The unreasonable deviation is an expression of breach of contract in maritime transport. Starting from the basic concept of the deviation,the paper introduces briefly and studies systematically the legal questions abo...The unreasonable deviation is an expression of breach of contract in maritime transport. Starting from the basic concept of the deviation,the paper introduces briefly and studies systematically the legal questions about deviation of the ship, the essential factors of the deviation,the standards for testing the reasonable or unreasonable deviation, the causation of the loss of property and the act of deviation,the legal liability for unreasonable展开更多
在海运网络中,枢纽港与喂给港之间的货物运输需要由支线船舶承担.支线船舶的路径规划不但要考虑如何使运输总成本最小,而且需要了解各个港口航道水深的限制,以便在潮汐涨退以及船舶装载量的影响下顺利地进出港.有别于经典的车辆路径规...在海运网络中,枢纽港与喂给港之间的货物运输需要由支线船舶承担.支线船舶的路径规划不但要考虑如何使运输总成本最小,而且需要了解各个港口航道水深的限制,以便在潮汐涨退以及船舶装载量的影响下顺利地进出港.有别于经典的车辆路径规划问题的时间窗限制(VRPTW,vehicle routing problem with time windows),本研究提出的“潮汐时间窗”与船舶路径的调整相互牵制,使得问题的求解具有挑战性.本研究在VRPTW模型的基础上建立了带有非线性潮汐时间窗约束的支线船舶路径规划模型(FSRPTTW,feeder ship routing problem with tidal time window),使用Dantzig-Wolfe方法将问题分解为主问题和子问题,并设计了列生成算法进行求解.通过数值实验与灵敏度分析验证了算法的有效性以及乘潮出入港的经济性.展开更多
Over the past few decades,an increasing number of marine activities have been conducted in the East China Sea,including the construction of various marine structures and the passage of large ships.Marine safety issues...Over the past few decades,an increasing number of marine activities have been conducted in the East China Sea,including the construction of various marine structures and the passage of large ships.Marine safety issues are paramount and are becoming more important with respect to the likely increase in size of ocean waves in relation to global climate change and associated typhoons.In addition,swells also can be very dangerous because they induce the resonance of floating structures,including ships.This study focuses on an investigation of swells in the East China Sea and uses hindcast data for waves over the past 5 years in a numerical model,WAVEWATCH III(WW3),together with historical climate data.The numerical calculation domain covers the entire North West Pacific.Next,swells are separated and analyzed using simulated wave fields,and both the characteristics and generation mechanisms of swells are investigated.展开更多
The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels ha...The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels have advantages to liners and for holding down the coast of ocean shipping but also raising concerns among vessel operation, insurance and they require for infrastructure adaptations and productivity level. Moreover further increase in ship size could result negative impacts and crises in recession.展开更多
Climate change is widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe today. One of the most urgent environmental problems facing shipping industry is the reduction of GHG （greenhouse gas） emission...Climate change is widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe today. One of the most urgent environmental problems facing shipping industry is the reduction of GHG （greenhouse gas） emissions from its operations. Given the growing concern of the international community on ＂the deep reduction of global GHG emissions＂, it cannot be expected that the non-regulation of maritime GHG emissions can further continue. This paper investigates the main challenges and threats of the development of two MBMs （market-based measures） for the reduction of GHG emissions from international shipping, i.e., the ＂global levy scheme on maritime GHG emissions＂ and the ＂maritime emission trading scheme＂. A SWOT （strengths weaknesses opportunities threat） analysis is used, in this survey, to evaluate the environmental effectiveness as well as the easiness of implementation of the two policy options. Moreover, we make apparent their strengths and weaknesses concerning abatement of maritime GHG emissions. Given the fact that the discussion regarding the implementation of some MBMs with maritime GHG-emission reduction potential is still carried out with the exception of EEDI （energy efficiency design index） and SEEMP （ship energy efficiency management plan）, this paper＇s results present special significance, as they could be further analyzed and taken into account during the adoption of any future MBM for the reduction of maritime GHG emissions.展开更多
Ship maneuverability, in the field of ship engineering, is often predicted by maneuvering motion group （MMG） mathematical model. Then it is necessary to determine hydrodynamic coefficients and interaction force coef...Ship maneuverability, in the field of ship engineering, is often predicted by maneuvering motion group （MMG） mathematical model. Then it is necessary to determine hydrodynamic coefficients and interaction force coefficients of the model. Based on the data of free running model test, the problem for obtaining these coefficients is called inverse one. For the inverse problem, ill-posedness is inherent, nonlinearity and great computation happen, and the computation is also insensitive, unstable and time-consuming. In the paper, a regularization method is introduced to solve ill-posed problem and genetic algorithm is used for nonlinear motion of ship maneuvering. In addition, the immunity is applied to solve the prematurity, to promote the global searching ability and to increase the converging speed. The combination of regularization method and immune genetic algorithm（RIGA） applied in MMG mathematical model, showed rapid converging speed and good stability.展开更多
文摘The unreasonable deviation is an expression of breach of contract in maritime transport. Starting from the basic concept of the deviation,the paper introduces briefly and studies systematically the legal questions about deviation of the ship, the essential factors of the deviation,the standards for testing the reasonable or unreasonable deviation, the causation of the loss of property and the act of deviation,the legal liability for unreasonable
文摘在海运网络中,枢纽港与喂给港之间的货物运输需要由支线船舶承担.支线船舶的路径规划不但要考虑如何使运输总成本最小,而且需要了解各个港口航道水深的限制,以便在潮汐涨退以及船舶装载量的影响下顺利地进出港.有别于经典的车辆路径规划问题的时间窗限制(VRPTW,vehicle routing problem with time windows),本研究提出的“潮汐时间窗”与船舶路径的调整相互牵制,使得问题的求解具有挑战性.本研究在VRPTW模型的基础上建立了带有非线性潮汐时间窗约束的支线船舶路径规划模型(FSRPTTW,feeder ship routing problem with tidal time window),使用Dantzig-Wolfe方法将问题分解为主问题和子问题,并设计了列生成算法进行求解.通过数值实验与灵敏度分析验证了算法的有效性以及乘潮出入港的经济性.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Nos.51579091,51379071,and 51137002)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.51425901)+3 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Basic Research Fund from State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University(Nos.20145027512 and 20145028412)the Short-term Research Visits project supported by Disaster Prevention Research Institute of Kyoto University(No.27S-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Hohai University(No.2016B05214)
文摘Over the past few decades,an increasing number of marine activities have been conducted in the East China Sea,including the construction of various marine structures and the passage of large ships.Marine safety issues are paramount and are becoming more important with respect to the likely increase in size of ocean waves in relation to global climate change and associated typhoons.In addition,swells also can be very dangerous because they induce the resonance of floating structures,including ships.This study focuses on an investigation of swells in the East China Sea and uses hindcast data for waves over the past 5 years in a numerical model,WAVEWATCH III(WW3),together with historical climate data.The numerical calculation domain covers the entire North West Pacific.Next,swells are separated and analyzed using simulated wave fields,and both the characteristics and generation mechanisms of swells are investigated.
文摘The size of container vessels has grown up in the past ten years and the trend prospect to be continued, according to analysis almost half of current ships order is for vessels exceeding 12,000 TEU＇s. Mega vessels have advantages to liners and for holding down the coast of ocean shipping but also raising concerns among vessel operation, insurance and they require for infrastructure adaptations and productivity level. Moreover further increase in ship size could result negative impacts and crises in recession.
文摘Climate change is widely recognized as the major environmental problem facing the globe today. One of the most urgent environmental problems facing shipping industry is the reduction of GHG （greenhouse gas） emissions from its operations. Given the growing concern of the international community on ＂the deep reduction of global GHG emissions＂, it cannot be expected that the non-regulation of maritime GHG emissions can further continue. This paper investigates the main challenges and threats of the development of two MBMs （market-based measures） for the reduction of GHG emissions from international shipping, i.e., the ＂global levy scheme on maritime GHG emissions＂ and the ＂maritime emission trading scheme＂. A SWOT （strengths weaknesses opportunities threat） analysis is used, in this survey, to evaluate the environmental effectiveness as well as the easiness of implementation of the two policy options. Moreover, we make apparent their strengths and weaknesses concerning abatement of maritime GHG emissions. Given the fact that the discussion regarding the implementation of some MBMs with maritime GHG-emission reduction potential is still carried out with the exception of EEDI （energy efficiency design index） and SEEMP （ship energy efficiency management plan）, this paper＇s results present special significance, as they could be further analyzed and taken into account during the adoption of any future MBM for the reduction of maritime GHG emissions.
文摘Ship maneuverability, in the field of ship engineering, is often predicted by maneuvering motion group （MMG） mathematical model. Then it is necessary to determine hydrodynamic coefficients and interaction force coefficients of the model. Based on the data of free running model test, the problem for obtaining these coefficients is called inverse one. For the inverse problem, ill-posedness is inherent, nonlinearity and great computation happen, and the computation is also insensitive, unstable and time-consuming. In the paper, a regularization method is introduced to solve ill-posed problem and genetic algorithm is used for nonlinear motion of ship maneuvering. In addition, the immunity is applied to solve the prematurity, to promote the global searching ability and to increase the converging speed. The combination of regularization method and immune genetic algorithm（RIGA） applied in MMG mathematical model, showed rapid converging speed and good stability.
