PV （photovoltaic） market is dominated by Europe, especially Germany and Spain. However, the PV industry leaders recently exist in Asia. The huge market growth require industry growth, but with competitive cost. The ...PV （photovoltaic） market is dominated by Europe, especially Germany and Spain. However, the PV industry leaders recently exist in Asia. The huge market growth require industry growth, but with competitive cost. The electricity shortage in Egypt makes transferring to photovoltaic technology necessary, especially with the high solar radiation. The only reason why grid parity is not yet reached in Egypt is the elevated subsidiary of conventional electricity. If this subsidy is transformed to incentives for using and manufacturing solar cells, the situation will vary. This article shows that transferring PV industry to Egypt has a potential of cost saving of 5.7%, which could be translated either into competitive price or higher return on investment. This work is not a feasibility study. However, based on the cost structure of each phase in the PV industry value chain, the benefit （5.7% cost reduction potential） of transferring the industry to Egypt is worthy to accomplish the needed feasibility study.展开更多
F estningens Materialgard is a listed complex located in downtown Copenhagen. The refurbishment of the listed complex was studied to provide knowledge on how a process for refurbishing heritage buildings can be carri...F estningens Materialgard is a listed complex located in downtown Copenhagen. The refurbishment of the listed complex was studied to provide knowledge on how a process for refurbishing heritage buildings can be carried out successfully, as refurbishment of heritage buildings is often a complicated process. The process shows how to choose, evaluate and implement measures creating synergy between the interests of preserving heritage values and to develop affordable refurbishment that meets the requirements for the future use of the building. The refurbishment followed included restoration, energy upgrading and refurbishment of the individual buildings that make up the listed complex. The process focuses on the cooperation and dialogue between the parties involved. F estningens Materialgard is a case study where the Heritage Agency, the Danish Working Environment Authority and the owner as a team cooperated in identifying feasible refurbishment measures. Through the process the owner was supported by architects and engineers. Focus is put on how, to identify potential energy savings and, to decide on energy upgrading measures when refurbishing and restoring listed buildings. The refurbished Faestningens Materialgard is visualized in photos.展开更多
文摘PV （photovoltaic） market is dominated by Europe, especially Germany and Spain. However, the PV industry leaders recently exist in Asia. The huge market growth require industry growth, but with competitive cost. The electricity shortage in Egypt makes transferring to photovoltaic technology necessary, especially with the high solar radiation. The only reason why grid parity is not yet reached in Egypt is the elevated subsidiary of conventional electricity. If this subsidy is transformed to incentives for using and manufacturing solar cells, the situation will vary. This article shows that transferring PV industry to Egypt has a potential of cost saving of 5.7%, which could be translated either into competitive price or higher return on investment. This work is not a feasibility study. However, based on the cost structure of each phase in the PV industry value chain, the benefit （5.7% cost reduction potential） of transferring the industry to Egypt is worthy to accomplish the needed feasibility study.
文摘F estningens Materialgard is a listed complex located in downtown Copenhagen. The refurbishment of the listed complex was studied to provide knowledge on how a process for refurbishing heritage buildings can be carried out successfully, as refurbishment of heritage buildings is often a complicated process. The process shows how to choose, evaluate and implement measures creating synergy between the interests of preserving heritage values and to develop affordable refurbishment that meets the requirements for the future use of the building. The refurbishment followed included restoration, energy upgrading and refurbishment of the individual buildings that make up the listed complex. The process focuses on the cooperation and dialogue between the parties involved. F estningens Materialgard is a case study where the Heritage Agency, the Danish Working Environment Authority and the owner as a team cooperated in identifying feasible refurbishment measures. Through the process the owner was supported by architects and engineers. Focus is put on how, to identify potential energy savings and, to decide on energy upgrading measures when refurbishing and restoring listed buildings. The refurbished Faestningens Materialgard is visualized in photos.
