欠平衡钻井计算机伺服控制节控箱试验研究

为了适应我国西北地区油田开展欠平衡钻井技术工程的特点 ,研制成计算机伺服控制节控箱。节控箱采用机电液一体的控制方式 ,用压力传感器、位移传感器采集立压、套压、阀开度信号 ,由计算机根据控制压力与实际压力的差异调节液压伺服系统的动作 ,控制液动节流阀的开关 ,将立管、套管压力控制在限定范围内。油田试验表明 ,新研制的计算机伺服控制节控箱克服了现用节控箱的不足 ,压力控制误差小于± 0 5MPa 。

黑龙江省水稻膜播节控栽培技术的研究与推广

水稻膜播节控栽培技术就是将优选后的稻种按照"正三角形"模式黏贴在可降解的薄膜带上,用专用铺膜机将膜带铺在已经整理成型的稻田中,完成水稻的播种;再用特有技术和器具对稻田的水、肥、虫、草、苗进行控制管理;形成节水、节肥、节药、节资、节工的生产体系,达到生产环境优良、水稻产量增加、大米品质提升的目标。同时,提出了"五位一体"水稻田建设、全程机械化建设、高效生物有机肥和水稻回购等支撑体系。

欠平衡钻井节流压力控制技术

现用节控箱采用手工控制立管压力 (套管压力 )的方法 ,精度较低 ,很难实现真正意义上的欠平衡钻井。采用计算机伺服控制研制的节控箱来控制欠平衡钻井压力 ,克服了原有控制设备及手工控制方法的不足。现场试验表明 ,采用这种控制手段能实现对立压。

节肥控污施肥模式对双季稻田氮磷径流损失的影响

利用田间小区试验进行原位监测,研究了节肥控污施肥与习惯施肥两种不同施肥模式对双季稻田地表径流中氮磷的形态特征及流失量的影响。结果表明:稻田地表径流主要受降雨驱动,当降雨量大于24.4 mm时产生地表径流;氮磷径流流失量主要与径流中氮磷浓度相关; NH_4^+-N和悬浮颗粒结合态磷分别是氮、磷流失中比重最大的形态;节肥控污施肥模式全稻季的TN、TP、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N的流失量及氮磷流失系数均较常规施肥模式减少。

控氮节磷施肥对鄱阳湖区水稻养分吸收及产量的影响

鄱阳湖区是江西主要的水稻产区,以双季稻为主。在双季稻单季高产推荐施肥水平(N∶P2O5∶K2O=180∶90∶150kg/hm2,100%化肥)基础上,进行了化肥减量后与猪粪配施、孕穗期增施氮钾肥、添加肥料增效剂等控氮节磷施肥对水稻养分吸收和产量影响的试验。结果表明,在养分等量条件下,80%化肥+猪粪处理较之100%化肥处理,早晚两季稻谷总量增加93kg/hm2、增长0.74%;化肥减量20%后,在穗期增施N、K养分,或添加肥料增效剂,早稻产量有所增加,晚稻有所减产,但全年稻谷产量基本持平。控氮节磷施肥均能明显提高水稻养分利用率。

节肥控污施肥模式对双季稻产量形成及氮素利用的影响

利用田间小区试验,以不施肥和农民习惯施肥模式为对照,研究节肥控污施肥模式对双季稻生长发育、产量形成及氮肥吸收利用等的影响。试验结果表明,节肥控污施肥模式的双季稻的有效穗数、每穗颖花数、结实率均比农民习惯施肥模式有所增加而增产。与农民习惯施肥模式相比,节肥控污施肥模式能减少无效分蘖,提高分蘖成穗率,最终提高成穗数;能提高双季稻中后期的LAI和剑叶SPAD值及光合势,增加光合物质积累量;同时也能提高氮肥利用率,减少稻株对土壤氮素的依赖。本试验中,节肥控污施肥模式可实现在农民习惯施肥模式节氮磷20%的基础上,取得双季稻的高产稳产,实现节肥控污,是双季稻区较为理想的施肥模式。

存储式测井仪电源中控短节

文章介绍了过钻具存储式测井仪电源中控短节的软硬件设计和试验情况。随着存储式测井仪投入到超长井段的水平井、大斜度井等复杂井况生产中,研制的存储式测井仪电源中控短节可以满足井下仪器串仅在测井井段工作的要求,从而节约高成本的高温电池,保证仪器能更可靠有效地完成测井工作。试验表明该仪器具有可靠、硬件结构简单、易维修等特点。

棉花应用缩节胺化控技术

一、使用技术 缩节胺化控技术可以在苗蕾期、初花期、花铃期分次应用。 1.苗蕾期。形态指标为春棉8～10叶至4～5个果枝;短季棉3～4叶至现蕾,亩用药量0.3～0.8克,对水量10～15公斤,进行喷雾。

应用电显改造技术提高井控装备数据传输准确性

在野外钻井施工环境中，由于目前防喷器控制装置多采用气控液控制方式，天气的变化以及频繁的搬家安装作业，井控装备中司控台、节控箱的压力显示往往与远控台管汇压力显示值不一致，就导致需要经常数值传输系统进行维修、调试，给井控管理和井控装备的操作使用工作带来不便，本文就如何针对此问题进行计量装置的电显改造，提高数据传输准确性，确保现场井控装备的正常使用进行论述。

二阶不稳定时滞对象PID控制器的解析设计

针对一类二阶不稳定时滞系统,基于改进内模控制结构提出了两自由度控制方案。采用直接合成法思想设计设定值跟踪控制器,根据期望闭环补灵敏度方法确定扰动抑制控制器。所有控制器都采用解析比例-积分-微分设计方法,可实现单参数调节和优化,便于工程实施。对系统的内稳定性和鲁棒性进行了分析,并通过仿真实例验证了控制方案的有效性。

浅析酒店利润提升

如今酒店业发展迅猛,竞争同样也日益激烈。使中国酒店餐饮业既面临着发展的机遇,也遇到了严峻的挑战。作为经营性企业,最终目标是以各种方式赢得利润和回报。提升酒店利润是一项综合性、系统性的工作。只有提高经营管理水平,实行科学的、专业的管理方式才能正确的提升酒店利润。

紫色土减磷配施有机肥的磷肥效应与磷素动态变化

为探索长江上游稻油轮作系统减少农田磷素流失和有效提高磷肥利用率的最佳施肥模式,降低磷对水体富营养化的影响,采用长期田间定点试验并结合室内试验分析,研究了化肥配施猪粪和水稻秸秆还田对紫色土磷肥效应及磷素迁移的影响。结果表明：在常规作物施肥基础上配合施用有机肥,适当减少化学磷肥施用量,对作物产量没有显著的减产效应,且能在一定程度上减少农田磷素损失,提高磷肥利用率。水稻磷肥利用率总体表现为常规施磷量减20%＋猪粪有机肥（MDP）〉常规施磷量减20%＋秸秆还田（SDP）〉常规施肥＋猪粪有机肥（MP）〉常规施肥＋秸秆还田（SP）≈优化施肥（P）,各处理利用率在20%-25%之间。油菜磷肥利用率总体表现为SDP〉MDP〉MP〉SP〉P,各处理利用率在17%-29%之间。在水稻生长前一个月内,田面水总磷含量随着施磷水平的增加而增加,其中常规施肥（P）比不施磷肥（P0）处理总磷含量高4倍左右。各处理中磷含量大小表现为P〉MP〉SP〉MDP〉SDP〉P0,配施有机肥可以提高稻田土壤对磷的吸附,降低前期土壤磷向水体中释放,配施秸秆比配施猪粪对减少土壤磷素流失效果更好,磷肥施用后的7-10天内是控制稻田磷素流失的关键时期。油菜蕾苔期的土壤有效磷含量较苗期明显降低,但在油菜开花期和收获后期,土壤有效磷含量明显上升,油菜生长花期以后是土壤有效磷淋失的主要时期。有机无机肥配施可以显著提高土壤有效磷含量。化学磷肥减量并配施有机肥是应对农业面源污染＂控源节流＂的较好措施。

PCA-CMAC based machine performance degradation assessment

A principal component analysis-cerebellar model articulation controller （PCA-CMAC） model is proposed for machine performance degradation assessment.PCA is used to feature selection,which eliminates the redundant information among the features from the sensor signals and reduces the dimension of the input to CMAC.CMAC is used to assess degradation states quantitatively based on its local generalization ability.The implementation of the model is presented and the model is applied in a drilling machine to assess the states of the cutting tool. The results show that the model can assess the wear states quantitatively based on the normal state of the cutting tool.The influence of the quantization parameter g and the generalization parameter r in the CMAC model on the assessment results is analyzed.If g is larger,the generalization ability is better,but the difference of degradation states is not obvious.If r is smaller,the different states are distinct,but memory requirements for storing the weights are larger.The principle for selecting two parameters is that the memory storing the weights should be small while the degradation states should be easily distinguished.

有机无机肥配施对紫色土旱坡地土壤无机磷迁移的影响

为探索长江上游紫色土旱坡地麦玉轮作系统减少农田磷素流失的最佳施肥模式,降低磷对水体富营养化的影响。2011—2015年,以紫色土旱坡地典型农作冬小麦和夏玉米为材料,在西南大学试验农场进行田间定点试验。试验采用随机区组设计,共设置7个田间小区试验,分别为倍量施磷肥(2P)、优化施肥(P)、优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)、优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)、不施磷肥(P0)。测定了各农田土壤基础性质,以及0—20,20—40,40—60cm土层土壤全磷和有效磷含量,并对不同施磷水平以及磷肥减量配施不同有机肥条件下紫色土旱坡地土壤磷素迁移流失进行了原位定点研究。结果表明:不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地总磷(TP)和总可溶性磷(TDP)迁移流失量有明显的差异。TP流失量大小依次为2P>P>MP>SP>MDP>SDP>P0。2P处理总磷流失量最高,P处理是SDP和MDP处理的1.5~2倍。TDP流失量大小依次为2P>MP>P>MDP>SP>SDP>P0。坡上除了P0和P处理全磷含量有所减少外,其他各处理全磷含量都呈增加趋势,坡中、坡下的增长幅度要大于坡上,其中坡下处理MP比种植季前增加了0.400g/kg。除了P0处理土壤有效磷含量降低外,其他各个小区处理坡上、坡中、坡下土壤中有效磷含量都呈增加趋势。猪粪有机肥和秸秆还田对土壤中磷素有一定的活化作用,促进了磷素在土壤中的迁移,且猪粪有机肥对土壤磷素活化作用更强。化学磷肥减量并配施有机肥是应对农业面源污染"控源节流"的较好措施。

On the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of the Reproductive Organ Disease of Breeding Geese under the Anti-season Breeding Mode

Reproductive organ disease of geese is an endemic and multiple infectious disease in large-scale breeding of breeding geese, especially in anti-season production, which brings a great economic loss to goose production. To make effective prevention and control of reproductive organ disease of breeding geese under the anti-season breeding mode, the characteristics of control principles of infectious diseases of the poultry and the occurrence and prevalence of reproductive organ disease must be combined, so as to carry out scientific prevention and control.At the same time, according to the climate characteristics of summer, the feeding and management of breeding geese and water quality control should also be done well, and many corresponding measures should also be taken, thus obtaining better effect.

Self Adjusting Feedforward Compensation Tracking Control for Proportional Valve Controlled Motor

Aim Aiming at the position tracking control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems mainly driving the static load torque, the tracking performance was studied in the presence of the variable gain and deadzone. Methods On the basis of conventional composite control with the deadzone compensation method, a comprehensive control approach with the deadzone and self adjusting feedforward compensation was proposed. Results Experimental results showed that the good tracking performance was achieved for the sinusoidal and constant velocity position tracking under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The position tracking accuracy for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems has been solved by using the comprehensive control approach with the deadzone and self adjusting feedforward compensation.

The pH control optimization in the crop fertigation system using ANN

pH regulation is a complicated and comprehensive technique in the crop fertigation system. In this paper, a method is put forward to improve the quality of pH regulation, using artificial neural network to map a nonlinear relationship between pH interfering factor and the switching frequency of pH control valve, which achieves the dynamic feedforward compensation to the main control system.

Calculation method for trajectory following control for autonomous vehicles

The current literature lacks uniform calculation methods for following trajectory control for autonomous vehicles,including the calculation of errors,determination of tracking points,and design of feedforward controllers.Hence,a complete calculation method is proposed to address this gap.First,a control equation in the form of an error is obtained according to the dynamic equation of the vehicle coordinate system and the trajectory following model.Secondly,the deviation of the vehicle state is obtained according to the current vehicle s state and the following control model.Finally,a linear quadratic regulator(LQR)controller with feedforward control is designed according to the characteristics of the dynamic equation.With the proposed LQR,the simulation of computational time,anti-interference,and reliability analysis of the trajectory following control is performed by programming using MATLAB.The simulation outcomes are then compared with the experimental results from the literature.The comparison indicates that the proposed complete calculation method is effective,reliable,and capable of achieving real-time and anti-interference following control performance.The simulation results with or without feedforward control show that the steady-state error is eliminated and that good control performance is obtained by introducing feedforward control.

Adaptive and distance-driven power control scheme in mobile ad hoc networks

In order to save the energy and reduce the latency of the end-to-end transmission in mobile ad hoc networks an adaptive and distance-driven power control ADPC scheme is proposed by means of distance research in random geometrics. Through mathematical proof the optimal number of relay nodes and the optimal location of each node for data transmission can be obtained when a distance is given.In the ADPC first the source node computes the optimal number and the sites of the relay nodes between the source and the destination nodes.Then it searches feasible relay nodes around the optimal virtual relay-sites and selects one link with the minimal total transmission energy consumption for data transmission.Simulation results show that the ADPC can reduce both the energy dissipation and the end-to-end latency of the transmission.