With the advent of the era of cloud computing, the high energy consumption of cloud computing data centers has become a prominent problem, and how to reduce the energy consumption of cloud computing data center and im...With the advent of the era of cloud computing, the high energy consumption of cloud computing data centers has become a prominent problem, and how to reduce the energy consumption of cloud computing data center and improve the efficiency of data center has become the research focus of researchers all the world. In a cloud environment, virtual machine consolidation(VMC) is an effective strategy that can improve the energy efficiency. However, at the same time, in the process of virtual machine consolidation, we need to deal with the tradeoff between energy consumption and excellent service performance to meet service level agreement(SLA). In this paper, we propose a new virtual machine consolidation framework for achieving better energy efficiency-Improved Underloaded Decision(IUD) algorithm and Minimum Average Utilization Difference(MAUD) algorithm. Finally, based on real workload data on Planet Lab, experiments have been done with the cloud simulation platform Cloud Sim. The experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm can reduce the energy consumption and SLA violation of data centers compared with existing algorithms, improving the energy efficiency of data centers.展开更多
Considering that modern mobile terminals possess the capability to detect users' proximity,and offer means to directly communicate and share content with the people in close area,Device-to-Device(D2D) based Proxim...Considering that modern mobile terminals possess the capability to detect users' proximity,and offer means to directly communicate and share content with the people in close area,Device-to-Device(D2D) based Proximity Services(ProSe) have recently witnessed great development,which enable users to seek for and utilize relevant value in their physical proximity,and are capable to create numerous new mobile service opportunities.However,without a breakthrough in battery technology,the energy will be the biggest limitation for ProSe.Through incorporating the features of ProSe(D2D communication technologies,abundant built-in sensors,localization-dependent,and context-aware,etc.),this paper thoroughly investigates the energy-efficient architecture and technologies for ProSe from the following four aspects:underlying networking technology,localization,application and architecture features,context-aware and user interactions.Besides exploring specific energy-efficient schemes pertaining to each aspect,this paper offers a perspective for research and applications.In brief,through classifying,summarizing and optimizing the multiple efforts on studying,modeling and reducing energy consumption for ProSe on mobile devices,the paper would provide guide for developers to build energy-efficient ProSe.展开更多
The rapid technological convergence between Internet of Things （loT）, Wireless Body Area Networks （WBANs） and cloud computing has made e-healthcare emerge as a promising application domain, which has significant p...The rapid technological convergence between Internet of Things （loT）, Wireless Body Area Networks （WBANs） and cloud computing has made e-healthcare emerge as a promising application domain, which has significant potential to improve the quality of medical care. In particular, patient-centric health monitoring plays a vital role in e-healthcare service, involving a set of important operations ranging from medical data collection and aggregation, data transmission and segregation, to data analytics. This survey paper firstly presents an architectural framework to describe the entire monitoring life cycle and highlight the essential service components. More detailed discussions are then devoted to {／em data collection} at patient side, which we argue that it serves as fundamental basis in achieving robust, efficient, and secure health monitoring. Subsequently, a profound discussion of the security threats targeting eHealth monitoring systems is presented, and the major limitations of the existing solutions are analyzed and extensively discussed. Finally, a set of design challenges is identified in order to achieve high quality and secure patient-centric monitoring schemes, along with some potential solutions.展开更多
This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption a...This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.展开更多
This paper proposes an Authentication Interworking Protocol （AIP） based on IEEE 802.21 Medi Independent Handover （MIH） in the heterogeneous networks. The proposed AIP with the RSA-based proxy signature reduces han...This paper proposes an Authentication Interworking Protocol （AIP） based on IEEE 802.21 Medi Independent Handover （MIH） in the heterogeneous networks. The proposed AIP with the RSA-based proxy signature reduces handover delay time and communication message overhead when the mobile node moves between the heterogeneous networks. It defines new AlP Type Length Value （AlP TLV） in MIH frame format and uses the MIH Information Server （MIHIS） for issuing signature. The MIHIS can generate a signature on behalf of the AAA server and then the signature can he used by mobile node for a pre-authentication. For low handover delay, the proposed AIP performs pre-authentication processes with MIP protocol before layer 2 handover. Also, this paper analyses the performance of the handover and compares with the non-secure MIH.展开更多
Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-pow...Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.展开更多
International experiences show that when make full use of the regulation and service functions of financial mechanism, such as the establishment of greenhouse gas emissions trade market, further strengthening investig...International experiences show that when make full use of the regulation and service functions of financial mechanism, such as the establishment of greenhouse gas emissions trade market, further strengthening investigation in environmental risk of the financing projects according to equator principles, more fiscal and taxation policies that to encourage financial institutions to innovate green financial products, participation of supporting the international financial organizations in energy-saving and environmental protection （hereafter referred to as ESEP） projects, people can significantly improve the quality of the environment, and effectively control pollution emissions in a low cost. In order to improve the efficiency of Shanghai ESEP work, the local government should learn from the international advanced experiences to accelerate the establishment of green financial service system of ESEP, so that to better use finance leverage to build a resource conserving and environment-fxiendly society.展开更多
Ecosystem services were defined as the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. They include provisioning, regulating, cultural, and...Ecosystem services were defined as the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. They include provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. These form the basis on which regional environmental reserves and development are assessed and for the valuation of ecosystem services. In this paper Hainan Island is used as an example to explore methods of regulating services based on the structure and processes of a natural ecosystem. Ecosystems were classified into 13 types： valley rain forest, mountainous rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, mountainous coppice forest, mountainous evergreen forest, tropical coniferous forest, shrubs, plantation, timber forest, windbreak forest, mangrove, savanna, and crop land. Regulating services and their economic values for Hainan Island ecosystems were assessed and evaluated in terms of water-holding, soil conservancy, nutrient cycle, C fixation and windbreak functions. The economic value of the regulating services in 2002 were estimated at 2035.88×10^8 to 2153.39×10^8 Chinese Yuan （CNY）, which was eight times the value of provisioning services （wood and agricultural products）, estimated at just 254.06×10^8 CNY. Our analyses imply that ecosystem regulating services play a very important role in the sustainable development of Hainan Island＇s society and economy.展开更多
Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM t...Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM that effectively dif-ferentiates multicast streams. It re-arranges the virtual bitmap of the traffic indication map (TIM) to carry traffic status for mul-ticast groups and introduces a concept of sequential transmission of multi-addressed data to facilitate differentiation among mul-ticast groups. Our analysis shows that the enhanced PSM can effectively save power in mixed traffic environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 61272200, 10805019)the Program for Excellent Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong, China (No. Yq2013012)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015ZJ010)the Special Support Program of Guangdong Province (201528004)the Pearl River Science & Technology Star Project (201610010046)
文摘With the advent of the era of cloud computing, the high energy consumption of cloud computing data centers has become a prominent problem, and how to reduce the energy consumption of cloud computing data center and improve the efficiency of data center has become the research focus of researchers all the world. In a cloud environment, virtual machine consolidation(VMC) is an effective strategy that can improve the energy efficiency. However, at the same time, in the process of virtual machine consolidation, we need to deal with the tradeoff between energy consumption and excellent service performance to meet service level agreement(SLA). In this paper, we propose a new virtual machine consolidation framework for achieving better energy efficiency-Improved Underloaded Decision(IUD) algorithm and Minimum Average Utilization Difference(MAUD) algorithm. Finally, based on real workload data on Planet Lab, experiments have been done with the cloud simulation platform Cloud Sim. The experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm can reduce the energy consumption and SLA violation of data centers compared with existing algorithms, improving the energy efficiency of data centers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61171092the JiangSu Educational Bureau Project under Grant 14KJA510004Prospective Research Project on Future Networks(JiangSu Future Networks Innovation Institute)
文摘Considering that modern mobile terminals possess the capability to detect users' proximity,and offer means to directly communicate and share content with the people in close area,Device-to-Device(D2D) based Proximity Services(ProSe) have recently witnessed great development,which enable users to seek for and utilize relevant value in their physical proximity,and are capable to create numerous new mobile service opportunities.However,without a breakthrough in battery technology,the energy will be the biggest limitation for ProSe.Through incorporating the features of ProSe(D2D communication technologies,abundant built-in sensors,localization-dependent,and context-aware,etc.),this paper thoroughly investigates the energy-efficient architecture and technologies for ProSe from the following four aspects:underlying networking technology,localization,application and architecture features,context-aware and user interactions.Besides exploring specific energy-efficient schemes pertaining to each aspect,this paper offers a perspective for research and applications.In brief,through classifying,summarizing and optimizing the multiple efforts on studying,modeling and reducing energy consumption for ProSe on mobile devices,the paper would provide guide for developers to build energy-efficient ProSe.
基金supported,in part,by Science Foundation Ireland grant 10/CE/I1855 to Lero -the Irish Software Engineering Research Centre(www.lero.ie)
文摘The rapid technological convergence between Internet of Things （loT）, Wireless Body Area Networks （WBANs） and cloud computing has made e-healthcare emerge as a promising application domain, which has significant potential to improve the quality of medical care. In particular, patient-centric health monitoring plays a vital role in e-healthcare service, involving a set of important operations ranging from medical data collection and aggregation, data transmission and segregation, to data analytics. This survey paper firstly presents an architectural framework to describe the entire monitoring life cycle and highlight the essential service components. More detailed discussions are then devoted to {／em data collection} at patient side, which we argue that it serves as fundamental basis in achieving robust, efficient, and secure health monitoring. Subsequently, a profound discussion of the security threats targeting eHealth monitoring systems is presented, and the major limitations of the existing solutions are analyzed and extensively discussed. Finally, a set of design challenges is identified in order to achieve high quality and secure patient-centric monitoring schemes, along with some potential solutions.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program2015AA01A705)in part by Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (The City's Vehicle Sensing Grid Construction Based on Public Transportation Network)
文摘This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.
基金supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF)grant funded by the Korea government(MEST)(No.2010-0000100)the Ubiquitous Computing and Network(UCN)project,knowledge and economy frontier R&D program of the Ministry of Knowledge Economy(MKE)in Korea and a result of subproject10C2-C1-20S
文摘This paper proposes an Authentication Interworking Protocol （AIP） based on IEEE 802.21 Medi Independent Handover （MIH） in the heterogeneous networks. The proposed AIP with the RSA-based proxy signature reduces handover delay time and communication message overhead when the mobile node moves between the heterogeneous networks. It defines new AlP Type Length Value （AlP TLV） in MIH frame format and uses the MIH Information Server （MIHIS） for issuing signature. The MIHIS can generate a signature on behalf of the AAA server and then the signature can he used by mobile node for a pre-authentication. For low handover delay, the proposed AIP performs pre-authentication processes with MIP protocol before layer 2 handover. Also, this paper analyses the performance of the handover and compares with the non-secure MIH.
文摘Welfare and green growth rest heavily on an appropriate supply of safe water, the provision of adequate sewerage, and on energy services. These services are interdependent, as water is an integral part of electric-power generation; it is used directly in hydroelectric generation, and it is used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. Energy is also an integrated part of water services, as satisfying water needs for supply, purification, distribution, and treatment of wastewater requires energy sources. Water and energy utilities are however regulated without a specific focus on the interdependency of the two sectors and the possibilities to ensure sustainable use of the resources and reduction of greenhouse gasses by a better coordination. The article explains the possibilities of sustainable consumption and production of energy in the water utilities. It highlights EU legal framework that makes coordination at national level possible, and it gives examples and concludes--on the obstacles for the water utilities＇ future as energy-smart utilities that exist at the national level in Denmark.
基金This research work was financially supported by the Shanghai Board of Education （2012-SHNGE-06ZD）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project （2013M531157）, and The Ministry of Education of Youth Fund Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research（14YJC790152）.
文摘International experiences show that when make full use of the regulation and service functions of financial mechanism, such as the establishment of greenhouse gas emissions trade market, further strengthening investigation in environmental risk of the financing projects according to equator principles, more fiscal and taxation policies that to encourage financial institutions to innovate green financial products, participation of supporting the international financial organizations in energy-saving and environmental protection （hereafter referred to as ESEP） projects, people can significantly improve the quality of the environment, and effectively control pollution emissions in a low cost. In order to improve the efficiency of Shanghai ESEP work, the local government should learn from the international advanced experiences to accelerate the establishment of green financial service system of ESEP, so that to better use finance leverage to build a resource conserving and environment-fxiendly society.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40635029
文摘Ecosystem services were defined as the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. They include provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services. These form the basis on which regional environmental reserves and development are assessed and for the valuation of ecosystem services. In this paper Hainan Island is used as an example to explore methods of regulating services based on the structure and processes of a natural ecosystem. Ecosystems were classified into 13 types： valley rain forest, mountainous rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, mountainous coppice forest, mountainous evergreen forest, tropical coniferous forest, shrubs, plantation, timber forest, windbreak forest, mangrove, savanna, and crop land. Regulating services and their economic values for Hainan Island ecosystems were assessed and evaluated in terms of water-holding, soil conservancy, nutrient cycle, C fixation and windbreak functions. The economic value of the regulating services in 2002 were estimated at 2035.88×10^8 to 2153.39×10^8 Chinese Yuan （CNY）, which was eight times the value of provisioning services （wood and agricultural products）, estimated at just 254.06×10^8 CNY. Our analyses imply that ecosystem regulating services play a very important role in the sustainable development of Hainan Island＇s society and economy.
基金Project (Nos. 60574087 and 60721003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM that effectively dif-ferentiates multicast streams. It re-arranges the virtual bitmap of the traffic indication map (TIM) to carry traffic status for mul-ticast groups and introduces a concept of sequential transmission of multi-addressed data to facilitate differentiation among mul-ticast groups. Our analysis shows that the enhanced PSM can effectively save power in mixed traffic environments.
