自动扶梯变频节能技术和效果的研究

各种扶梯变频节能技术的节能特性差异较大，且由于使用工况不同，对其进行量化比较有一定困难。本文对各种变频节能技术的节能效果、功率因数、谐波污染等特性进行了理论和实测综合分析，并探讨了节能技术的量化方法，提出了一些建议。

换热机组在节能环境下的问题与发展趋势

通过阐述目前市场上换热机组存在的主要问题,对换热机组今后的发展提出相关建议。

基于视觉适应的隧道入口外段遮光构件设计研究

隧道入口处白昼亮度悬殊,导致驾驶员产生"黑洞效应",难以应对突发事件,历来成为交通事故的多发区。解决上述问题的普遍做法是在入口段内加以大量的人工照明以减弱光差,但此方法不仅缺乏高效性,更会带来严重的能耗问题。该文简要论述了在入口接近段设置遮光构件的方法,保证行车安全,优化行车环境,同时达到节能效果。本研究致力于设计在隧道接近段形成光过渡带的减光构件,以此解决光差大的问题,并在此基础上根据人眼暗适应曲线,应用模型模拟对比测试的方式进行实测,将实验结果和节能效果进行量化。

Optimum Energy Management of the Central Air-Conditioning System in Intelligent Buildings

An optimum energy saving scheduling strategy of the central air conditioning system in an intelligent building (IB) was proposed. Based on the system analysis a set of models of the central air conditioning system was established. The periodically autoregressive models (PARM) based on genetic algorithms (GA) were used to predict the next day’s cold load. The improved genetic algorithms (IGA) with stochastic real number coding were used to finish the optimum energy saving scheduling of the system. The simulation results for the building of the Liangmahe Plaza show that the proposed strategy can save energy up to about 24 5%.

基于蒸发冷却空调系统的能耗分析软件选择分析

蒸发冷却空调系统由于其经济、环保、提供高品质室内空气的显著特性而应用日渐广泛,利用能耗分析软件对其运行能耗进行分析的研究者也越来越多。针对目前国内外比较流行的建筑能耗分析软件,就其应用于蒸发冷却空调系统的适用性进行了较为全面的研究分析,提出了能耗分析软件的选用原则。

Seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy in the Changjiang River estuary： a numerical study

Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in China. In order to quantify the behaviour of river and tide,we use numerical modelling that has been validated using measured data. We conduct our analysis by quantifying the discharge and energy variance in separate components for both the river and the tide,during wet and dry seasons. We note various definitions of tidal prism and explore the difference between tidal discharge on the flood and ebb and tidal storage volume. The results show that the river discharge attenuates the tidal motion and reduces the tidal flood discharge but the tidal storage volume is approximately constant with different riverine discharge since part of the fresh water discharge is intercepted and captured in the estuary due to the backwater effect. It appears that the tidal discharge adjusts according to the variation of river discharge to keep a constant tidal storage volume. An analysis of the hydraulics shows that the transition from tidal dominance(at the mouth) to river dominance(upstream) depends on the location of tidal current reversal which varies from wet season to dry season. Duringthe wet season,the Changjiang River estuary is totally dominated by energy from fresh water discharge.

Seasonal variations in the energy budget of Elliot's pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) in cage

This study aimed to discuss the energy budget of Elliot's pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti in different seasons, with life and health, good growth and normal digestion of Elliot's pheasant as the tested objects, The energy budget of Elliot's pheasant was measured by daily collection of the trial pheasants' excrement in the biological garden of Guangxi Normal University from March 2011 to February 2012. The results showed that the gross energy consumption, metabolic energy and excrement energy varied by season, increasing as temperature decreased. There was significant difference in gross energy consumption, metabolic energy, excrement energy between adults and nonages. There was also a trend that food digestibility of pheasants increases as temperature increases. In the same season, the food digestibility of adults was better than that of nonages. Throughout spring, summer, autumn and winter, the metabolic energy of 4-year adults were 305.77±13.40 kJ/d, 263.67±11.89 kJ/d, 357.23±25.49 kJ/d and 403.12±24.91 kJ/d, respectively, and the nonages were 284.86±17.22 kJ/d, 284. 66±15.16 kJ/d, 402. 26±31.46 kJ/d and 420. 30±31.98 kJ/d, respectively. The minimum metabolic energies were 247.65±21.81 g, 265.86±26.53 g, respectively for each group, detected between 4-year adults and 1-year nonages. Further study is needed to determine whether 29.6 C is the optimal temperature for the Elliot's pheasant.

Seasonal Changes of Energy Fluxes in an Estuarine Wetland of Shanghai,China

The energy budget and regulating factors were investigated over an estuarine wetland during one year of continuous measurement in 2006.The results show that the seasonal changes of the energy fluxes and Bowen ratio(β) were greatly affected by incoming shortwave radiation and canopy growth.During the non-growing season and early-growing season, sensible heat(H) dominated the energy flux, and β could reach a maximum of 2.5, while during most of the growing season, latent heat dominated the energy flux and β fluctuated from 0.4 to 1.0.The energy budget ratio in growing season was about 0.76, and the value would be higher if heat exchange during tidal flooding was in-cluded.During tidal flooding days, β was slightly higher than that at exposure days in most cases.Vegetation cover seems exert little effect on energy partitioning except in March when the standing dead grass intercepted the incoming radiation that might reach the soil surface and reduce the turbulence between soil and atmosphere, thus suppressing the evaporation from the soil though the soil mositure was high at that time.

Energy optimization of representative barrier algorithms

Too high energy consumption is widely recognized to be a critical problem in large-scale parallel computing systems.The LogP-based energy-saving model and the frequency scaling method were proposed to reduce energy consumption analytically and systematically for other two representative barrier algorithms:tournament barrier and central counter barrier.Furthermore,energy optimization methods of these two barrier algorithms were implemented on parallel computing platform.The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the energy optimization methods.67.12% and 70.95% energy savings are obtained respectively for tournament barrier and central counter barrier on platforms with 2048 processes with 1.55%?8.80% performance loss.Furthermore,LogP-based energy-saving analytical model for these two barrier algorithms is highly accurate as the predicted energy savings are within 9.67% of the results obtained by simulation.

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China

Based on the annual production data collected by the Statistic Center of the Ministry of Railways of the People＇s Republic of China, we calculated the energy saving and direct emission reductions of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm of electrified railways, and analyzed their dynamic characteristics during the period of 1975 2007. The results show that during this period, the annual mean values of energy saving is 1.23×10^6 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 4.267×10^6 t, 20.5×10^3 t, 3.0×10^3 t, 9.6×10^3 t, 67.9×10^3 t, and 6.9×10^3 t per year, respectively. The annual average increasing rates of energy saving is 139×10^3 tce, and direct emission reduction of CO2, soot, SO2, CO, NOx and CnHm are 483×10^3 t, 2.3×10^3 t, 0.34×10^3 t, 1.1×10^3 t, 7.7 ×10^3 t and 0.78×10^3 t per year, respectively. The electrified railways have played an important role in decreasing the energy consumption and air pollutant emissions of China＇s railway system. The results of this study could provide some reference knowledge for future reductions of energy consumption and waste gas emission in China＇s railway transportation.

Exerav as a Parameter for Buildina Enerav Assessment

The energy and environmental impacts resulting from the buildings sector are one of the impending problems which address the international action. The main strategies implemented to answer to this problem are the energy efficiency improvement, the CO2 emissions reduction and the renewable energy share increase in the energy mix. The key subject discussed in this paper is the ＂building energy impact＂, aimed to leading the building sector towards the energy efficiency improvement. The paper＇s aim is to show that an energy assessment is not able to give a consistent evaluation of building energy use, and it could be misleading. Therefore, the paper proposes the exergy assessment as complementary evaluation method, in order to achieve a complete description of the concept ＂building＇s energy impact on the environment＂. In the first section, we describe the parameters currently used for the building energy assessment, focusing on the primary energy index and the CO2 emissions index. In the second section, we introduce the exergy as a complementary index. This index is a possible answer to the problems previously identified. Finally, in the third section, we present three test-cases, analyzed through transient simulation software TRNSYS. The purpose of the test-cases analysis is to show the difference between energy and exergy assessment.

Colourimetric redox-polyaniline nanoindicator for in situ vesicular trafficking of intracellular transport

Vesicular pH modulates the function of many organelles and plays a pivotal role in cell metabolism processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we introduce a simple colorimetric redox-polyaniline nanoindicator, which can detect and quantify a broader biogenic pH range with superior sensitivity compared to pre-established trafficking agents employing one-dimensional turn-on of the fluorescence resonance-energy-transfer （FRET） signal. We fabricated polyaniline- based nanoprobes, which exhibited convertible transition states according to the proton levels, as an in situ indicator of vesicular transport pH. Silica-coated Fe304-MnO heterometal nanoparticles were synthesised and utilised as a metal oxidant to polymerise the aniline monomer. Finally, silica-coated polyaniline nanoparticles with adsorbed cyanine dye fluorophores Cy3 and Cy7 （FPSNIcyB and FPSNIcy7） were fabricated as proton-sensitive nanoindicators. Owing to the selective quenching induced by the local pH variations of vesicular transport, FPSNIcy3 and FPSNIcy7 demonstrated excellent intracellular trafficking and provided sensitive optical indication of minute proton levels.

Topological quantum catalyst: Dirac nodal line states and a potential electrocatalyst of hydrogen evolution in the TiSi family

Topological nodal line（DNL） semimetals, a closed loop of the inverted bands in its bulk phases, result in the almost flat drumhead-like non-trivial surface states（DNSSs） with an unusually high electronic density near the Fermi level. High catalytic active sites generally associated with high electronic densities around the Fermi level, high carrier mobility and a close-to-zero free energy of the adsorbed state of hydrogen（？G_（H＊）≈0） are prerequisite to design alternative of precious platinum for catalyzing electrochemical hydrogen production from water. By combining these two aspects, it is natural to consider if the DNLs are a good candidate for the hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） or not because its DNSSs provide a robust platform to activate chemical reactions. Here, through first-principles calculations we reported a new DNL TiSi-type family, exhibiting a closed Dirac nodal line due to the linear band crossings in k_y=0 plane.The hydrogen adsorbed state on the surface yields ？G_（H＊） to be almost zero and the topological charge carries participate in HER. The results highlight a new routine to design topological quantum catalyst utilizing the topological DNL-induced surface bands as active sites, rather than edge sites-, vacancy-,dopant-, strain-, or heterostructure-created active sites.