The ion levels in the epidermal bulliform cells of epidermis, mesophyll cells and cells of the vascular bundle sheath of four ecotypes of reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) were determined by means of ...The ion levels in the epidermal bulliform cells of epidermis, mesophyll cells and cells of the vascular bundle sheath of four ecotypes of reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) were determined by means of X_ray microanalysis. The results indicated that higher K +, Na +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl - were distributed in the vascular bundle sheath cells than in mesophyll cells and epidermal bulliform cells of the swamp ecotype. Higher Ca 2+ was found in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, higher Mg 2+ in the mesophyll cells and higher K +, Na + and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the dune ecotype. Higher Na + and Mg 2+ was determined in the mesophyll cells than in the bulliform cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, and higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the light salt meadow ecotype. In the heavy salt meadow ecotype, higher Na + and Mg 2+ were accumulated in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, but higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the mesophyll cells. Furthermore, the distributional conditions of the above five ions in leaf cells of the four ecotypes and their significance in the physiological adaptation of reed to habitat were discussed in detail.展开更多
Despite the importance of aloe in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, improvement of aloe （Aloe barbadensis Miller） by genetic engineering was seldom reported previously. In this study, regeneration and transfor...Despite the importance of aloe in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, improvement of aloe （Aloe barbadensis Miller） by genetic engineering was seldom reported previously. In this study, regeneration and transformation conditions, including explant selection and surface sterilization, use of different Agrobacterium strains, and co-culture processing, are optimized. The use of 20.0% sodium hypochloride （25 rain） for sterilization was less detrimental to the health of explant than 0.1% mercuric chloride （10 min）. Regeneration frequency from stems was much higher than that from leaves or sheaths. Explants were infected by Agrobacterium （30 rain） in liquid co-cultural medium, and this was followed by three days co-culture on sterile filter papers with light for 10 h per day at 24℃. Histochemical data demonstrated that the transient expression of GUS gene in the stem explants of aloe infected with Agrobacterium strains EHAI05 and C58CI was 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting the higher sensitivity of the explants to EHAI05 than to C58C1. Infected tissues were selected using G418 （10.0-25.0 mg/L） to generate transformants. Sixty-seven G418 resistant plantlets were generated from the infected explants. Southern blotting, PCR, and ELISA analyses indicated that the alien gene were successfully transferred into aloe and was expressed in the transgenic plants. This newly established transformation system could be used for the genetic improvement of aloe.展开更多
AIM： To compare the effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing. METHODS： Male Spraque-Dawley rats （n=48） were divided into four groups. Group...AIM： To compare the effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing. METHODS： Male Spraque-Dawley rats （n=48） were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control group, group 2 as gastric ulcer group without treatment, groups 3 and 4 as gastric ulcer treatment groups with sucralfate and Aloe vera. The rats from each group were divided into 2 subgroups for study of leukocyte adherence, TNF-α and IL-10 levels and gastric ulcer healing on days 1 and 8 after induction of gastric ulcer by 20% acetic acid. RESULTS： On day 1 after induction of gastric ulcer, the leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule was significantly （P〈 0.05） increased in the ulcer groups when compared to the control group. The level of TNF-α was elevated and the level of IL-10 was reduced. In the ulcer groups treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera, leukocyte adherence was reduced in postcapillary venule. The level of IL-10 was elevated, but the level of TNF-a had no significant difference. On day 8, the leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and the level of TNF-α were still increased and the level of IL-10 was reduced in the ulcer group without treatment. The ulcer treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera had lower leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and TNF-α level. The level of IL-10 was still elevated compared to the ulcer group without treatment. Furthermore, histopathological examination of stomach on days 1 and 8 after induction of gastric ulcer showed that gastric tissue was damaged with inflammation. In the ulcer groups treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera on days 1 and 8, gastric inflammation was reduced, epithelial cell proliferation was enhanced and gastric glands became elongated. The ulcer sizes were also reduced compared to the ulcer group without treatment. CONCLUSION： Administration of 20% acetic acid can induce gastric inflammation, increase leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and TNF-α level and reduce IL-10 level. Aloe vera treatment can reduce leukocyte adherence and TNF-αlevel, elevate IL-10 level and promote gastric ulcer healing.展开更多
Silver (I) was removed from aqueous environment by aloe vera shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles.The adsorbent was characterized by several methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning el...Silver (I) was removed from aqueous environment by aloe vera shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles.The adsorbent was characterized by several methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BETisotherm, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). To determine the absorptionof silver (I) by this adsorbent, different pH values (2?7), adsorbent dose (0.01?0.5 g), concentrations of Ag+ (50, 100, 200, 300, 500,700 and 1000 mg/L) and exposure time (5?100 min) were experimented. The highest removal efficiency of Ag+ was achieved underoptimum condition (30 min and pH=5). The optimum adsorbent dose was 0.20 g (in 50 mL of 100 mg/L Ag+ solution), whichachieved a removal efficiency of 98.3%. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir isotherm is243.90 mg/g. Characterization results revealed that specific surface area and porous volume were 814.23 m2/g and 0.726 cm3/g,respectively. The experimental data were fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Synthesized adsorbent has desired surface area and adsorptive capacity for silver (I) adsorption in aquatic environment.展开更多
The use of water hyacinth biomass as adsorbent for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions from aqueous solution by means of batch-adsorption technique was investigated to determine the potential ability of the biomaterial for metal ion...The use of water hyacinth biomass as adsorbent for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions from aqueous solution by means of batch-adsorption technique was investigated to determine the potential ability of the biomaterial for metal ion removal. The equilibrium isotherm study showed that the maximum monolayer coverage on the biomass surface was 0.933 mg·g-1 and 0.874 mg·g-1 for Mn2＋ and Cr3＋ ions respectively. The highest percentage of Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions adsorbed by the biomass was 86.4% and 82.6% at the optimum pH of 4.0 and 6.0 respectively. The results also showed that the highest percentage removal 82.5% and 78.3% was obtained at 30 and 20 minutes respectively for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions. The sorption process was examined by means of the Langmuir model. The adsorption equilibrium data were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficients of determination （R2 = 0.990 and 0.999） for Cr＋ and Mn2＋ ions respectively. The adsorption capacity of water hyacinth showed that water hyacinth will be useful in recovering chromium （III） and manganese （II） ions from solution and their subsequent removal from industrial effluents.展开更多
Veratraldehyde was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in I M HCI and 0.5 M H2SO4 separately using mass loss and electrochemical studies. The inhibition efficiencies were evaluated at different concentratio...Veratraldehyde was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in I M HCI and 0.5 M H2SO4 separately using mass loss and electrochemical studies. The inhibition efficiencies were evaluated at different concentrations of the inhibitor at different temperatures. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with increase in temperature in both the acid solutions. Electrochemical studies showed that the inhibitor is of mixed type with a slight predominance of anodic character. The inhibitor was more active in HCI than in H2SO4. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached at 1000 ppm in both the acid medium. The inhibitor was found to adsorb on the mild steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology of mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitor was studied by using scanning electron microscopic （SEM） images.展开更多
文摘The ion levels in the epidermal bulliform cells of epidermis, mesophyll cells and cells of the vascular bundle sheath of four ecotypes of reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) were determined by means of X_ray microanalysis. The results indicated that higher K +, Na +, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl - were distributed in the vascular bundle sheath cells than in mesophyll cells and epidermal bulliform cells of the swamp ecotype. Higher Ca 2+ was found in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, higher Mg 2+ in the mesophyll cells and higher K +, Na + and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the dune ecotype. Higher Na + and Mg 2+ was determined in the mesophyll cells than in the bulliform cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, and higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the vascular bundle sheath cells of the light salt meadow ecotype. In the heavy salt meadow ecotype, higher Na + and Mg 2+ were accumulated in the bulliform cells than in mesophyll cells and vascular bundle sheath cells, but higher K +, Ca 2+ and Cl - in the mesophyll cells. Furthermore, the distributional conditions of the above five ions in leaf cells of the four ecotypes and their significance in the physiological adaptation of reed to habitat were discussed in detail.
基金the grant from Beijing Education Committee (No. KZ200410011006).
文摘Despite the importance of aloe in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, improvement of aloe （Aloe barbadensis Miller） by genetic engineering was seldom reported previously. In this study, regeneration and transformation conditions, including explant selection and surface sterilization, use of different Agrobacterium strains, and co-culture processing, are optimized. The use of 20.0% sodium hypochloride （25 rain） for sterilization was less detrimental to the health of explant than 0.1% mercuric chloride （10 min）. Regeneration frequency from stems was much higher than that from leaves or sheaths. Explants were infected by Agrobacterium （30 rain） in liquid co-cultural medium, and this was followed by three days co-culture on sterile filter papers with light for 10 h per day at 24℃. Histochemical data demonstrated that the transient expression of GUS gene in the stem explants of aloe infected with Agrobacterium strains EHAI05 and C58CI was 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting the higher sensitivity of the explants to EHAI05 than to C58C1. Infected tissues were selected using G418 （10.0-25.0 mg/L） to generate transformants. Sixty-seven G418 resistant plantlets were generated from the infected explants. Southern blotting, PCR, and ELISA analyses indicated that the alien gene were successfully transferred into aloe and was expressed in the transgenic plants. This newly established transformation system could be used for the genetic improvement of aloe.
基金Supported by Rajadapiseksompoj Research Fund, Faculty of Medicine and Research Fund by Graduate School, Chulalongkom University
文摘AIM： To compare the effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing. METHODS： Male Spraque-Dawley rats （n=48） were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control group, group 2 as gastric ulcer group without treatment, groups 3 and 4 as gastric ulcer treatment groups with sucralfate and Aloe vera. The rats from each group were divided into 2 subgroups for study of leukocyte adherence, TNF-α and IL-10 levels and gastric ulcer healing on days 1 and 8 after induction of gastric ulcer by 20% acetic acid. RESULTS： On day 1 after induction of gastric ulcer, the leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule was significantly （P〈 0.05） increased in the ulcer groups when compared to the control group. The level of TNF-α was elevated and the level of IL-10 was reduced. In the ulcer groups treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera, leukocyte adherence was reduced in postcapillary venule. The level of IL-10 was elevated, but the level of TNF-a had no significant difference. On day 8, the leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and the level of TNF-α were still increased and the level of IL-10 was reduced in the ulcer group without treatment. The ulcer treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera had lower leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and TNF-α level. The level of IL-10 was still elevated compared to the ulcer group without treatment. Furthermore, histopathological examination of stomach on days 1 and 8 after induction of gastric ulcer showed that gastric tissue was damaged with inflammation. In the ulcer groups treated with sucralfate and Aloe vera on days 1 and 8, gastric inflammation was reduced, epithelial cell proliferation was enhanced and gastric glands became elongated. The ulcer sizes were also reduced compared to the ulcer group without treatment. CONCLUSION： Administration of 20% acetic acid can induce gastric inflammation, increase leukocyte adherence in postcapillary venule and TNF-α level and reduce IL-10 level. Aloe vera treatment can reduce leukocyte adherence and TNF-αlevel, elevate IL-10 level and promote gastric ulcer healing.
基金the Islamic Azad University-Bandar Abbas Branch for financial support
文摘Silver (I) was removed from aqueous environment by aloe vera shell ash supported Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles.The adsorbent was characterized by several methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BETisotherm, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). To determine the absorptionof silver (I) by this adsorbent, different pH values (2?7), adsorbent dose (0.01?0.5 g), concentrations of Ag+ (50, 100, 200, 300, 500,700 and 1000 mg/L) and exposure time (5?100 min) were experimented. The highest removal efficiency of Ag+ was achieved underoptimum condition (30 min and pH=5). The optimum adsorbent dose was 0.20 g (in 50 mL of 100 mg/L Ag+ solution), whichachieved a removal efficiency of 98.3%. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir isotherm is243.90 mg/g. Characterization results revealed that specific surface area and porous volume were 814.23 m2/g and 0.726 cm3/g,respectively. The experimental data were fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Synthesized adsorbent has desired surface area and adsorptive capacity for silver (I) adsorption in aquatic environment.
文摘The use of water hyacinth biomass as adsorbent for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions from aqueous solution by means of batch-adsorption technique was investigated to determine the potential ability of the biomaterial for metal ion removal. The equilibrium isotherm study showed that the maximum monolayer coverage on the biomass surface was 0.933 mg·g-1 and 0.874 mg·g-1 for Mn2＋ and Cr3＋ ions respectively. The highest percentage of Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions adsorbed by the biomass was 86.4% and 82.6% at the optimum pH of 4.0 and 6.0 respectively. The results also showed that the highest percentage removal 82.5% and 78.3% was obtained at 30 and 20 minutes respectively for Cr3＋ and Mn2＋ ions. The sorption process was examined by means of the Langmuir model. The adsorption equilibrium data were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model with high coefficients of determination （R2 = 0.990 and 0.999） for Cr＋ and Mn2＋ ions respectively. The adsorption capacity of water hyacinth showed that water hyacinth will be useful in recovering chromium （III） and manganese （II） ions from solution and their subsequent removal from industrial effluents.
文摘Veratraldehyde was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in I M HCI and 0.5 M H2SO4 separately using mass loss and electrochemical studies. The inhibition efficiencies were evaluated at different concentrations of the inhibitor at different temperatures. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with increase in temperature in both the acid solutions. Electrochemical studies showed that the inhibitor is of mixed type with a slight predominance of anodic character. The inhibitor was more active in HCI than in H2SO4. The maximum inhibition efficiency approached at 1000 ppm in both the acid medium. The inhibitor was found to adsorb on the mild steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The surface morphology of mild steel in the presence and absence of inhibitor was studied by using scanning electron microscopic （SEM） images.
