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宋朝限定沿海发舶港口问题新探 被引量:8
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作者 曹家齐 《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2013年第3期89-98,共10页
为便于对商船集中管理,有效获取市舶之利并加强海上禁防,宋朝从太宗时一度将发舶权限定在两浙市舶司,但行之未久。元丰三年八月起,始规定赴南蕃诸国贸易须从广州市舶司发舶,入日本高丽等国,则须从明州市舶司发舶,而回航住舶必须在原发... 为便于对商船集中管理,有效获取市舶之利并加强海上禁防,宋朝从太宗时一度将发舶权限定在两浙市舶司,但行之未久。元丰三年八月起,始规定赴南蕃诸国贸易须从广州市舶司发舶,入日本高丽等国,则须从明州市舶司发舶,而回航住舶必须在原发舶州。这一制度,造成泉州等贸易港口发舶甚为不便。为适应海外贸易之形势,元祐编敕,亦将回航住舶港口须为原发舶港口之限,改为至合发舶州住舶。从此,发舶港口则以杭、明、泉、广诸州为主。南宋时,因两浙发舶渐集中于明州,发舶港口则为明、泉、广三州,后期则以泉、广二州为主。至于住舶港口,则因三市舶司争利,或为原发舶州,或为合发舶州,曾有变动,但最终当以原发舶州为制度,只是具体执行情况未尽如人意。对发舶和住舶港口之限定,表面上看似可集中管控市舶之利和海上禁防,但由此产生的对海上贸易之垄断,则又导致发舶港口萧条、舶利亏损,而商贾纷纷冲破政府对港口之限定,改入其它港口贸易。利弊交错,时好时坏,在矛盾中挣扎、维持,应是宋朝市舶之政的真实写照。 展开更多
关键词 宋朝 港口 舶政
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British Early Intervention in the Slave Trade With Oman 1822-1873
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作者 Yusuf A. Al Ghailani 《History Research》 2015年第4期225-238,共14页
This study tackles the considerable role played by the slave trade in Oman (between 1822-1873). It also shows the direct relation between this trade and the active role played by the British government in suppressin... This study tackles the considerable role played by the slave trade in Oman (between 1822-1873). It also shows the direct relation between this trade and the active role played by the British government in suppressing this trade, which was supported by the law decreed by the British Parliament in 1807. This law declared the abolition of the slave trade considering in illegal in all ports under British jurisdiction and decreed a punishment of exile to all persons involved in this trade. In these circumstances Oman became one of the countries concerned and interested to work and cooperate with the British authorities to end this trade. This was shown in a number of treaties such as the treaty of 1822, 1839, 1845 with the Imam of Oman Sayyid Said bin Sultan and the treaty of 1849 with the Governor of Sohar, Sayyid Saif bin Hamud. These treaties gave the British Government, as represented by its fleet in the Indian Ocean the fight to check, inspect and confiscate any Omani ship found involved in the slave trade. This research also illustrates the role of the Omani government in enforcing these treaties by pursuing and bringing to court all those who were found guilty practicing this trade. One of the main subjects discussed during the period of study is the number of ships involved in this activity, the number of slaved carried by these ships and the legal measures taken against the owners of these ships. Both British and Omanis worked together to find effective ways and means to stop this trade. Finally this study depended on a number of British documents both published and unpublished as well as other European sources. 展开更多
关键词 Oman BRITISH Slave-Trade with Africa treaties SHIPS
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