Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the...Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.展开更多
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in Uganda using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The stu...The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in Uganda using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The study employed cross-sectional household data collected in 2005/2006 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics （UBOS） across the country. Data were divided into two parts; the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample （those that cultivated less than 5 acres or 2 Hectares of maize in 2004 and 2005）. Then estimation was made of the difference in yields between the adopters and non adopters, the average treatment effect on the treated （ATT） for the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample. Matching methods were used to control for hidden selection bias and the standardized bias measure was used to check for the quality of matching. The results indicate that adoption of improved maize seed had a robust positive and significant effect on yields obtained by farmers. The results were consistent for both the full and smallholder farmer sub-samples. Sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds indicated that the ATT results were fairly robust to hidden selection bias. That is, the results were not sensitive to unobserved selection bias. Therefore it is confidently asserted that the estimated average difference in maize yields between the adopters and non-adopters was due to the effect of planting improved maize seed.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To systematically research the postmarketing safety of Dengfeng shenmai injection, identify potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety. METHODS: We investigated a comprehensive series of studies...OBJECTIVE: To systematically research the postmarketing safety of Dengfeng shenmai injection, identify potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety. METHODS: We investigated a comprehensive series of studies on the production process, quality standards, pharmacology, postmarketing clinical studies, and safety evaluation of Shenmai injection, including literature analysis of adverse drug reaction(ADR) case analysis and systematic review. Data from the hospital information system(HIS) and spontaneous reporting system(SRS) were also analyzed. RESULTS: The approximate dosage leading to death in dogs is 45.0-67.5 g raw drug/kg and the toxic reactions are restlessness, skin irritation, salivation, and vomiting. The results of chronic toxicity tests in mice and dogs, and the other tests such as 6-month toxicity, drug safety, genetic toxicity, and reproductive toxicity of rats and dogs, were positive or qualified. Patient ADR history and ADR family history were closely associated with itching based on the data analysis from SRS. There was no damage to renal function from Shenmai injection use at a dosage and a treatment course outside the recommended dosage and treatment course as specified based on data analysis from HIS. The most common ADR from Shenmai injection are difficulty breathing, facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, skin itching, rash, and back pain. CONCLUSION: This study includes complete information on Shenmai injection ADR incidence rate. We found that Shenmai injection is safe and this study can provide clinical, research, and production institutions with an objective, reliable, and scientific basis for use of Shenmai injection.展开更多
文摘Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.
文摘The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in Uganda using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The study employed cross-sectional household data collected in 2005/2006 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics （UBOS） across the country. Data were divided into two parts; the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample （those that cultivated less than 5 acres or 2 Hectares of maize in 2004 and 2005）. Then estimation was made of the difference in yields between the adopters and non adopters, the average treatment effect on the treated （ATT） for the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample. Matching methods were used to control for hidden selection bias and the standardized bias measure was used to check for the quality of matching. The results indicate that adoption of improved maize seed had a robust positive and significant effect on yields obtained by farmers. The results were consistent for both the full and smallholder farmer sub-samples. Sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds indicated that the ATT results were fairly robust to hidden selection bias. That is, the results were not sensitive to unobserved selection bias. Therefore it is confidently asserted that the estimated average difference in maize yields between the adopters and non-adopters was due to the effect of planting improved maize seed.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major Projects for "Major New Drugs Innovation and Development":Study on Key Technologies of Postmarketing Evaluation for Chinese Medicine(No.2009ZX09502-030)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To systematically research the postmarketing safety of Dengfeng shenmai injection, identify potential risk factors, and ensure its clinical safety. METHODS: We investigated a comprehensive series of studies on the production process, quality standards, pharmacology, postmarketing clinical studies, and safety evaluation of Shenmai injection, including literature analysis of adverse drug reaction(ADR) case analysis and systematic review. Data from the hospital information system(HIS) and spontaneous reporting system(SRS) were also analyzed. RESULTS: The approximate dosage leading to death in dogs is 45.0-67.5 g raw drug/kg and the toxic reactions are restlessness, skin irritation, salivation, and vomiting. The results of chronic toxicity tests in mice and dogs, and the other tests such as 6-month toxicity, drug safety, genetic toxicity, and reproductive toxicity of rats and dogs, were positive or qualified. Patient ADR history and ADR family history were closely associated with itching based on the data analysis from SRS. There was no damage to renal function from Shenmai injection use at a dosage and a treatment course outside the recommended dosage and treatment course as specified based on data analysis from HIS. The most common ADR from Shenmai injection are difficulty breathing, facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, skin itching, rash, and back pain. CONCLUSION: This study includes complete information on Shenmai injection ADR incidence rate. We found that Shenmai injection is safe and this study can provide clinical, research, and production institutions with an objective, reliable, and scientific basis for use of Shenmai injection.
