2017年高考“简明、连贯、得体”考题解析

＂语言表达简明、连贯、得体,准确、鲜明、生动＂是2017年高考语文考试大纲的考试内容之一,如果说＂准确、鲜明、生动＂是语言表达的最高纲领,那么＂简明、连贯、得体＂则是语言表达的基本要求和现实愿景。2017年高考语文全国9套试题对＂简明、连贯、得体＂的考查均有不同程度的涉及,直接设题加以考查的有全国甲、乙、丙3卷以及山东、江苏、上海3省市卷。

Circumscriptions and Phylogenetic Relationships of Primula Sects. Auganthus and Ranunculoides: Evidence from nrDNA ITS Sequences

The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.

Chemical Constituents of Pomatosace filicula

A new triterpenoid saponin, namely pomatoside A (3) 13beta, 28-epoxy-16-oleananone-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, together with twelve known compounds, was isolated for the first time from Pomatosace filicula Maxim., a monotypic endemic plant, grown in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods, especially 2D-NMR.

The Analysis and Prospect of Development of Fresh Cut Flower Industry Based on the Patent Analysis

Cut flower industry is an important branch of floral industry, characterized by less occupation of lands, high output values per unit area and export capacity.Therefore, it enjoys promising economic profits and development potential. The research conducted relevant analysis on patents of cut flowers at home and abroad,including development trend, regional distribution, applicants, and technology classification. Besides, the research discussed status quo, characteristics, and development trend of cut flower industry, providing references for policy formulation for governments.

Mechanism and Forecasting Methods for Severe Droughts and Floods in Songhua River Basin in China

The influence of various factors, mechanisms, and principles affecting runoff are summarized as periodic law, random law, and basin-wide law. Periodic law is restricted by astronomical factors, random law is restricted by atmospheric circulation, and basin-wide law is restricted by underlying surface. The commensurability method was used to identify the almost period law, the wave method was applied to deducing the random law, and the precursor method was applied in order to forecast runoff magnitude for the current year. These three methods can be used to assess each other and to forecast runoff. The system can also be applied to forecasting wet years, normal years and dry years for a particular year as well as forecasting years when floods with similar characteristics of previous floods, can be expected. Based on hydrological climate data of Baishan (1933-2009) and Nierji (1886-2009) in the Songhua River Basin, the forecasting results for 2010 show that it was a wet year in the Baishan Reservoir, similar to the year of 1995; it was a secondary dry year in the Nierji Reservoir, similar to the year of 1980. The actual water inflow into the Baishan Reservoir was 1.178 × 10 10 m 3 in 2010, which was markedly higher than average inflows, ranking as the second highest in history since records began. The actual water inflow at the Nierji station in 2010 was 9.96 × 10 9 m 3 , which was lower than the average over a period of many years. These results indicate a preliminary conclusion that the methods proposed in this paper have been proved to be reasonable and reliable, which will encourage the application of the chief reporter release system for each basin. This system was also used to forecast inflows for 2011, indicating a secondary wet year for the Baishan Reservoir in 2011, similar to that experienced in 1991. A secondary wet year was also forecast for the Nierji station in 2011, similar to that experienced during 1983. According to the nature of influencing factors, mechanisms and forecasting methods and the service objects, mid-to long-term hydrological forecasting can be divided into two classes:mid-to long-term runoff forecasting, and severe floods and droughts forecasting. The former can be applied to quantitative forecasting of runoff, which has important applications for water release schedules. The latter, i.e., qualitative disaster forecasting, is important for flood control and drought relief. Practical methods for forecasting severe droughts and floods are discussed in this paper.

尽青春之姿 演度世之梦——观上海昆剧团全本《南柯梦记》

为纪念汤显祖诞辰400周年,上海昆剧团在2016年启动"临川四梦"全球巡演,其中全本《南柯梦记》的问世,填补了"四梦"中《南柯记》的缺位,也相应地实现了"临川四梦"的整体呈现。上海昆剧团全本《南柯梦记》将原作44出精编为7出,表演上侧重淳于棼与金枝公主瑶芳的生旦戏,但在体现原作思想深刻内涵方面还有待打磨。该剧的舞台美术设计、灯光设计在具体使用上比其他"三梦"更富于变化,体现了在细节处理上的用心。为使舞台呈现更为丰富,导演率领服装化妆在身段设计、舞台调度上也尝试了很多办法。年轻的主演卫立、蒋珂被委以重任,尽青春之姿演绎汤翁半百之年创作的度世幻梦,接下来应该既要勤奋更要沉淀,逐步成为高水平的传承人。在昆剧演出历史上,《南柯记》的两出折子戏《花报》《瑶台》脱颖而出,逐渐沉淀成熟,独具风采,代有传承。除了全本戏之外,经典折子戏的传承也不容忽视。