1930s was the golden age for the flying-boat airlines in the world, notably the Pan Am Clipper transpacific and transatlantic routes, and the （British） Imperial Airways UK-Africa and UK-Australia/Far East routes. Th...1930s was the golden age for the flying-boat airlines in the world, notably the Pan Am Clipper transpacific and transatlantic routes, and the （British） Imperial Airways UK-Africa and UK-Australia/Far East routes. The major advantage of the flying boats was its endless runway （i.e., ocean or lake） and resultant possibilities for larger aircrafts than land-based airliners. Airlines such as Pan Am made large investments in the 1930s for flying boats, their special terminals by the water, and the worldwide flying-boat air route network. However, in the late 1940s to early 1950s, the flying boats suddenly disappeared due to the rapid development of land-based large airliners and long runways, according to the previous studies. The author conducted historical research on this topic, and found another reason： rapid decline in the high-income population who used to travel by flying boat scheduled flights. Also found was a recent surge of the luxury market, and steady increase in the cruise-ship passengers. Hence, there could be implications for revival of the flying boat flights as luxury cruise, rather than as scheduled flights.展开更多
This paper introduces the preparatory work and conducts an integrated review on the maiden voyage of a Chinese commercial ship on the Arctic Northeast Route. It puts forth expectations on the exploitation and utilizat...This paper introduces the preparatory work and conducts an integrated review on the maiden voyage of a Chinese commercial ship on the Arctic Northeast Route. It puts forth expectations on the exploitation and utilization of the Arctic Northeast Route in the aspects of safety, fastness, low costs, low consumption of energy and less pollution, knowledge of maritime law and navigation practice, building seaworthiness ships and making studies on the methods of sailing and maneuvering for navigation in polar waters, training qualified seafarers with navigation experiences in ice waters and establishing a safeguard system for the navigation in this route through the analysis on the weather, temperature, ice condition, route and hydrology encountered in the practice of a Chinese merchant ship in its maiden voyage in the route, and studies on the ice pilotage, convoy by icebreaker, practical condition of communication and navigation equipment in sea areas of high latitude and the economic benefit of the navigation in the Arctic Northeast Route.展开更多
To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating diffe...To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating different types of breakdown structures is necessary.In this paper,the international research status on work breakdown structure(WBS)was analyzed,and an integrative project architecture for commercial aero-engines was designed,where product breakdown structure(PBS),WBS,organization breakdown structure(OBS)and cost breakdown structure(CBS)were integrated and built.And the architecture was applied in information systems.A transfer from technological views of complex products through their lifecycles to management views has been realized with this standardized architecture,thus development tasks and costs can be controlled.展开更多
In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for commercial launches, space institutions like NASA have been succeeded in the commercialization of aerospace services. According to the latest development trends on ...In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for commercial launches, space institutions like NASA have been succeeded in the commercialization of aerospace services. According to the latest development trends on international commercial aerospace services and the current development status of domestic commercial aerospace services, suggestions on the development of China's commercial aerospace services based on policies, development modes and technical innovation are given.展开更多
This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer...This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer takes charge of the unsold items,the other one is that the retailer returns the unsold items to the supplier at the end of the selling period,and the supplier disposes those overstockings.In each contract,the retailer deducts a percentage from the selling price for each sold item and transfers the balance to the supplier.The supplier solves a two-stage problem:She first chooses contract,then decides retail price and delivery quantity according to the terms of the contract chosen.With an iso-price-elastic demand model,the authors derive the retailer and suppliers’ optimal decisions for both schemes.In addition,the authors characterize how they are affected by disposing cost.The authors compare the decisions between the two schemes for disposing cost turn out to be holding cost or salvage value,respectively.The authors use numerical examples to show the supplier’s first-stage optimal decision depends critically on demand price elasticity,the disposing cost and the retailer’s share for channel cost.展开更多
Ten of thousands of aircraft are expected to retire in the next 20 years.Aircraft manufacturers are gearing up for a new wave of recycling challenges as these aircrafts contain significant higher amount of carbon fibr...Ten of thousands of aircraft are expected to retire in the next 20 years.Aircraft manufacturers are gearing up for a new wave of recycling challenges as these aircrafts contain significant higher amount of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite,which cannot be recycled by the conventional processes designed for metallic alloys.Aircraft manufacturers have been working with the recycling industry to limit unsustainable dismantling that is harmful to the environment and the potential liability risk of re-entry of un-certified salvaged parts back to the aviation market.An organised recycling network and procedures have already been set up for the conventional metallic alloys and will soon be required to include the composite waste.This paper reports the existing aircraft recycling practice and reviews the key recycling technologies for thermoset composites.Energy consumptions of these technologies are sought from the literature and are reported in this paper.Progress in development of reuse options for the recycled fibre is also included with discussion of their advantages and drawbacks.The challenge of working with the fluffy fibre is considered and the benefit of fibre alignment is highlighted for encouraging a widespread use of the fibre.展开更多
文摘1930s was the golden age for the flying-boat airlines in the world, notably the Pan Am Clipper transpacific and transatlantic routes, and the （British） Imperial Airways UK-Africa and UK-Australia/Far East routes. The major advantage of the flying boats was its endless runway （i.e., ocean or lake） and resultant possibilities for larger aircrafts than land-based airliners. Airlines such as Pan Am made large investments in the 1930s for flying boats, their special terminals by the water, and the worldwide flying-boat air route network. However, in the late 1940s to early 1950s, the flying boats suddenly disappeared due to the rapid development of land-based large airliners and long runways, according to the previous studies. The author conducted historical research on this topic, and found another reason： rapid decline in the high-income population who used to travel by flying boat scheduled flights. Also found was a recent surge of the luxury market, and steady increase in the cruise-ship passengers. Hence, there could be implications for revival of the flying boat flights as luxury cruise, rather than as scheduled flights.
文摘This paper introduces the preparatory work and conducts an integrated review on the maiden voyage of a Chinese commercial ship on the Arctic Northeast Route. It puts forth expectations on the exploitation and utilization of the Arctic Northeast Route in the aspects of safety, fastness, low costs, low consumption of energy and less pollution, knowledge of maritime law and navigation practice, building seaworthiness ships and making studies on the methods of sailing and maneuvering for navigation in polar waters, training qualified seafarers with navigation experiences in ice waters and establishing a safeguard system for the navigation in this route through the analysis on the weather, temperature, ice condition, route and hydrology encountered in the practice of a Chinese merchant ship in its maiden voyage in the route, and studies on the ice pilotage, convoy by icebreaker, practical condition of communication and navigation equipment in sea areas of high latitude and the economic benefit of the navigation in the Arctic Northeast Route.
文摘To collect and share information of projects or products and make it consistent and correct so that the quality and costs of projects can be effectively controlled,an integrative project architecture integrating different types of breakdown structures is necessary.In this paper,the international research status on work breakdown structure(WBS)was analyzed,and an integrative project architecture for commercial aero-engines was designed,where product breakdown structure(PBS),WBS,organization breakdown structure(OBS)and cost breakdown structure(CBS)were integrated and built.And the architecture was applied in information systems.A transfer from technological views of complex products through their lifecycles to management views has been realized with this standardized architecture,thus development tasks and costs can be controlled.
文摘In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for commercial launches, space institutions like NASA have been succeeded in the commercialization of aerospace services. According to the latest development trends on international commercial aerospace services and the current development status of domestic commercial aerospace services, suggestions on the development of China's commercial aerospace services based on policies, development modes and technical innovation are given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.70901029, 71171088,71131004 and 71002077the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities under Grant No. 65010771
文摘This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer takes charge of the unsold items,the other one is that the retailer returns the unsold items to the supplier at the end of the selling period,and the supplier disposes those overstockings.In each contract,the retailer deducts a percentage from the selling price for each sold item and transfers the balance to the supplier.The supplier solves a two-stage problem:She first chooses contract,then decides retail price and delivery quantity according to the terms of the contract chosen.With an iso-price-elastic demand model,the authors derive the retailer and suppliers’ optimal decisions for both schemes.In addition,the authors characterize how they are affected by disposing cost.The authors compare the decisions between the two schemes for disposing cost turn out to be holding cost or salvage value,respectively.The authors use numerical examples to show the supplier’s first-stage optimal decision depends critically on demand price elasticity,the disposing cost and the retailer’s share for channel cost.
文摘Ten of thousands of aircraft are expected to retire in the next 20 years.Aircraft manufacturers are gearing up for a new wave of recycling challenges as these aircrafts contain significant higher amount of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite,which cannot be recycled by the conventional processes designed for metallic alloys.Aircraft manufacturers have been working with the recycling industry to limit unsustainable dismantling that is harmful to the environment and the potential liability risk of re-entry of un-certified salvaged parts back to the aviation market.An organised recycling network and procedures have already been set up for the conventional metallic alloys and will soon be required to include the composite waste.This paper reports the existing aircraft recycling practice and reviews the key recycling technologies for thermoset composites.Energy consumptions of these technologies are sought from the literature and are reported in this paper.Progress in development of reuse options for the recycled fibre is also included with discussion of their advantages and drawbacks.The challenge of working with the fluffy fibre is considered and the benefit of fibre alignment is highlighted for encouraging a widespread use of the fibre.
