含Fe3+溶液呈色原因的分析

详细分析并解释了Fe3＋在水溶液中的呈色原因。结果表明,硫酸铁、硝酸铁呈黄色是Fe3＋强烈水解产生系列羟基水合铁离子所造成的;经强酸酸化的氯化铁溶液仍呈黄色,是因为溶液中存在能耐酸的铁氯配离子之故。而强酸酸化的硫酸铁、硝酸铁或高氯酸铁溶液几近无色,原因是这些溶液中主要存在浅紫色（实验中观察为无色）的水合铁离子[Fe（H2O）6]3＋。不要把含Fe3＋的溶液一概排除在无色溶液之外。

Solvatochromic Parameters and Preferential Solvation Behavior for Binary Mixtures of 1,3-Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids with Water

Binary mixtures of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium based ionic liquids （ILs） and water were selected as solvent systems to investigate the solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions on the preferential solvation of solvatochromic indicators at 25 ℃. Empirical solvatochromic pa- rameters, dipolarity/polarizability （π^＊）, hydrogen-bond donor acidity （α）, hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity （β）, and Reichardt＇s polarity parameters （ET^N） were measured from the ultraviolet-visible spectral shifts of 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitroanisole, and Reichardt＇s dye. The solvent properties of the IL-water mixtures were found to be influenced by IL type and IL mole fraction （XIL）. All these studied systems showed the non-ideal behavior. The max- imum deviation to ideality for the solvatochromic parameters can be obtained in the XIL range from 0.i to 0.3. For most of the binary mixtures, the π^＊ values showed the synergistic effects instead of the ETN, α and β values. The observed synergy extent was dependent on the studied systems, such as the dye indicator and IL type. A preferential solvation model was utilized to gather information on the molecular interactions in the mixtures. The dye indicator was preferentially solvated on the following trend： IL〉IL-water complex〉water.

金属镁中锌的测定

根据国际市场对金属镁的特殊要求,笔者探索出了一套金属镁中锌的检测方法。该方法符合国际要求,而且具有准确、高效的特点。

造纸分析化验知识答疑——关于电位滴定

电位滴定法因能测定有色溶液和浑浊溶液而在造纸分析中广泛使用,它可用于造纸蒸煮废液和造纸排放废水等的分析测定。就电位滴定法在造纸分析中常见的理论和实际操作问题以问答的形式给予解答。

Systematic Selection of Green Solvents for Organic Reacting Systems

The solvent selection methodology developed earlier by. Gani （tal. （Comp. Chem. Eng., 2005）has been extended to handle multi-step reaction systems. The solvent selection problem was formulated based on the methodology guidelines, and solved using ICAS software tool. A list with solvent candidates is generated so that it can be further investigated experimentally. Comments and clarifications from chemists have been incorporated into the problem forrnulations to clarify the role of the solvents in the chemistry and potential reactivity issues. Highly promising results were obtained, in accordance with. industrial process data.

酶联免疫定量测试盒法测定黄曲霉毒素B_1的方法探讨

本文主要通过pH值、阳离子(如Cu2+、Fe3+等)、溶液呈色(如红曲)三方面来探讨酶联免疫测试盒法测定黄曲霉毒素B1时,用甲醇水溶液提取样品中黄曲霉毒素B1的提取方法易出现假阳性,干扰测定,必须进一步用三氯甲烷来提取黄曲霉毒素B1以消除假阳性、排除干扰,提高测定数据的准确性。

Ionic Liquids: Progress and Prospective

Ionic liquids （ILs） are green solvents that have attracted great attention in recent years due to their unique properties. In this paper the latest progresses in both the fundamental studies and applications of ILs have been summarized, with the emphasis on the topics of physical properties, catalytic reactions, and biochemical engineering. The critical problems in the applications of the ILs have been addresses, and the prospective of the ILs were finally predicted.

Electronic Absorption Spectra of Copper(Ⅱ) Sulphophthalocyanine and Aggregation of the Dye in Aqueous Solution

Aggregation behavior of C.I.Direct Blue 86 was discussed using analyses of its UV-Vis spectra.The experiment results show that the dye molecules are inclined to aggregate in aqueous solution.Even in a very dilute solution of 0.050μmol/L,A618/A659 =1.2398,showing that the dye monomers still coexist with its dimers.The strong aggregation trend may cause dye precipitates at a higher concentration,which is an important factor that should be considered in producing a formula of ink-jet inks containing the dye as a colorant.

抗生素引起的职业病治疗原则

长期接触抗生素引起的职业病,主要临床表现是菌群失调、变态反应(变态反应性皮肤病、寻麻疹、支气管哮喘)和中枢与末梢神经系统病变。其治疗原则是:①停止接触引起职业病的抗生素;②依据发病机理,给予综合治疗;③菌群失调的治疗。 肠道菌群失调最为常见,其特征性表现是白色念珠菌病。采用中等剂量制霉菌素、制酵母菌素钠、七烯枝菌素、(Amfo-glucamin)

Application of silver nitrate colorimetric method to non-steady-state diffusion test

NT build 443, or profile fitting method, is often used to measure the diffusion coefficient of chloride in concrete. However, this method is quite laborious and needs special equipment. Colorimetric method is a quick and simple method to measure the penetration depth of chloride by spraying 0.1 mol/L silver nitrate solution. The objective of this work is to study the possibility of the use of colorimetric method in the calculation of non-steady-state diffusion coefficient. Twelve concrete mixtures with different supplementary cementitious materials and water-to-cement ratios of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.6 were used for study. According to NT build 443, the concrete specimens were immersed in 165 g/L NaC1 （2.8 mol/L） solution for 42 d. Both water-soluble （convert to free chloride） chloride and acid-soluble chloride at different layers of specimens were measured. The results show that the mean value of free chloride concentration at the color change boundary Cd was 0.306 mol/L. The surface free chloride concentration cs was obtained by profile fitting method, which was 40% lower than the chloride concentration of exposure solution after an immersion period of 42 d. Chloride diffusion coefficients obtained by the colorimetric method was not well correlated with those obtained by profile fitting method.

Polyploidy Induction of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.

[Objective] This study was conducted to obtain tetraploid Pteroceltis tatar# nowii Maxim. with excellent ornamental traits. [Method] The stem apex growing points of Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim. were treated with different concentrations of colchicine solution for different hours to figure out a proper method and obtain poly- ploids. [Result] The most effective induction was obtained by treatment with 0.6%- 0.8% colchicine for 72 h with 34.2% mutation rate. Flow cytometry and chromosome observation of the stem apex growing point of P. tatarinowii Maxim. proved that the tetraploid plants were successfully obtained with chromosome number 2n=4x=36. [Conclusion] The result not only fills the blank of polyploid breeding of P. tatarinowii, but also provides an effective way to broaden the methods of cultivation of fast- growing, high-quality, disease-resilience, new varieties of Pteroceltis.

The Optical and Two-Photon Properties of Amylose-Encapsulated Chromophore

Encapsulation of DASP （4-[4-（dimethylamino）styryl]-l-octylpyridinium bromide） with amylose, and conformational transitions of amylose upon complexation with the dyes were investigated using UV-vis, fluorescence and two-photon absorption properties in various Dimethyl Sulfoxide （ DMSO）/H20 mixtures. Encapsulation of the dye was achieved by dilution of DMSO stock solutions of the chromophores （1 x 10^-3 M） and amylose （1 x 10^-1 M） with DMSO, followed by a dropwise addition of H20 with continuous stirring at room temperature. At less than 40% aqueous DMSO solutions, the chromophores had a stable encapsulation with amylose and showed over 100 times the fluorescence intensity of non-encapsulated chromophores. Both of the dye solution with and without amylose also exhibit 2PA （two-photon absorption）, as determined by nonlinear absorption measurements using 10 ns laser pulses at 800 nm. The respective values of two-photon cross-sections are 13.3 x 10.20 for encapsulated dye solution and 2.53 x 10.20 cma/GW for non encapsulated dye solution. The data clearly indicate that the contribution of the encapsulated dye dominates the two-photon absorption cross-section of the non encapsulated dye at 800 nm.

Wheat Chaff and Waste of Molasses Dates Production--New Surfaces for Removal of Biological Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions

The adsorption ofEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on chaff and WMDP （waste of molasses dates production） has been studied. FTIR spectra were employed to investigate the adsorption ofEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces. Adsorption of bacteria resulted in obvious shifts of some infrared bands of adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms ofEscherichia coli on two surfaces and Staphylococcus aureus on WMDP, are of L-curve type according to Giles classification. However, type H isotherm was observed in the adsorption of S. aureus on chaff. The adsorption isotherms of bacteria on the examined adsorbents conformed to the Langmuir and Temkin equations. The adsorption of bacteria was studied at different temperatures （10, 25 and 40 ℃）, the thermodynamic parameters （AH, AS and AG） have also been calculated and it has been found that the adsorption process of bacteria was exothermic in nature. The number of bacteria adsorbed on surfaces was decreased with the increase of sodium chloride concentration. The amount of bacteria cells adsorbed was increased in the presence of different cations and followed the sequence： FeCl3 〉 CaCl2 〉 KCl 〉 NaCl. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models for describing the kinetic data were applied and it was found that the process was well described by pseudo-second order model. The desorption studies indicated that the bacteria were strongly retained by two adsorbents.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Mesogenic octa-Substituted Phthalocyanines

Synthesis and separation of asymmetrically octa-substituted phthalocyanines （Pcs） derivatives obtained by cyclotetramerization of two different phthalonitriles （Pns） precursors is described. The phthalonitriles were designed to have different polarity to enable successful chromatographic isolation. The side-chains was designed to lie perpendicular to the plane of the macrocycle via ketal link. It was hoped that the obtained materials would exhibit enhanced solubility and less columnar aggregation both in solution and in the solid state. The preparation of the ketal compounds （2,2-didodecyl- 1,3-benzodioxoles ） with was performed according to Cole method in which catechol and the didodecyl ketone were refluxed in toluene solution in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluene sulphonic acid （PTSA）. The resultant water was removed by azeotropic distillation using a Dean-Stark trap. 2,2-didodecyl-l,3-benzodioxoles was brominated then cyanated as described in literature to give the desired phthalonitrile. The other phthalonitrile （4,5-bis（1＇,4＇,7＇,10＇-tetraoxaundecyl） phthalonitrile was obtained also as described in literature. The structures of the obtained isomers were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） measurements revealed that two of the obtained derivatives display hexagonal and rectangular columnar liquid crystalline phases （Dhd＆Drd） over a wide temperature range.

Reaction Kinetics of Trans-Sobrerol and 8-p-Menthen-1,2-diol with Hydroxyl Radical in Aqueous Solution： A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

Trans-sobrerol （Sob） and 8-p-menthen-1,2-diol （Limo-diol） are the primary products in the atmospheric oxidation of α-pinene and limonene, respectively. Because of their low volatility, they associate more likely to the liquid particles in the atmosphere, where they are subject to the aqueous phase oxidation by the atmospheric oxidants. In this work, through experimental and theoretical study, we first provide the rate constants of Sob and Limo-diol reacting with hydroxyl radical （.OH） in aqueous solution at room temperature of 3044-3 K and 1 atm pressure, which are （3.05±0.5）×10 9 and （4.57±0.2）×10 9 L/（mol.s）, respectively. Quantum chemistry calculations have also been employed to demonstrate the solvent effect on the rate constants in aqueous phase and the calculated results agree well with the measurements. Some reaction products have been identified based on liquid chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.

A New Approach for the Measurement of Digestible Carbohydrates in Different Food Samples with HPLC-RI

This paper gives an impetus in quantifying digestible carbohydrates, which are important components of cereals, legumes and vegetables. The HPLC method was applied for the first time in India to estimate the digestible carbohydrates such as sugars and starches in different branded rice, legumes and vegetable samples which were procured from local market of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad in Andhra Pradesh State, India. In the present study, we estimated carbohydrates in vitro, mimicking the in vivo condition by incorporating enzymatic digestion. Among the rice varieties the analyzed total soluble sugars were in the range of 5.69% to 9.62%, vegetables 0.0% to 3.72% and legumes 0.04% to 0.98%. Soluble starches in rice samples ranged from 12.51% to 17.64%, in vegetables from 1.73% to 7.28% and in legumes from 23.76% to 38.71%. Insoluble starches in rice samples were observed to be bracketed in between 52.53% to 60.43%, where as in vegetables from 0.58% to 8.83% and in legumes from 16.13% to 29.22%. Concluding our observation, the total amount of starches and total sugars in rice fell in between 74.32% to 80.75%, in vegetables from 1.74% to 16.11%, and in legumes from 39.93% to 68.91%.

HTK液与Del Nido液对心脏手术中心肌保护作用的Meta分析

目的系统评价HTK液与Del Nido液在心脏手术中的心肌保护作用。方法通过计算机系统检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、万方、CBM、CNKI、维普数据库中直接比较HTK液(HTK组)与Del Nido液(DN组)对心脏手术中心肌保护作用的相关文献,并经RevMan 5.3软件进行数据合并分析。结果共纳入8篇符合条件的相关文献,HTK组的停搏液使用总量显著高于DN组(MD=147.92,95%CI:62.52~233.32,P<0.01),而DN组的输血量显著高于HTK组(MD=-33.07,95%CI:-58.89~-6.25,P=0.02),但两组的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU入住时间、总住院时间、术后左心室射血分数、房颤发生率及术后24 h的心肌酶谱水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在心脏手术患者中,HTK与DN对心肌的保护作用相当,具有相似的临床疗效。

A highly selective colorimetric sensor for Hg^(2+) based on a copper (Ⅱ) complex of thiosemicarbazone in aqueous solutions

By applying an indirect strategy, a new copper （II） complex of a thiosemicarbazone L has been successfully developed as a colorimetric cbemosensor for the sensitive detection of mercury （II） ions. In the presence of copper （II） ions, the colorless so- lution of L became yellow; however, upon the addition of traces of mercury （II） ions, the yellow color faded to colorless im- mediately. Other ions, including Fe3＋, Ag＋, Ca2＋, Zn2＋, Pb2＋, Cd2＋, Ni2＋, Co2＋, Cr3＋ and Mg2＋ had a negligible influence on the probe behavior. The detection limits were 5.0×10^-6 M and 3.0×10^-7 M of Hg2＋ using the visual color changes and UV-vis changes respectively. Test strips based on Cu-L were fabricated, which could act as a convenient and efficient Hg2＋ test kits.

α-酮戊二酸在心血管疾病中的研究进展

酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate,AKG)是三羧酸循环的中间体,是连接氨基酸代谢和葡萄糖氧化过程的关键枢纽。AKG有助于氨基酸、葡萄糖、脂肪酸等营养物质的氧化,能够为细胞代谢过程提供能量。此外,AKG还具有调节新陈代谢、促进自噬、缓解炎症、延缓衰老和延长寿命等多种生理功能。最近的研究结果表明,AKG的含量及浓度影响心血管的正常生理功能。补充适量的AKG可以在一定程度上保护心血管功能,因此AKG已成为一种新型且有前景的膳食补充剂。本文将对AKG在心血管疾病包括冠心病和外周血管疾病中的研究进展进行综述,为进一步开展AKG的基础研究和转化应用提供理论依据。