To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time...To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. SELDI-TOF-MS protein fingerprinting of serum from 105 brain tumor patients and healthy individuals, included 28 patients with glioma (Astrocytoma Ⅰ-Ⅳ), 37 patients with brain benign tumor, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals. Two thirds of the total samples of every compared pair as training set were used to set up discriminating patterns, and one third of total samples of every compared pair as test set were used to cross-validate; simultaneously, discriminate-cluster analysis derived SPSS 10.0 software was used to compare Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones. An accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 100% were obtained in a blinded test set comparing gliomas patients with healthy individuals; an accuracy of 86.4%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 85.7% were obtained when patient's gliomas was compared with benign brain tumor. Total accuracy of 85.7%, accuracy of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was 86.7%, accuracy ofⅢ-Ⅳ Astrocytoma was 84.6% were obtained when grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was compared with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones (discriminant analysis). SELDI-TOF-MS combined with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the use of selected biomarkers showed great potential application for the discrimination of gliomas patients from healthy individuals and glioma from brain benign tumors.展开更多
AIM To assess the value of combined acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) imaging, serological indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. METHODS Pati...AIM To assess the value of combined acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) imaging, serological indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. METHODS Patients with liver lesions treated at our hospital were included in this study. The lesions were divided into either a malignant tumor group or a benign tumor group according to pathological or radiological findings. ARFI quantitative detection, serological testing and CEUS quantitative detection were performed and compared. A comparative analysis of the measured indexes was performed between these groups. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ARFI imaging, serological indexes and CEUS, alone or in different combinations, in identifying benign and malignant liver lesions. RESULTS A total of 112 liver lesions in 43 patients were included, of which 78 were malignant and 34 were benign. Shear wave velocity(SWV) value, serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) content and enhancement rate were significantly higher in the malignant tumor group than in the benign tumor group(2.39 ± 1.20 m/s vs 1.50 ± 0.49 m/s, 18.02 ± 5.01 ng/m L vs 15.96 ± 4.33 ng/m L, 2.14 ± 0.21 d B/s vs 2.01 ± 0.31 d B/s; P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves(AUCs) of SWV value alone, AFP content alone, enhancement rate alone, SWV value + AFP content, SWV value + enhancement rate, AFP content + enhancement rate and SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate were 85.1%, 72.1%, 74.5%, 88.3%, 90.4%, 82.0% and 92.3%, respectively. The AUC of SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate was higher than those of SWV value + AFP content and SWV value + enhancement rate, and significantly higher than those of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters.CONCLUSION The combination of SWV, AFP and enhancement rate had better diagnostic performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions than the use of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters. It is expected that this would provide a tool for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions.展开更多
Schwannomas are peripheral nerve tumors that are typically solitary and benign.Their diagnosis is largely based on surgically resected specimens.Recently,a number of case reports have indicated that retroperitoneal sc...Schwannomas are peripheral nerve tumors that are typically solitary and benign.Their diagnosis is largely based on surgically resected specimens.Recently,a number of case reports have indicated that retroperitoneal schwannomas could be diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).We report the diagnosis of three cases of schwannoma using EUS-FNA.Subjects were two males and one female,ages 22,40,and 46 years,respectively,all of whom were symptom-free.Imaging findings showed well-circumscribed round tumors.However,as the tumors could not be diagnosed using these findings alone,EUS-FNA was performed.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the resulting tissue fragments revealed bland spindle cells with nuclear palisading.There was no disparity in nuclear sizes.Immunostaining revealed S-100 protein positivity and all cases were diagnosed as schwannomas.Ki-67 indexes were 3%-15%,2%-3%,and 3%,respectively.No case showed any signs of malignancy.As most schwannomas are benign tumors and seldom become malignant,we observed these patients without therapy.All tumors demonstrated no enlargement and no change in characteristics.Schwannomas are almost always benign and can be observed following diagnosis by EUS-FNA.展开更多
Small intestinal hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor.There was only one report of a hemolymphangioma of the pancreas invading to the duodenum until March 2011.Here we describe the first case of small intestin...Small intestinal hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor.There was only one report of a hemolymphangioma of the pancreas invading to the duodenum until March 2011.Here we describe the first case of small intestinal hemolymphangioma with bleeding in a 57-year-old woman.She presented with persistent gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopy revealed a small intestinal tumor.Partial resection of the small intestine was thus performed and the final pathological diagnosis was hemolymphangioma.We also highlight the difficultly in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis in spite of modern imaging techniques.To arrive at a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignancy,partial resection of the small intestine was considered to be the required treatment.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess diagnostic performance of MSCT images in patients with parotid benign tumors and provide useful criteria for the characterization of their various pathological types pr...Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess diagnostic performance of MSCT images in patients with parotid benign tumors and provide useful criteria for the characterization of their various pathological types preoperatively. Methods: Retrospectively analyzed clinical and imaging characteristics of 84 cases of pathologically confirmed primary parotid benign tumors. MSCT plain-scan and enhanced-scan were performed in all cases. After injection of 50 mL contrast material at a rate of 3.5 mL/s,spiral CT scans were obtained at arterial and venous phases with scanning delay of 30 s and 75 s,respectively. The attenuation change and enhancement patterns in the tumors were assessed. Quantitatively assess the increased CT number of the tumors in different enhanced-phases compared with the plain-scan and the ratio of increased CT number at venous phase scanning to that at arterial phase scanning also was calculated. Results:In all of 84 cases,40 cases were solitary pleomorphic adenomas,29 cases were adenolyphomas,6 cases were multiple tumors,2 cases were bilateral,15 cases were Basal cell tumor,and one of them had two small lesions. The diameter was 1–5 cm in most of cases,whose margin was smooth and clear,cystic changes in some cases. At two-phase scans,pleomorphic adenomas showed a pattern of slight enhancement and venous enhancement,adenolymphomas showed a pattern of strong enhancement at arterial phase scanning with a decrease at venous phase scanning,basal cell tumor showed a pattern of persistent strong enhancement with commonly significant cystic areas. The ratio of increased CT number was significant different between adenolymphomas and other pathological types. Conclusion: The evaluation of enhancement patterns at two-phase enhanced-scan MSCT is helpful in the differential diagnosis of parotid gland benign tumors.展开更多
Despite its role in disease there is still no definitive method to assess oesophago-gastric junction competence （OGJ）. Traditionally the OGJ has been assessed using manometry with lower oesophageal sphincter pressur...Despite its role in disease there is still no definitive method to assess oesophago-gastric junction competence （OGJ）. Traditionally the OGJ has been assessed using manometry with lower oesophageal sphincter pressure as the indicator. More recently this has been shown not to be a very reliable marker of sphincter function and competence against reflux. Disorders such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and to a lesser extend achalasia still effects a significant number of patients. This review looks at using a new technique known as impedance planimetry to profile the geometry and pressure in the OGJ during distension of a bag. The data gathered can be reconstructed into a dynamic representation of OGJ action. This has been shown to provide a useful representation of the OGJ and to show changes to the competence of the OGJ in terms of compliance and distensibility as a result of endoluminal therapy.展开更多
Objective The accurate diagnosis of the non-specific variant of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor （DNT） is very difficult because it is characterized by absence of the histological hallmark of the ＂specific gl...Objective The accurate diagnosis of the non-specific variant of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor （DNT） is very difficult because it is characterized by absence of the histological hallmark of the ＂specific glioneuronal element＂ in lesions. We herein present two cases of the non-specific form of DNT to analyze the clinical, radiological, and histological features of this unusual subtype of DNT. Methods A 16-year-old and a 23-year-old patient had been treated for pharmacoresistant epilepsy for several years before undergoing referral to the hospital for further examination and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed that both patients had a small, well-demarcated cystic lesion within the cortex of the brain without obvious contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema. The lesions were totally resected and routinely examined using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results Both lesions exhibited similar histological appearances with cyst formation and mural nodule architecture. The glial nodules were mainly composed of oligodendrocyte-like components, and partly of pi^oid cells resembling pilocytic astrocytoma. The cortex adjacent to the lesion in both cases was found to have the histological features of focal cortical dysplasia （FCD） Type I. Immunohistochemically, the oligoden- drocyte-like components were diffusely positive for Syn and Olig-2, but staining for CD34, p53, and IDH1 R132H was negative. The Ki-67 （MIB-1） labeling index was low, approximately 1%. There was no 1p/19q co-deletion in either lesion by fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） assay. Neither patient received postoperative adjuvant treatment, and both underwent regular follow-up for at least 24 months. No signs of recurrence or epileptic attacks were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The non-specific variant of DNT is a diagnostic challenge for pathologists in clinical practice, and differentiation from some low-grade gliomas needs to be considered. The careful inspection of radio- logic and histopathologic findings, accompanied by analysis of patients＇ clinical manifestations, may be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to detect the valuable ultrasonographic features in diagnosing prostate cancer.Methods:The patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound in the period from May 2005 to October 2009 a...Objective:The aim of the study was to detect the valuable ultrasonographic features in diagnosing prostate cancer.Methods:The patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound in the period from May 2005 to October 2009 at the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,China,were included,with needle biopsy diagnosis for patients with the prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia.Seventy-four cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma,compared with 51 cases diagnosed as prostatic hyperplasia.Retrospective analysis of patients with transrectal ultrasound were done,comparing the difference between the two groups in the echo level (hypoechogenic),outlines (ill-defined margin),posterior acoustic attenuation,periphery halo,microcalcification incidence,the blood supply level,peak systolic velocity (Vs) and resistance index (RI).Results:The ratios of hypoechogenic lesions in the prostate cancer group and prostatic hyperplasia group were 56.76% and 35.90%,respectively (P<0.05),the ratios of irregular outlines were 85.14% and 15.38% respectively (P<0.05),the ratios of microcalcification were 39.19% and 10.26%,respectively (P < 0.05),the ratios of posterior acoustic attenuation were 41.89% and 12.82%,respectively (P<0.05),and the ratios of periphery halo were 35.14% and 38.46% respectively (P>0.05).Vs of the two groups were (44.00 ± 15.30) cm/s and (17.32 ± 4.65) cm/s,respectively (P<0.05).RI of the two groups were 0.76 ± 0.10,and 0.51 ± 0.03 respectively (P<0.05).The significant correlation was designated in the blood supply level between the prostate cancer group and prostatic hyperplasia group (r=-0.388,P<0.01).Higher revascularization grade was seen in the prostate cancer group compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia group.Conclusion:(1) The significant roles for diagnosing prostate cancer are hypoechogenic,irregular outlines,spiculation,microcalcification,high revascularization grade,posterior acoustic attenuation,high Vs and high RI.(2) It could not help in diagnosing prostate cancer with ultrasonographic periphery halo or not.展开更多
文摘To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. SELDI-TOF-MS protein fingerprinting of serum from 105 brain tumor patients and healthy individuals, included 28 patients with glioma (Astrocytoma Ⅰ-Ⅳ), 37 patients with brain benign tumor, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals. Two thirds of the total samples of every compared pair as training set were used to set up discriminating patterns, and one third of total samples of every compared pair as test set were used to cross-validate; simultaneously, discriminate-cluster analysis derived SPSS 10.0 software was used to compare Astrocytoma grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones. An accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 100% were obtained in a blinded test set comparing gliomas patients with healthy individuals; an accuracy of 86.4%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 85.7% were obtained when patient's gliomas was compared with benign brain tumor. Total accuracy of 85.7%, accuracy of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was 86.7%, accuracy ofⅢ-Ⅳ Astrocytoma was 84.6% were obtained when grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ Astrocytoma was compared with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ ones (discriminant analysis). SELDI-TOF-MS combined with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the use of selected biomarkers showed great potential application for the discrimination of gliomas patients from healthy individuals and glioma from brain benign tumors.
基金Supported by Yangpu District Health and Family Planning Commission,Yangpu District Science and Technology Commission,No.YP15M18Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.201540032
文摘AIM To assess the value of combined acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) imaging, serological indexes and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions. METHODS Patients with liver lesions treated at our hospital were included in this study. The lesions were divided into either a malignant tumor group or a benign tumor group according to pathological or radiological findings. ARFI quantitative detection, serological testing and CEUS quantitative detection were performed and compared. A comparative analysis of the measured indexes was performed between these groups. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were constructed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ARFI imaging, serological indexes and CEUS, alone or in different combinations, in identifying benign and malignant liver lesions. RESULTS A total of 112 liver lesions in 43 patients were included, of which 78 were malignant and 34 were benign. Shear wave velocity(SWV) value, serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) content and enhancement rate were significantly higher in the malignant tumor group than in the benign tumor group(2.39 ± 1.20 m/s vs 1.50 ± 0.49 m/s, 18.02 ± 5.01 ng/m L vs 15.96 ± 4.33 ng/m L, 2.14 ± 0.21 d B/s vs 2.01 ± 0.31 d B/s; P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curves(AUCs) of SWV value alone, AFP content alone, enhancement rate alone, SWV value + AFP content, SWV value + enhancement rate, AFP content + enhancement rate and SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate were 85.1%, 72.1%, 74.5%, 88.3%, 90.4%, 82.0% and 92.3%, respectively. The AUC of SWV value + AFP content + enhancement rate was higher than those of SWV value + AFP content and SWV value + enhancement rate, and significantly higher than those of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters.CONCLUSION The combination of SWV, AFP and enhancement rate had better diagnostic performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant liver lesions than the use of any single parameter or the combination of any two of parameters. It is expected that this would provide a tool for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions.
文摘Schwannomas are peripheral nerve tumors that are typically solitary and benign.Their diagnosis is largely based on surgically resected specimens.Recently,a number of case reports have indicated that retroperitoneal schwannomas could be diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).We report the diagnosis of three cases of schwannoma using EUS-FNA.Subjects were two males and one female,ages 22,40,and 46 years,respectively,all of whom were symptom-free.Imaging findings showed well-circumscribed round tumors.However,as the tumors could not be diagnosed using these findings alone,EUS-FNA was performed.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the resulting tissue fragments revealed bland spindle cells with nuclear palisading.There was no disparity in nuclear sizes.Immunostaining revealed S-100 protein positivity and all cases were diagnosed as schwannomas.Ki-67 indexes were 3%-15%,2%-3%,and 3%,respectively.No case showed any signs of malignancy.As most schwannomas are benign tumors and seldom become malignant,we observed these patients without therapy.All tumors demonstrated no enlargement and no change in characteristics.Schwannomas are almost always benign and can be observed following diagnosis by EUS-FNA.
文摘Small intestinal hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor.There was only one report of a hemolymphangioma of the pancreas invading to the duodenum until March 2011.Here we describe the first case of small intestinal hemolymphangioma with bleeding in a 57-year-old woman.She presented with persistent gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopy revealed a small intestinal tumor.Partial resection of the small intestine was thus performed and the final pathological diagnosis was hemolymphangioma.We also highlight the difficultly in making an accurate preoperative diagnosis in spite of modern imaging techniques.To arrive at a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignancy,partial resection of the small intestine was considered to be the required treatment.
文摘Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess diagnostic performance of MSCT images in patients with parotid benign tumors and provide useful criteria for the characterization of their various pathological types preoperatively. Methods: Retrospectively analyzed clinical and imaging characteristics of 84 cases of pathologically confirmed primary parotid benign tumors. MSCT plain-scan and enhanced-scan were performed in all cases. After injection of 50 mL contrast material at a rate of 3.5 mL/s,spiral CT scans were obtained at arterial and venous phases with scanning delay of 30 s and 75 s,respectively. The attenuation change and enhancement patterns in the tumors were assessed. Quantitatively assess the increased CT number of the tumors in different enhanced-phases compared with the plain-scan and the ratio of increased CT number at venous phase scanning to that at arterial phase scanning also was calculated. Results:In all of 84 cases,40 cases were solitary pleomorphic adenomas,29 cases were adenolyphomas,6 cases were multiple tumors,2 cases were bilateral,15 cases were Basal cell tumor,and one of them had two small lesions. The diameter was 1–5 cm in most of cases,whose margin was smooth and clear,cystic changes in some cases. At two-phase scans,pleomorphic adenomas showed a pattern of slight enhancement and venous enhancement,adenolymphomas showed a pattern of strong enhancement at arterial phase scanning with a decrease at venous phase scanning,basal cell tumor showed a pattern of persistent strong enhancement with commonly significant cystic areas. The ratio of increased CT number was significant different between adenolymphomas and other pathological types. Conclusion: The evaluation of enhancement patterns at two-phase enhanced-scan MSCT is helpful in the differential diagnosis of parotid gland benign tumors.
文摘Despite its role in disease there is still no definitive method to assess oesophago-gastric junction competence （OGJ）. Traditionally the OGJ has been assessed using manometry with lower oesophageal sphincter pressure as the indicator. More recently this has been shown not to be a very reliable marker of sphincter function and competence against reflux. Disorders such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and to a lesser extend achalasia still effects a significant number of patients. This review looks at using a new technique known as impedance planimetry to profile the geometry and pressure in the OGJ during distension of a bag. The data gathered can be reconstructed into a dynamic representation of OGJ action. This has been shown to provide a useful representation of the OGJ and to show changes to the competence of the OGJ in terms of compliance and distensibility as a result of endoluminal therapy.
文摘Objective The accurate diagnosis of the non-specific variant of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor （DNT） is very difficult because it is characterized by absence of the histological hallmark of the ＂specific glioneuronal element＂ in lesions. We herein present two cases of the non-specific form of DNT to analyze the clinical, radiological, and histological features of this unusual subtype of DNT. Methods A 16-year-old and a 23-year-old patient had been treated for pharmacoresistant epilepsy for several years before undergoing referral to the hospital for further examination and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed that both patients had a small, well-demarcated cystic lesion within the cortex of the brain without obvious contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema. The lesions were totally resected and routinely examined using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results Both lesions exhibited similar histological appearances with cyst formation and mural nodule architecture. The glial nodules were mainly composed of oligodendrocyte-like components, and partly of pi^oid cells resembling pilocytic astrocytoma. The cortex adjacent to the lesion in both cases was found to have the histological features of focal cortical dysplasia （FCD） Type I. Immunohistochemically, the oligoden- drocyte-like components were diffusely positive for Syn and Olig-2, but staining for CD34, p53, and IDH1 R132H was negative. The Ki-67 （MIB-1） labeling index was low, approximately 1%. There was no 1p/19q co-deletion in either lesion by fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） assay. Neither patient received postoperative adjuvant treatment, and both underwent regular follow-up for at least 24 months. No signs of recurrence or epileptic attacks were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion The non-specific variant of DNT is a diagnostic challenge for pathologists in clinical practice, and differentiation from some low-grade gliomas needs to be considered. The careful inspection of radio- logic and histopathologic findings, accompanied by analysis of patients＇ clinical manifestations, may be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis.
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to detect the valuable ultrasonographic features in diagnosing prostate cancer.Methods:The patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound in the period from May 2005 to October 2009 at the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University,China,were included,with needle biopsy diagnosis for patients with the prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia.Seventy-four cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma,compared with 51 cases diagnosed as prostatic hyperplasia.Retrospective analysis of patients with transrectal ultrasound were done,comparing the difference between the two groups in the echo level (hypoechogenic),outlines (ill-defined margin),posterior acoustic attenuation,periphery halo,microcalcification incidence,the blood supply level,peak systolic velocity (Vs) and resistance index (RI).Results:The ratios of hypoechogenic lesions in the prostate cancer group and prostatic hyperplasia group were 56.76% and 35.90%,respectively (P<0.05),the ratios of irregular outlines were 85.14% and 15.38% respectively (P<0.05),the ratios of microcalcification were 39.19% and 10.26%,respectively (P < 0.05),the ratios of posterior acoustic attenuation were 41.89% and 12.82%,respectively (P<0.05),and the ratios of periphery halo were 35.14% and 38.46% respectively (P>0.05).Vs of the two groups were (44.00 ± 15.30) cm/s and (17.32 ± 4.65) cm/s,respectively (P<0.05).RI of the two groups were 0.76 ± 0.10,and 0.51 ± 0.03 respectively (P<0.05).The significant correlation was designated in the blood supply level between the prostate cancer group and prostatic hyperplasia group (r=-0.388,P<0.01).Higher revascularization grade was seen in the prostate cancer group compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia group.Conclusion:(1) The significant roles for diagnosing prostate cancer are hypoechogenic,irregular outlines,spiculation,microcalcification,high revascularization grade,posterior acoustic attenuation,high Vs and high RI.(2) It could not help in diagnosing prostate cancer with ultrasonographic periphery halo or not.
