致肥物质和致糖尿病物质的暴露。与肥胖和糖尿病的全球流行作斗争需要多管齐下,其中应该包括:更加重视理解和控制肠道微生物个体差异对人体内环境化学物质处置的影响。

Effects of Applying Bio-bacterial Fertilizer on Aroma Components of Flue-cured Tobacco

Objective] This research aimed to investigate the effects of bio-bacterial fertilizer on quality of flue-curved tobacco. [Method] The various concentrations of bio-bacterial fertilizer were applied to flue-cured tobacco as leaf fertilizer and base fertilizer respectively. [Result] The effect of bio-bacterial fertilizer on flue-cured tobac-co differed among different treatments. Compared with the control, the bio-bacterial fertilizer significantly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. Among al the treat-ments, Treatment 3（leaf fertilizer） showed the best treatment effect, and it significant-ly improved the quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Conclusion] The bio-bacterial fertilizer showed significant improving effect on quality of flue-cured tobacco if spayed as leaf fertilizer.