必须坚持计划调节与市场调节相结合的资金信贷管理体制

传统的信贷资金是高度集中统一的管理体制,1985年开始,我们实行了新的资金管理体制,鼓励资金横向融通。但是近年来我们对纵向调节过分指责,对横向融通过分推崇。一个时期以来舆论对于专业银行拥有资金调节权极为不满,对人民银行分支机构被架空大鸣不平,给人的影响似乎是资金的纵向调节与横向融通为水火不相容。这就引起我们的思考:在有计划商品经济前提下,如何摆好这两种调节的位置。计划调节与市场调节是经济生活中两种主要调节形式。计划调节遵循的是有计划按比例发展规律,侧重于解决国民经济的全局性问题,纠正市场调节有可能带来的矛盾与摩擦;市场调节主要遵循价值规律,通过市场这只“无形的手”起作用,体现着经济主体利益与要求。作为关系国家经济命脉的金融活动需要把两种调节方式很好地结合起来,从我国金融现实的运行情况看。

试论唐代河朔三镇割据的阶段性特点

本文将唐代河朔三镇的割据史划分为四个阶段 ,并对每个阶段的特点进行了较细致的考察和论述。

关于地方财政改革的粗浅看法

党的十一届三中全会以来。我国经济领域的各项改革取得了可喜的成绩。与此同时。在地方财政领域中,对一些不适应新形势发展需要的财税政策和规章制度也进行了大胆的改革。特别是从去年开始,在“两步”利改税改革的基础上,实行了新的“划分税种,核定收支。

Weighting indicators of building energy efficiency assessment taking account of experts' priority

Analytic hierarchy process(Group AHP) is combined with two different methods of assigning experts' priority to weight indicators in building energy efficiency assessment.One is to assign the experts' priority averagely,and the other is to use cluster analysis to assign experts' priority.The results show that,1) Different expert's priority assigns result in great different weights of indicators in building energy efficiency assessment,therefore,the method of assigning experts' priority should be taken into account carefully while weighting indicators of building energy efficiency assessment using Group AHP;2) Three indicators are found to be overwhelmingly important in residential building energy efficiency assessment in the hot summer and cold winter zone in China.They are 'Outdoor & indoor shadow','Heating & air-conditioning facilities' and 'Insulation of envelope';3) The method combining cluster analysis with Group AHP to weight indicator of building energy efficiency assessment has the advantage of finding overwhelming important indicator,whereas,some less important indicators have a tendency to be ignored.A useful reference is provided for building energy conservation including policy revision and energy efficient residential building design.

Candidate Expansion Algorithm Based on WeightedSyllable Confusion Matrix for Mandarin LVCSR

The inclusion of more potentially correct words in the candidate sets is important to improve the accuracy of Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition （LVCSR）. A candidate expansion algorithm based on the Weighted Syllable Confusion Matrix （WSCM） is proposed. First, WSCM is derived from a confusion network. Then, the reeognised candidates in the confusion network is used to conjeeture the most likely correct words based on WSCM, after which, the conjectured words are combined with the recognised candidates to produce an expanded candidate set. Finally, a combined model having mutual information and a trigram language model is used to rerank the candidates. The experiments on Mandarin film data show that an improvement of 9.57% in the character correction rate is obtained over the initial recognition performance on those light erroneous utterances.

试论唐代河朔三镇割据的阶段性特点

本文将唐代河朔三镇的割据史划分为四个阶段,并就每个阶段的特点进行了论述。

碳交易与用能权交易、节能量交易制度的协调整合

碳排放权交易、用能权交易和节能量交易是我国为实现双碳目标而实施的环境权益交易制度。三者在制度本质、设计目的、规范对象及政策手段方面具有相似性。我国现行环境制度主要依靠政府实施,这就很难与社会经济快速发展变化的现状相匹配,所以需要进行二次市场分配。通过对这三项交易制度相关文件的横向、纵向对比,协调整合制度内容,达到精简制度,减少冗余,激发和提高市场调节的活力和效率的目的,为全国碳排放权交易市场、地方用能权交易市场和节能量权交易市场的建设出谋划策,为双碳目标的实现尽一份力。

Investigation of a Network Failure Problem with a Significant Path, from the Perspective of Crisis Management

The objective of this study is to investigate a network failure problem with a significant path, emerging from the context of crisis management, such as in the case of natural disasters. For a given tree with m failed edges, we assume that we have sufficient resources to recover k edges of the m edges. Each node has a positive weight. In this situation, we consider which k edges should be fixed in order to maximize the sum of the weights of the nodes reachable from the significant path. In this paper, we formulate such a problem as a combinatorial problem. Further, we show that a part of our problem may be solved by translating it into the terms of the so-called tree knapsack problem.

Dynamic Positioning System Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Technology

A dynamically positioned vessel, by the International Maritime Organization （IMO） and the certifying class societies （DNV, ABS, LR, etc.）, is defined as a vessel that maintains its position and heading （fixed location or pre-determined track） exclu- sively by means of active thrusters. The development of control technology promotes the upgrading of dynamic positioning （DP） systems. Today there are two different DP systems solutions available on the market： DP system based on PID regulator and that based on model-based control. Both systems have limited disturbance rejection capability due to their design principle. In this paper, a new DP system solution is proposed based on Active Dis^n＇bance Rejection Control （ADRC） technology. This technology is com- posed of Tracking-Differentiator （TD）, Extended State Observer （ESO） and Nonlinear Feedback Combination. On one hand, both TD and ESO can act as filters and can be used in place of conventional filters; on the other hand, the total disturbance of the system can be estimated and compensated by ESO, which therefore enhances the system＇s disturbance rejection capability. This technology＇s advantages over other methods lie in two aspects： 1） This method itself can not only achieve control objectives but also filter noisy measurements without other specialized filters; 2） This method offers a new useful approach to suppress the ocean disturbance. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Cooperative Differential Game for Model Energy-Bandwidth Efficiency Tradeoff in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things （IoT） refers to an infrastructure which enables the forms of com- munication and collaboration between people and things, and between things themselves. In order to improve its performance, we present a tradeoff between bandwidth and energy con- sumption in the loT in this paper. A service providing model is built to find the relation- ship between bandwidth and energy consump- tion using a cooperative differential game mo- del. The game solution is gotten in the condi- tion of grand coalition, feedback Nash equili- brium and intermediate coalitions and an allo- cation policy is obtain by Shapley theory. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, the per- formance of IoT decreases with the increasing of bandwidth cost or with the decreasing of en- ergy cost; secondly, all the nodes in the IoT com- posing a grand coalition can save bandwidth and energy consumption; thirdly, when the fac- tors of bandwidth cost and energy cost are eq- ual, the obtained number of provided services is an optimised value which is the trade-off between energy and bandwidth consumption.

Energy Saving,Environmental Protection:Top Priority in China's Development——Exclusive interview with Dr.Yonglong L,Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).

Energy saving,emission reduction and economic development are major issues China has to meet in building a harmonious society.On one hand,China should pursue a sustainable,fast and sound economic development,on the other hand,she should try to decrease the overuse of energy resources and the environ- mental problems caused by the rapid economic growth. In this regard,on June 24,the Standing Committee of National People's Congress deliberated the draft of Energy Saving Law,according to which China is to take"resources saving"as a basic national policy.This is a key issue to the long-term benefits of China.With relevant questions,China's Foreign Trade interviewed Dr, Yonglong L(?),Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).and Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Let's listen to Dr.L(?)'s comments with wisdom.

Securing Sensor Networks Based on Optimization of Weighted Confidence

In this paper, an optimized rmlicious nodes detection algorithm, based on Weighted Confidence Filter （WCF）, is proposed to protect sensor networks from attacks. In this algorithm, each cluster head in a cluster-based hierarchical network figures out an average confidence degree by means of messages from its child nodes. The cluster head only accepts a message from the child node whose confidence degree is higher than the average. Meanwhile, it updates the confidence degrees for each of its child nodes by comparing the aggregation value and the received messages, and regards them as the weight of exactness of messages from nodes. A sensor node is judged to be rmlicious if its weight value is lower than the predefined threshold. Comparative simulation results verify that the proposed WCF algorithm is better than the Weighted Trust Evaluation （WTE） in terms of the detection ratio and the false alarm ratio. More specifically, with the WCF, the detection ratio is significantly improved and the false alarm ratio is observably reduced, especially when the malicious node ratio is 0.25 or greater. When 40% of 100 sensors are malicious, the detection accuracy is above 90% and the false alarm ratio is nearly only 1.8%.

A Weighted Evolving Network with Community Size Preferential Attachment

Community structure is an important characteristic in real complex network.It is a network consists ofgroups of nodes within which links are dense but among which links are sparse.In this paper, the evolving network includenode, link and community growth and we apply the community size preferential attachment and strength preferentialattachment to a growing weighted network model and utilize weight assigning mechanism from BBV model.Theresulting network reflects the intrinsic community structure with generalized power-law distributions of nodes'degreesand strengths.

A weighted network evolving model with capacity constraints

Most of existing works on complex network assumed that the nodes and edges were uncapacitated during the evolving process,and displayed "rich club" phenomenon.Here we will show that the "rich club" could be changed to "common rich" if we consider the node capacity.In this paper,we define the node and edge attractive index with node capacity,and propose a new evolving model on the base of BBV model,with evolving simulations of the networks.In the new model,an entering node is linked with an existing node according to the preferential attachment mechanism defined with the attractive index of the existing node.We give the theoretical approximation and simulation solutions.If node capacity is finite,the rich node may not be richer further when the node strength approaches or gets to the node capacity.This is confirmed by analyzing the passenger traffic and routes of Chinese main airports.Due to node strength being function of time t,we can use the theoretical approximation solution to forecast how node strength changes and the time when node strength reaches its maximum value.

A Spatially Weighted Degree Model for Network Vulnerability Analysis

Using degree distribution to assess network vulnerability represents a promising direction of network analysis.However,the traditional degree distribution model is inadequate for analyzing the vulnerability of spatial networks because it does not take into consideration the geographical aspects of spatial networks.This paper proposes a spatially weighted degree model in which both the functional class and the length of network links are considered to be important factors for determining the node degrees of spatial networks.A weight coefficient is used in this new model to account for the contribution of each factor to the node degree.The proposed model is compared with the traditional degree model and an accessibility-based vulnerability model in the vulnerabil-ity analysis of a highway network.Experiment results indicate that,although node degrees of spatial networks derived from the tra-ditional degree model follow a random distribution,node degrees determined by the spatially weighted model exhibit a scale-free distribution,which is a common characteristic of robust networks.Compared to the accessibility-based model,the proposed model has similar performance in identifying critical nodes but with higher computational efficiency and better ability to reveal the overall vulnerability of a spatial network.

Dynamic voltage regulation and power export in a distribution system using distributed generation

The major aim of power quality(PQ) enhancing techniques is to maintain a specified voltage magnitude at a desired frequency for sensitive loads irrespective of faults on the power distribution network.The dynamic voltage restorer(DVR) is a device used to mitigate voltage sags to regulate load voltage.This paper presents a mathematical model for leading series voltage injection to mitigate sags thereby achieving the improvement of the utility power factor as well as power sharing between the DVR and utility.The power sharing will be as per requirement to compensate the sags considering the available distributed generation(DG).The approach of mitigating voltage sags using the concept of leading series voltage injection is suitable for those locations where phase shift in the voltage will not cause any problem.The MATLAB/SIMULINK SimPowerSystem toolbox has been used to obtain simulation results to verify the proposed mathematical model.