High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of ...High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.展开更多
目的前瞻性探究加味脱花煎联合宫腔镜治疗流产不全临床疗效,及对患者血清性激素与血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)的影响。方法前瞻性随机选取2020年9月—2020年10月医院收治的流产不全患者80例为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每...目的前瞻性探究加味脱花煎联合宫腔镜治疗流产不全临床疗效,及对患者血清性激素与血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)的影响。方法前瞻性随机选取2020年9月—2020年10月医院收治的流产不全患者80例为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组患者均行宫腔镜下清宫术治疗,观察组再予以术后脱花煎辅助康复。观察随访3个月。对两组患者治疗后第1 d、治疗后7 d采集静脉血检测血清性激素指标[促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)]及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2检测并行组间比较;观察记录两组患者术后月经恢复时间、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)转阴时间、第1次月经持续时间、月经量并行组间比较。观察记录两组患者并发症率并行组间比较。结果(1)观察组患者术后第1、7天血清FSH、LH、E2水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)两组患者术后7 d VEGF、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2均较术后第1天下降,且观察组低于对照组患者(P<0.05);(3)观察组患者术后月经恢复时间、血HCG转阴时间均较对照组患者短,第1次月经持续时间、月经量均较对照组患者高(P<0.05);(4)观察组患者治疗后并发症率低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论加味脱花煎联合宫腔镜治疗流产不全患者可有效降低患者VEGFR水平,缩短月经恢复时间及恢复质量,提升术后整体康复效率及康复质量,较单纯宫腔镜治疗优势更为明显,具有较高的临床价值。展开更多
The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of fl...The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis （Onagraceae） in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis （Blattodea： Blattidae）, which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual （corolla） and olfactory （fragrance） stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches＇ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiting insect indicates that they do not function as pollinator-specific signals for hawkmoth attraction .展开更多
文摘High-quality fragrant rice Daohuaxiang 2 is a well-known variety in grain industry of Heilongjiang Province. However, its fragrance has weakened in recent years. In this paper, the causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2 were discussed in depth. It was pointed out that variety degeneration, growth period influence, environmental factor influence, soil fertility influence and long drying time were the main causes for fragrance diminishing of Daohuaxiang 2. In addition, countermeasures for avoiding the fragrance diminishing were put forward.
文摘目的前瞻性探究加味脱花煎联合宫腔镜治疗流产不全临床疗效,及对患者血清性激素与血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)的影响。方法前瞻性随机选取2020年9月—2020年10月医院收治的流产不全患者80例为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。两组患者均行宫腔镜下清宫术治疗,观察组再予以术后脱花煎辅助康复。观察随访3个月。对两组患者治疗后第1 d、治疗后7 d采集静脉血检测血清性激素指标[促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)]及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2检测并行组间比较;观察记录两组患者术后月经恢复时间、血人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)转阴时间、第1次月经持续时间、月经量并行组间比较。观察记录两组患者并发症率并行组间比较。结果(1)观察组患者术后第1、7天血清FSH、LH、E2水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)两组患者术后7 d VEGF、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2均较术后第1天下降,且观察组低于对照组患者(P<0.05);(3)观察组患者术后月经恢复时间、血HCG转阴时间均较对照组患者短,第1次月经持续时间、月经量均较对照组患者高(P<0.05);(4)观察组患者治疗后并发症率低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论加味脱花煎联合宫腔镜治疗流产不全患者可有效降低患者VEGFR水平,缩短月经恢复时间及恢复质量,提升术后整体康复效率及康复质量,较单纯宫腔镜治疗优势更为明显,具有较高的临床价值。
基金Acknowledgements We thank F. Salinas and A. Villagra for their help finding Oenothera acaulis populations in coastal Central Chile, and S. Herrera and R. Yuri for their help with the field experiments. We acknowledge J. C. Ortuzar, J. Alcayaga, M. Cannals and D. Dominguez, A. Jimenez and R. Suarez for their statistical advices and constructive comments. Special thanks to R. Kaiser for the generous gift of authentic standard compounds for 3-methyl butyraldoxime and 2-methyl butyraldoxime for GC-MS analysis of floral scent. This research was funded by postdoctoral FONDECYT grant No 3095002 to C. A. Villagra, US National Science Foundation grant DEB-0317217 to R. A. Raguso and Contracts ICM P02-005 and PFB-23 to the Instituto de Ecologfa y Biodiversidad. Finally, we are thanks to Shmutzer family and BioParque Puquen staff, Los Molles, V Region, Comuna de La Ligua, Chile for their hospitality and involvement.
文摘The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis （Onagraceae） in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis （Blattodea： Blattidae）, which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual （corolla） and olfactory （fragrance） stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches＇ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiting insect indicates that they do not function as pollinator-specific signals for hawkmoth attraction .
