辽代袍服“拼接”现象研究——以馆藏MFB009720石青花树对鹅挖花绢立领左衽袍为例

“拼接”在服饰制作中是一种必要的工艺手段,它使平面的衣料能够转化成适应人体穿用的各种服饰。以北京服装学院民族服饰博物馆馆藏MFB009720石青花树对鹅挖花绢立领左衽袍为主要研究对象,结合实物研究和文献考证的方法,对袍服面料上的“拼接”现象进行探究,同时对比分析其他同类型袍服上的拼接,总结探究在MFB009720袍服的裁剪工艺中,制作者为完整袍服结构与装饰效果所进行的完整性与节用性思考,并揭示“拼接”的设计构思在袍服结构、面料和纹样布局之间所起到的调和作用,从而实现袍服整体从不对称到对称、从不完整到完整的转变。

Analysis on the Economical and Intensive Utilization of Regional Construction Land in Zunyi City of Guizhou Province

Taking Zunyi City of Guizhou Province as research area, the research performed spatial dynamic analysis and elastic coefficient method to evaluate the e- conomical and intensive utilization of the regional construction land, and to discuss the decision direction for economical and intensive utilization of the regional con- struction land. The results showed that, the population based land utilization both in Zunyi and the city districts and counties indicated extensive trend. The economy- based land utilization in Zunyi City, as well as in Huichun, Zunyi and Tongzi County presented intensive trend, however the other districts and counties were in extensive tendency. It concluded that the economical and intensive utilization of construction land should be focused on the rural collective construction land, and the potential tapping of rural collective construction land in rocky desertification area should be the first priority, otherwise, the regional economic development was unbalanced be- tween different district and county in Zunyi.

Application of Real-time Ultrasound Elastography in Diagnosing Benign and Malignant Thyroid Solid Nodules

Objective Real-time ultrasound elastography(US-E) is a helpful tool in diagnosing thyroid nodules.This study aims to evaluate thyroid solid nodules,to establish the accuracy of US-E in providing information on the nature of these nodules,and to assess the clinical value of elasticity scores(ES) and strain ratio(SR) in differentiating thyroid solid nodules and to explore its distribution characteristics using pathological analysis as reference. Methods Traditional ultrasonography and US-E were performed on 131 thyroid solid nodules(99 benign ones and 32 malignant ones) in 120 patients(78 females and 41 males).Three radiologists evaluated the nodules based on a four-degree elasticity scoring system.The nodules were classified according to the ES as soft(ES 1-2) or hard(ES 3-4).The SR was calculated online. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the ES for thyroid cancer diagnosis were 78%and 80%,respectively.SR values > 2.9 used as a standard to distinguish benign from malignant nodules had a sensitivity of 87%and a specificity of 92%.The SR of the benign lesions was 1.64±1.37,which was significantly different from that of malignant lesions,which was 4.96±2.13(P<0.01). Conclusions Both the ES and SR were higher in malignant nodules than those in benign ones.Real-time US-E was a useful index in the differential diagnosis of thyroid solid nodules.It can provide quantitative information on thyroid nodule characterization and improve diagnostic confidence.

A Universal Fairness Evaluation Framework for Resource Allocation in Cloud Computing

In cloud computing,fairness is one of the most significant indicators to evaluate resource allocation algorithms,which reveals whether each user is allocated as much as that of all other users having the same bottleneck.However,how fair an allocation algorithm is remains an urgent issue.In this paper,we propose Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Fairness(DEFF),a framework to evaluate the fairness of an resource allocation algorithm.In our framework,two sub-models,Dynamic Demand Model(DDM) and Dynamic Node Model(DNM),are proposed to describe the dynamic characteristics of resource demand and the computing node number under cloud computing environment.Combining Fairness on Dominant Shares and the two sub-models above,we finally obtain DEFF.In our experiment,we adopt several typical resource allocation algorithms to prove the effectiveness on fairness evaluation by using the DEFF framework.

Seasonal changes in TC and WSOC and their ^13C isotope ratios in Northeast Asian aerosols： land surface–biosphere–atmosphere interactions

In order to understand the relative importance of anthropogenic and biological sources of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast Asia,we measured total carbon(TC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)and their stable carbon isotope ratios(d^(13)C)in total suspended particulates collected from Sapporo,northern Japan(43.07°N,141.36°E)over a 1-year period(during 2 September 2009and 5 October 2010).Temporal variations of TC showed a gradual decrease from mid-autumn to winter followed by a gradual increase to growing season with a peak in early summer.Both d^(13)C_(TC)and d^(13)C_(WSOC)showed very similar temporal trends with a gradual enrichment of^(13)C from mid-autumn to winter followed by a depletion in the^(13)C to early summer and thereafter it remained stable,except for few cases.Based on the results obtained together with the air mass trajectories,we found that biogenic emissions including biological particles(e.g.,pollen)and secondary organic aerosol formation from biogenic volatile organic compounds are the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols in spring/summer whereas fungal spores from soil and biomass burning and enhanced fossil fuel combustion contribute significantly in autumn/winter and in winter,respectively,in Northeast Asia.

Transcutaneous perianal sonography:A sensitive method for the detection of perianal inflammatory lesions in Crohn's disease

AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments and expertise.We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of transcutaneous perianal ultrasound(PAUS)using regular ultrasound probes in the imaging of perianal inflammatory lesions.The sonographic findings were correlated to pelvic MR]-scans. METHODS:We performed PAUS in 25 patients with Crohn's disease and clinical signs of perianal inflammatory disease. Wibhin a median of 10 d(range 0-75)these patients underwent MRI of the pelvis.Regular convex and linear high resolution probes were used for PAUS.The sonographic findings were correlated to the MRI findings by blinded investigators. RESULTS:The sonographic investigations were well tolerated by all patients.Fistulae typically presented as hypoechoic tracks.Twenty-nine fistulae were detected in 22 patients.Abscesses were detected in 7 patients and presented as hypo-or anechoic formations.Twenty-six of 29 fistulae and 6 of 7 abscesses could be confirmed by MRI.Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement (kappa>0.83)between the two imaging methods. CONCLUSION:PAUS is a simple,painless,feasible,real- time method that can be performed without specific patient preparation which is comparable in its sensitivity to pelvic MRI in the detection of perianal fistulae and/or abscesses. PAUS can especially be recommended as a screening tool in acute perianal disorders such as perianal abscess and for follow-up studies of perianal inflammatory disease.

Hepatocellular carcinoma and macrophage interaction induced tumor immunosuppressionvia Treg requires TLR4 signaling

AIM: To investigated the interaction between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-activated hepatoma cells and macrophages in the induction of tumor-immune suppression mediated by CD4+CD25high family of transcription factor P3 (FOXP3) regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS: The proportion of FOXP3+ Tregs was identified in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. TLR4 expression was examined in tumor tissues and cell lines. The correlation was examined between FOXP3+ Tregs in peripheral blood and TLR4 expression of HCC tissues. Following activation of TLR4 in H22 murine hepatoma cells pre-incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and co-cultured with macrophage cell line RAW246.7, the synthesis of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, CCL22, and interleukin (IL)-10 by the two cell lines was detected and analyzed. RESULTS: FOXP3+ Tregs were enriched in tumor sites, and circulating FOXP3+ Tregs were increased in HCC patients in correlation with multiple tumor foci and up-regulated TLR4 expression in HCC tissues. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that TLR4 was over-expressed in HCC compared with the matched normal tissues. Cell cultivation experiments indicated that the mRNAs of IL-10 and CCL22 were significantly up-regulated in the RAW246.7 cell line when co-cultured with LPS preincubated H22 cells. CONCLUSION: In hepatoma cell lines, TLR4 may indirectly facilitate the recruitment of Tregs to the tumor site and promote intrahepatic metastasis through its interaction with macrophages.

Monitoring actual performance of ground source heat pump system using GPRS-based data transmission: A case analysis in Tangshan

The energy efficiency monitoring is an essential precondition for ground source heat pump system's controlling and energy saving operation. Based on the data monitoring applied in the school building, this work is focused on the parameters acquisition and operation analysis of the GSHP system in Tangshan. Results show the average COPs(coefficient of performance) are2.85 and 2.70 in summer and winter, respectively, and heat(cold) unbalance underground existed after whole year operation. The analysis of data also indicates that the direct borehole air-conditioning saved some power consumption obviously in the early stage of summer and energy saving of the GSHP system depended remarkably on its operation and management level. Besides the observation points of ground temperature are laid for a large-scale GSHP system, and the hydraulic balance of the pipes group needs to be concerned specially in safeguarding better reliability.

A preliminary sustainability assessment of innovative rainwater harvesting for residential properties in the UK

Rainwater harvesting RWH has yet to see significant uptake in UK households primarily due to a lack of innovation in residential RWH system types.This ppa er presents the results of per liminary investigations into a range of traditional and innovative residential-scale RWH systems. These systems are examined using a patent application search informal interviews with industry professionals cost-benefit analysis and a simple multi criteria analysis MCA .The latter examines the sustainability of the systems based on a priori social economic and ne vironmenat l criteria.Two of the innovative systems are subject to a more detailed analysis and benchmarked agains ta rt aditional system.Results of the MCA indicate that the innovative RWH systems achieve better sustainability scores than the traditional RWH with a lower capital cost.Further research is focused on monitoring the identified systems to generate empir cal datasets in order to undertake the WLC/LCAs and to identify challenges associated with installation.

Research on downward crack closing of clay aquiclude in shallow coal seam safety mining

The water resisting property of aquiclude is the key factor of water conservation and safety mining, and the mining induced cracks in aquiclude is major factor of water resisting property. The aquiclude is composed by loess layer and red clay layer in Yushuwan Coal Mine, and the water reaction property of clay and loess of aquiclude was tested by soil mechanics method. The permeability coefficient of the loess is 0.856 m/d and the clay is 0.434 m/d. The dilatability coefficient of the loess is 16.1% and the clay is 14.6%. Through physical solid-liquid simulation with whole stress-stain similarity, the distribution of ＂downward crack zone＂ and ＂upward crack zone＂ was found to be the major factor of aquiclude stability. The downward crack closing length is about 30% of the downward crack length. The expanding of clay and loess with water are principal factors of downward crack closing. At last, the mechanical model of downward crack closing was constructed, and the criterion of crack closing was put forward at all. This work will provides the theoretical base for aquiclude stability research and safety mining in shallow seam.

The Availability Improvement of Uninterruptible Power Supply by Stabilizing Node Application at Control Part

The UPS （uninterruptible power supplies） are essential power infrastructure components of systems designed for critical application, including data centers. High availability achievement is a very important factor related to UPS performance, consequently to proper critical application functionality. Generally, UPS have a limited input voltage window, referring to the nominal input voltage value. Goal of this paper is to prove larger voltage window, without affecting normal UPS operation. Larger window will result on less commutation, backup and normal mode reduction, and consequently duty time of batteries reduction, too. Thus, under these conditions, it is to be expected availability improvement. The stabilizing node model, applied at UPS＇s control part through this paper is presented. UPS＇s behavior with an implemented stabilizing node is observed at few sites. In order to analyze and conclude about UPS＇s performance under these technical conditions, simulation results are further presented.

Significance of Immunoglobulin E in Umbilical Blood in Relation to an Allergic Family History, Seasonality, Child Immunity and the Impact of Applied Non-pathogenic E. coli on Children＇s Microbiome

We examined IgE levels in 4,312 samples of umbilical blood taken from children born into families with a positive history of allergy in one or both parents from 1998-2015. At the age often days, those with high IgE were given Colinfant Newborn （a lyophilized non-pathogenic strain of E. coli） for one month, three times weekly. At 15 months and three years we investigated the levels of IgE, IgA and IgG, and the incidence of illness and allergy. The results revealed that allergy and high umbilical IgE is strongly linked with family history （p 〈 0.001）. We also detected differences in seasonality, especially with regards to pollen allergies. About 80% of children treated with Colinfant had significantly reduced IgE and morbidity at 13-15 months and 3 years, and furthermore without any clinical signs of allergy. Surprisingly 20% of treated children did not have reduced IgE, and yet they did not have any clinical signs of allergy. Normalization of IgA and IgG was seen in 90% of treated subjects （p 〈 0.001）. These levels significantly are correlated with an almost negligible morbidity up to 4 years of life. Our study strongly suggests a positive effect of physiological E. coli on the microbiome of children as evidenced by a significantly reduced incidence of allergy and morbidity when applied early in life.

Energy-Performance Tradeoffs in laaS Cloud with Virtual Machine Scheduling

In the cloud data centers,how to map virtual machines(VMs) on physical machines(PMs) to reduce the energy consumption is becoming one of the major issues,and the existing VM scheduling schemes are mostly to reduce energy consumption by optimizing the utilization of physical servers or network elements.However,the aggressive consolidation of these resources may lead to network performance degradation.In view of this,this paper proposes a two-stage VM scheduling scheme:(1) We propose a static VM placement scheme to minimize the number of activating PMs and network elements to reduce the energy consumption;(2) In the premise of minimizing the migration costs,we propose a dynamic VM migration scheme to minimize the maximum link utilization to improve the network performance.This scheme makes a tradeoff between energy efficiency and network performance.We design a new twostage heuristic algorithm for a solution,and the simulations show that our solution achieves good results.

The toxic effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle species Chthamalus challengeri

With the increased use of copper （Cu）-based antifouling （AF） paints, copper has become a potential threat to marine organisms. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of copper on larvae of the barnacle Chthamalus challengeri. These experiments attempted to identify a more sensitive index to monitor copper pollution in marine environments. The 24 h LC_50 ranged from 156.07 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 817.15μg/L （cypris） and the no observed effect concentration （NOEC） ranged from 81.75 μg/L （nauplius Ⅱ） to 571.04 μg/L （cypris）. The cypris settlement rate declined significantly when copper concentrations 〉135 μg/L. No cypris was found in the copper concentration of 60 and 75 μg/L treatment groups stressed for 22 d. Nauplius Ⅱ moulting was not affected by exposure to copper for 24 h; however, when extended to 48 h, the percent moulted in 75 μg/L treatment group was declined to 37.12%, which was significant lower （P〈0.05） than that in the control group. The phototaxis of nauplius II decreased significantly when copper concentrations _〉45 μg/L. Despite an initial significant increase at copper concentrations of 30 μg/L, ammonia excretion rate decreased when copper concentrations ≥60 μg/L. These results suggested that： （1） nauplius Ⅱ could not develop to the cypris when the copper concentration ≥60 μg/L; （2） cypris settlement is more susceptible to copper than cypris mortality rate; （3） nauplius II is the most sensitive larval stage; （4） nauplius II ammonia excretion rate is the most sensitive index to copper and might be as the indicator for copper pollution monitoring.

Effects of acupuncture combined with Fluoxetine on behavior and Treg in mice of chronic depression

Objective To investigate effects of acupuncture combined with Fluoxetine on behavior and regulatory T cell （Treg） proportion in mice of chronic depression. Methods Sixty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into a normal control group （group A, n=10） and depression model group （n=50）. Fifty Balb/c mice were irritated with a variety of chronic unpredictable moderate stress stimulations for 21 days to prepare the mouse depression model. After successfully modeling, 50 depression model mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, a model group （group B）, a fluoxetine group （group C）, an acupuncture group （group D） and a combined acupuncture and medicine group （group E） and a sham acupuncture group （group F）, 10 mice in each group. The mice in the group C were intragastrically administrated with Fluoxetine once （20 mg/kg）; for the group D, electroacupuncture （EA） was given at ＂Baihui＂ （百会 GV 20） and ＂Shenting＂ （神庭 GV 24） and for the group F, EA was given at non-acupoint of the buttock for 2 min; for the group E, acupuncture combined with Fluoxetine was used with the same acupoints, methods and medicine as those in the group D and C. The treatment was given once each day, for 21 consecutive days. After treatment the open-field behavior （retention period at the central square, horizontal movement,vertical movement, etc.）, sucrose preferences, body mass, food intake and other behaviors were observed, and the proportion of regulatory T cells （CD4^＋ CD2^＋5 Foxp3^＋ Treg cells） was analyzed with flow cytometry. Results Compared with the normal control group, the open-field behavior showed depression-like changes, and humoral consumption, sucrose preferences, body mass and food intake significantly decreased in the mice of the depression model group. After treatment, compared with the group B, the behaviors of the mice in the group E, C and D were improved in varying degrees; compared with other groups, the group E had more obvious effect on vertical movement; acupuncture combined with Fluoxetine could down-regulate the high-expressed Treg cells. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with Fluoxetine can improve depression behaviors of the mice of depression in the early stage. The mechanism possibly is related with regulating Treg cells which improve the immunosuppressive status of depression.

An advanced carbon dioxide retrieval algorithm for satellite measurements and its application to GOSAT observations

An advanced carbon dioxide retrieval algo- rithm for satellite observations has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The algorithm is tested using Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite （GOSAT） LIB data and validated using the Total Column Carbon Observing Network （TCCON） measurements. The retrieved XCO2 agrees well with TCCON measurements in a low bias of 0.15 ppmv and RMSE of 1.48 ppmv, and captured the seasonal vari- ation and increasing of XCO2 in Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively, as other measurements.

Development of artemisinin drugs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Artemisinin drugs are a family of sesquiterpene trioxane lactone agents originally derived from Artemisia annua L. Due to the big victory in the antimalarial battle,the 2015 Nobel Prize goes to the discoverer of artemisininbased therapy for malaria. Beyond antimalaria, artemisinin and its derivatives are also being investigated in diseases like schistosomiasis, viral infection, cancers and inflammation. Over the past decades, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of artemisinin drugs have been comprehensively studied. In this article, we will briefly describe the development of artemisinin drugs, especially novel artemisinin derivatives, in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Seasonal dynamic variation of pollination network is associated with the number of species in flower in an oceanic island community

Aims Plant-pollinator interaction networks are dynamic entities,and seasonal variation in plant phenology can reshape their structure on both short and long timescales.However,such seasonal dynamics are rarely considered,especially for oceanic island pollination networks.Here,we assess changes in the temporal dynamics of plant-pollinator interactions in response to seasonal variation in floral resource richness in oceanic island communities.Methods We evaluated seasonal variations of pollination networks in the Yongxing Island community.Four temporal qualitative pollination networks were analyzed using plant-pollinator interaction data of the four seasons.We collected data on plant-pollinator interactions during two consecutive months in each of the four seasons.Four network-level indices were calculated to characterize the overall structure of the networks.Statistical analyses of community dissimilarity were used to compare this community across four seasons to explore the underlying factors driving these patterns.We also evaluated the temporal variation in two species-level indices of plant and pollinator functional groups.Important Findings Both network-level specialization and modularity showed a significantly opposite trend compared with plant species richness across four seasons.Increased numbers of plant species might promote greater competition among pollinators,leading to increased niche overlap and causing decreased specialization and modularity and vice versa.Further analyses suggested that the season-to-season turnover of interactions was dominated by interaction rewiring.Thus,the seasonal changes in niche overlap among pollinators lead to interaction rewiring,which drives interaction turnover in this community.Hawkmoths had higher values of specialization and Apidae had higher values of species strength compared with other pollinator functional groups.These findings should be considered when exploring plant-pollinator interactions in ecosystems of isolated oceanic islands and in other ecosystems.

Purification and characterization of a novel immunomodulatory protein from the medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor

Bioactive proteins represent an important group of functional agents in medicinal mushrooms.Trametes versicolor(L.) Lloyd is a mushroom frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities.A new immunomodulatory protein from T.versicolor,named TVC,was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the purified protein revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 15.0 kD.Native polyacrylamide gel analysis revealed a band at 30 kD,indicating that TVC exists in solution as a homodimer.Isoelectric focusing showed that TVC was an acidic protein with an isoelectric point of 4.0.TVC was found to lack carbohydrate modifications(based on periodic acid/Schiff staining) and it does not agglutinate mouse red blood cells,suggesting that TVC is not a lectin-like protein.Biological activity assays dem-onstrated that TVC can enhance the proliferation of splenocytes,while it has no stimulatory effects on CD4+and CD8+T cells. TVC markedly increases the proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner and enhances the production of both nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophages.The results indicate that TVC is an immunostimulant that can boost immune response.Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid residues and mass spectrometry results with the protein database revealed no homologous proteins.

Aquaporin-4 and traumatic brain edema

Brain edema leading to an expansion of brain volume has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury as it increases intracranial pressure, impairs cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, and contributes to additional ischemic injuries. Classically, two major types of traumatic brain edema exist： ＂vasogenic＂ and ＂cytotoxic/cellular＂. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development/resolution of traumatic brain edema are poorly understood and no effective drugs can be used now. Aquaporin-4 （AQP4） is a water-channel protein expressed strongly in the brain, predominantly in astrocyte foot processes at the borders between the brain parenchyma and major fluid compartments,including cerebrospinal fluid and blood. This distribution suggests that AQP4 controls water fluxes into and out of the brain parenchyma. In cytotoxic edema, AQP4 deletion slows the rate of water entry into brain, whereas in vasogenic edema, AQP4 deletion reduces the rate of water outflow from brain parenchyma. AQP4 has been proposed as a novel drug target in brain edema. These findings suggest that modulation of AQP4 expression or function may be beneficial in traumatic brain edema.