To describe a modified technique for performing sutureless sclerotomies for pa rs plana vitrectomy and to examine its efficacy and safety. Retrospective, inter ventional case series. Selfsealing sclerotomies were crea...To describe a modified technique for performing sutureless sclerotomies for pa rs plana vitrectomy and to examine its efficacy and safety. Retrospective, inter ventional case series. Selfsealing sclerotomies were created in 35 consecutive c ases by oblique penetration of the sclera with a 19G MVR blade. All but two (2.9 %) of the sclerotomies were watertight without suturing at the end of surgery. A conjunctival bleb was observed during the first postoperative week in one case , but it resolved without intervention. Construction of sutureless sclerotomies by this technique is simpler and more rapid compared with previously described t echniques. The resulting sclerotomies are more resistant to stretching and teari ng of the tunnel’s roof, they rarely need suturing, and insertion of instrument s is facilitated.展开更多
The improved tanh function method [Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 43 （2005） 585] is further improved by generalizing the ansatz solution of the considered equation. As its application, the （2＋1）-dimensio...The improved tanh function method [Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 43 （2005） 585] is further improved by generalizing the ansatz solution of the considered equation. As its application, the （2＋1）-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations are considered and abundant new exact non-travelling wave solutions are obtained.展开更多
AIM:The pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia(NUD)remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether gastric emptying rate in NUD patients was associated with Helicobacter pylori(Hpyl...AIM:The pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia(NUD)remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether gastric emptying rate in NUD patients was associated with Helicobacter pylori(Hpylori) infection and whether it was affected by eradication of the infection. METHODS:Gastric emptying rate of a mixed solid-liquid meal was assessed by the paracetamol absorption method in NUD patients and asymptomatic controls(n=17).Hpylori status was assessed by serology and biopsy urease test. H pylori-positive NUD patients(n=23)received 10-day triple eradication therapy.Hpyloristatus was re-assessed by biopsy urease test four weeks later,and if eradication was confirmed,gastric emptying rate was re-evaluated. RESULTS:Thirty-three NUD patients and 17 controls were evaluated.NUD patients had significantly delayed gastric emptying compared with controls.The mean maximum plasma paracetamol concentration divided by body mass (Cmax/BM)was 0.173 and 0.224 mg/L.kg respectively (P=0.02),the mean area under plasma paracetamol concentration-time curve divided by body mass(AUC/BM) was 18.42 and 24.39 mg.min/L.kg respectively(P=0.01). Gastric emptying rate did not differ significantly between H pylori-positive and H pylori-negative NUD patients.The mean Cmax/BM was 0.172 and 0.177 mg/L·kg respectively (P=0.58),the mean AUC/BM was 18.43 and 18.38 mg·min/ L·kg respectively(P=0.91).Among 14 NUD patients who were initially H pylori-positive,confirmed eradication of the infection did not significantly alter gastric emptying rate. The mean Cmax/BM was 0.171 and 0.160 mg/L.kg before and after Hp eradication,respectively(P=0.64),the mean AUC/BM was 17.41 and 18.02 mg.min/L.kg before and after eradication,respectively(P=0.93). CONCLUSION:Although gastric emptying is delayed in NUD patients compared with controls,gastric emptying rate is not associated with H pylori status nor it is affected by eradication of the infection.展开更多
Objective: To observe the efficacy of Shenmai injection in the treatment for adverse reactions of chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 45 NSCLC patients with stages IIIb-IV were random...Objective: To observe the efficacy of Shenmai injection in the treatment for adverse reactions of chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 45 NSCLC patients with stages IIIb-IV were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (treated by chemotherapy combined with Shenmai injection) and the control group (treated by chemotherapy only). The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 3 cycles of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the recent curative effects (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences between them in Karnofsky score and weight (P < 0.05). The treatment group was better than the control group in preventing leucopenia and decreased hemoglobin, and significant differences were found between them (P < 0.05). The incidence of thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, hepatic and renal dysfunction in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant differences were found between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Shenmai injection would not influence the efficacy of chemotherapy on advanced NSCLC patients, while it could improve the quality of life, increase the body weight of patients, alleviate adverse reactions of chemotherapy as myelosuppression so as to improve the tolerance of organism to chemotherapy.展开更多
Before farmers can benefit from new improved maize varieties with novel genetic information, new maize varieties have to undergo performance testing, registration and approval. The registration procedures require that...Before farmers can benefit from new improved maize varieties with novel genetic information, new maize varieties have to undergo performance testing, registration and approval. The registration procedures require that new maize varieties must pass the tests for value for cultivation and use （VCU） and standardized tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability （DUS）. To meet the minimum requirements for variety release, public and private sector maize breeding programs routinely assemble breeding nurseries and evaluate variety performance in National and Regional Performance Trials （NRPT） with the objective of generating important agronomic data to identify the best maize varieties for release. In spite of intensive variety evaluation in regional and national trials, only few maize varieties have been registered and released annually in sub-Saharan Africa （SSA） denying farmers access to new improved varieties. The purpose of this study was to identify constraints hampering the registration and release of elite maize gennplasm and make recommends on how to quicken the deployment of elite germplasm to smallholders＇ farmers. A survey was conducted on the varietal testing and release systems in 14 selected countries （Angola, Benin, Ethiopia, Malawi, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe） in SSA. The results from the study show that regulations on variety testing and release procedures in the various countries are overlapping and rigid hindering the deployment and commercialization of new improved maize germplasm. The study also showed that varietal release rates fluctuated between countries with South Africa having the highest number of varietal release rates per year and some countries failing to release a single variety per year.展开更多
AIM: It is controversial whether patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) respond differently to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication treatment than those with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). To review the evidence f...AIM: It is controversial whether patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) respond differently to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication treatment than those with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). To review the evidence for any difference in H pylorieradication rates between PUD and NUD patients. METHODS: A literature search for full articles and meeting abstracts to July 2004 was conducted. We included studies evaluating the efficacy of a proton pump inhibitor (P) or ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) plus two antibiotics of clarithromycin (C), amoxicillin (A), metronidazole (M), or P-based quadruple therapies for eradicating the infection. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the criteria. No significant difference in eradication rates was found between PUD and NUD patients when treated with 7-d RBCCA, 10-d PCA or P-based quadruple therapies. When the 7-d PCA was used, the pooled H pylori eradication rate was 82.1% (431/525) and 72.6% (448/617) for PUD and NUD patients, respectively, yielding a RR of 1.15 (95%CI 1.01-1.29). However, the statistically significant difference was seen only in meeting abstracts, but not in full publications. CONCLUSION: There is no convincing evidence to suggest that NUD patients respond to H pylori eradication treatments differently from those with PUD, although a trend exists with the 7-d PCA therapy.展开更多
Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxi...Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots.展开更多
In the present paper, we established a traveling wave solution by using modified Kudryashov method for the space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations. The method is used to obtain the exact solutio...In the present paper, we established a traveling wave solution by using modified Kudryashov method for the space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations. The method is used to obtain the exact solutions for different types of the space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations such as, the space-time fractional coupled equal width wave equation(CEWE) and the space-time fractional coupled modified equal width wave equation(CMEW), which are the important soliton equations. Both equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by the use of fractional complex transform and properties of modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. We plot the exact solutions for these equations at different time levels.展开更多
Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regard...Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regarded as the most important effect of prenatal GCs. However, report about the prolonged effects of prenatal GCs on the development of rat lung is of limited. In this study, we tried to investigate the acute and chronic modulation effects of prenatal dexamethasone （DEX） to asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA）/nitric oxide （NO） signal pathway of lung tissue. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at gestational day 14-20 were administered i.p. DEX （0.1 mg· kg-1 ·d-1）. Acute programming effects of prenatal DEX were assessed at postnatal day 7, and long-term programming effects of offspring were assessed at day 120. We found that repetitive prenatal DEX exposure contributes to DNA oxidative damage and alveolar tissue dysplasia. Prenatal DEX treatment decreased ADMA and increased iNOS expres- sion. Prenatal DEX treatment also increased TNF-α transcript expression and decreased HDAC2 protein expression at acute stage. In conclusion, repetitive prenatal DEX has prolonged stress damage effects on lung tissue.展开更多
文摘To describe a modified technique for performing sutureless sclerotomies for pa rs plana vitrectomy and to examine its efficacy and safety. Retrospective, inter ventional case series. Selfsealing sclerotomies were created in 35 consecutive c ases by oblique penetration of the sclera with a 19G MVR blade. All but two (2.9 %) of the sclerotomies were watertight without suturing at the end of surgery. A conjunctival bleb was observed during the first postoperative week in one case , but it resolved without intervention. Construction of sutureless sclerotomies by this technique is simpler and more rapid compared with previously described t echniques. The resulting sclerotomies are more resistant to stretching and teari ng of the tunnel’s roof, they rarely need suturing, and insertion of instrument s is facilitated.
文摘The improved tanh function method [Commun. Theor. Phys. （Beijing, China） 43 （2005） 585] is further improved by generalizing the ansatz solution of the considered equation. As its application, the （2＋1）-dimensional Broer-Kaup equations are considered and abundant new exact non-travelling wave solutions are obtained.
文摘AIM:The pathogenesis of delayed gastric emptying in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia(NUD)remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether gastric emptying rate in NUD patients was associated with Helicobacter pylori(Hpylori) infection and whether it was affected by eradication of the infection. METHODS:Gastric emptying rate of a mixed solid-liquid meal was assessed by the paracetamol absorption method in NUD patients and asymptomatic controls(n=17).Hpylori status was assessed by serology and biopsy urease test. H pylori-positive NUD patients(n=23)received 10-day triple eradication therapy.Hpyloristatus was re-assessed by biopsy urease test four weeks later,and if eradication was confirmed,gastric emptying rate was re-evaluated. RESULTS:Thirty-three NUD patients and 17 controls were evaluated.NUD patients had significantly delayed gastric emptying compared with controls.The mean maximum plasma paracetamol concentration divided by body mass (Cmax/BM)was 0.173 and 0.224 mg/L.kg respectively (P=0.02),the mean area under plasma paracetamol concentration-time curve divided by body mass(AUC/BM) was 18.42 and 24.39 mg.min/L.kg respectively(P=0.01). Gastric emptying rate did not differ significantly between H pylori-positive and H pylori-negative NUD patients.The mean Cmax/BM was 0.172 and 0.177 mg/L·kg respectively (P=0.58),the mean AUC/BM was 18.43 and 18.38 mg·min/ L·kg respectively(P=0.91).Among 14 NUD patients who were initially H pylori-positive,confirmed eradication of the infection did not significantly alter gastric emptying rate. The mean Cmax/BM was 0.171 and 0.160 mg/L.kg before and after Hp eradication,respectively(P=0.64),the mean AUC/BM was 17.41 and 18.02 mg.min/L.kg before and after eradication,respectively(P=0.93). CONCLUSION:Although gastric emptying is delayed in NUD patients compared with controls,gastric emptying rate is not associated with H pylori status nor it is affected by eradication of the infection.
文摘Objective: To observe the efficacy of Shenmai injection in the treatment for adverse reactions of chemotherapy on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 45 NSCLC patients with stages IIIb-IV were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (treated by chemotherapy combined with Shenmai injection) and the control group (treated by chemotherapy only). The efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after 3 cycles of treatment. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the recent curative effects (P > 0.05), while there were significant differences between them in Karnofsky score and weight (P < 0.05). The treatment group was better than the control group in preventing leucopenia and decreased hemoglobin, and significant differences were found between them (P < 0.05). The incidence of thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, hepatic and renal dysfunction in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, but no significant differences were found between them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Shenmai injection would not influence the efficacy of chemotherapy on advanced NSCLC patients, while it could improve the quality of life, increase the body weight of patients, alleviate adverse reactions of chemotherapy as myelosuppression so as to improve the tolerance of organism to chemotherapy.
文摘Before farmers can benefit from new improved maize varieties with novel genetic information, new maize varieties have to undergo performance testing, registration and approval. The registration procedures require that new maize varieties must pass the tests for value for cultivation and use （VCU） and standardized tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability （DUS）. To meet the minimum requirements for variety release, public and private sector maize breeding programs routinely assemble breeding nurseries and evaluate variety performance in National and Regional Performance Trials （NRPT） with the objective of generating important agronomic data to identify the best maize varieties for release. In spite of intensive variety evaluation in regional and national trials, only few maize varieties have been registered and released annually in sub-Saharan Africa （SSA） denying farmers access to new improved varieties. The purpose of this study was to identify constraints hampering the registration and release of elite maize gennplasm and make recommends on how to quicken the deployment of elite germplasm to smallholders＇ farmers. A survey was conducted on the varietal testing and release systems in 14 selected countries （Angola, Benin, Ethiopia, Malawi, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe） in SSA. The results from the study show that regulations on variety testing and release procedures in the various countries are overlapping and rigid hindering the deployment and commercialization of new improved maize germplasm. The study also showed that varietal release rates fluctuated between countries with South Africa having the highest number of varietal release rates per year and some countries failing to release a single variety per year.
文摘AIM: It is controversial whether patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) respond differently to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication treatment than those with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). To review the evidence for any difference in H pylorieradication rates between PUD and NUD patients. METHODS: A literature search for full articles and meeting abstracts to July 2004 was conducted. We included studies evaluating the efficacy of a proton pump inhibitor (P) or ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) plus two antibiotics of clarithromycin (C), amoxicillin (A), metronidazole (M), or P-based quadruple therapies for eradicating the infection. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies met the criteria. No significant difference in eradication rates was found between PUD and NUD patients when treated with 7-d RBCCA, 10-d PCA or P-based quadruple therapies. When the 7-d PCA was used, the pooled H pylori eradication rate was 82.1% (431/525) and 72.6% (448/617) for PUD and NUD patients, respectively, yielding a RR of 1.15 (95%CI 1.01-1.29). However, the statistically significant difference was seen only in meeting abstracts, but not in full publications. CONCLUSION: There is no convincing evidence to suggest that NUD patients respond to H pylori eradication treatments differently from those with PUD, although a trend exists with the 7-d PCA therapy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31071847 and 31172026)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20104404110016)the Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong, China
文摘Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots.
文摘In the present paper, we established a traveling wave solution by using modified Kudryashov method for the space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations. The method is used to obtain the exact solutions for different types of the space-time fractional nonlinear partial differential equations such as, the space-time fractional coupled equal width wave equation(CEWE) and the space-time fractional coupled modified equal width wave equation(CMEW), which are the important soliton equations. Both equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by the use of fractional complex transform and properties of modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. We plot the exact solutions for these equations at different time levels.
基金supported in part by Grants CMRPG8B0141,CMRPG8B0142(H.R.Yu),CMRPG8C0171(C.H.Kang)NSC 102-2314-B-182A-042-MY3(H.R.Yu)from the National Science Council
文摘Prenatal glucocorticoids （GCs） have been used to induce maturation of preterm fetal lungs and prevent the development of respiratory distress syndrome of the premature. Pulmonary surfactant induction has been regarded as the most important effect of prenatal GCs. However, report about the prolonged effects of prenatal GCs on the development of rat lung is of limited. In this study, we tried to investigate the acute and chronic modulation effects of prenatal dexamethasone （DEX） to asymmetric dimethylarginine （ADMA）/nitric oxide （NO） signal pathway of lung tissue. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats at gestational day 14-20 were administered i.p. DEX （0.1 mg· kg-1 ·d-1）. Acute programming effects of prenatal DEX were assessed at postnatal day 7, and long-term programming effects of offspring were assessed at day 120. We found that repetitive prenatal DEX exposure contributes to DNA oxidative damage and alveolar tissue dysplasia. Prenatal DEX treatment decreased ADMA and increased iNOS expres- sion. Prenatal DEX treatment also increased TNF-α transcript expression and decreased HDAC2 protein expression at acute stage. In conclusion, repetitive prenatal DEX has prolonged stress damage effects on lung tissue.
