We evaluated how historical storm events have shaped the current forest landscape in three Pyrenean subalpine forests(NE Spain).For this purpose we related forest damage estimations obtained from multi-temporal aerial...We evaluated how historical storm events have shaped the current forest landscape in three Pyrenean subalpine forests(NE Spain).For this purpose we related forest damage estimations obtained from multi-temporal aerial photographic comparisons to the current forest typology generated from airborne Li DAR data, and we examined the role of past natural disturbance on the current spatial distribution of forest structural types.We found six forest structural types in the landscape: early regeneration(T1 and T2), young even-aged stands(T3), uneven-aged stands(T4) and adult stands(T5and T6).All of the types were related to the timing and severity of past storms, with early-regeneration structures being found in areas markedly affected in recent times, and adult stands predominating in those areas that had suffered lowest damage levels within the study period.In general, landscapes where high or medium levels of damage were recurrent also presented higher levels of spatial heterogeneity,whereas the opposite pattern was found in the less markedly affected landscape, characterized by thepresence of large regular patches.Our results show the critical role that storm regimes in terms of timing and severity of past storms can play in shaping current forest structure and future dynamics in subalpine forests.The knowledge gained could be used to help define alternative forest management strategies oriented toward the enhancement of landscape heterogeneity as a measure to face future environmental uncertainty.展开更多
基金Financial support for this study was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project RESILFOR(AGL2012-40039-C02-01)LC and JRGO were both supported by Ramón y Cajal contracts(RYC-2009-04985 and RYC-2011-08983)
文摘We evaluated how historical storm events have shaped the current forest landscape in three Pyrenean subalpine forests(NE Spain).For this purpose we related forest damage estimations obtained from multi-temporal aerial photographic comparisons to the current forest typology generated from airborne Li DAR data, and we examined the role of past natural disturbance on the current spatial distribution of forest structural types.We found six forest structural types in the landscape: early regeneration(T1 and T2), young even-aged stands(T3), uneven-aged stands(T4) and adult stands(T5and T6).All of the types were related to the timing and severity of past storms, with early-regeneration structures being found in areas markedly affected in recent times, and adult stands predominating in those areas that had suffered lowest damage levels within the study period.In general, landscapes where high or medium levels of damage were recurrent also presented higher levels of spatial heterogeneity,whereas the opposite pattern was found in the less markedly affected landscape, characterized by thepresence of large regular patches.Our results show the critical role that storm regimes in terms of timing and severity of past storms can play in shaping current forest structure and future dynamics in subalpine forests.The knowledge gained could be used to help define alternative forest management strategies oriented toward the enhancement of landscape heterogeneity as a measure to face future environmental uncertainty.
文摘海洋动物是南极气候变化的＂生物指示剂＂,其排泄物中丰富的碳（C）和氮（N）等营养物质为土壤中温室气体的产生与排放提供了有利条件,企鹅作为一种重要的海洋动物,因此其聚居区成为甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）等温室气体排放的潜在＂热点＂区域.然而,受企鹅数量遥感资料的限制,区域尺度上企鹅源温室气体排放总量尚缺乏精确估算.以南极维多利亚地难言岛企鹅聚集区为研究对象,基于0.1 m分辨率航拍照片发展了面向像元的RGB颜色模型法（pixel-oriented RGB color model）识别企鹅数量,通过企鹅粪便CH4和N2O排放通量、企鹅排便量等数据建立了企鹅源温室气体估算模型.结果显示,航拍照片中企鹅像元在RGB彩色空间模型中的R值（17~104）与其他背景像元（〉110）存在显著差异,该差异可以作为将企鹅与背景像元有效分离的理论依据;南极维多利亚地难言岛企鹅总数为19150只,企鹅源CH4和N2O排放总量分别约为275和2.99 kg.
