花果类“药食同源”产品在啤酒行业的法规标准研究和应用

近年来健康、养生的生活方式已成为青年一代新的消费观,尤其体现在食品饮料市场,高质量的健康食品和啤酒,早已成为人们追捧的新对象。“药食同源”是中华民族中药发展史上灿烂的结晶之一。国潮复兴,传统滋补、药食同源等中式养身越来越受到年轻人的青咪,这个千亿市场在未来仍有较高的成长性。随着药食同源类啤酒市场的激增,随之而来的除了有关“药食同源”产品的法律法规监管和标准应用问题,还有各国对药食同源产品的安全性要求和规定,本文通过分析和概述中国药食同源法律法规监管体系、国外对医疗食品的具体规定和约束及药食同源一花果类产品特性,增加啤酒口味研发思路。

Influence of Fruit Tree Types and Arrangements on Yield, Quality and Economic Returns of Cotton of Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang

[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. [Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. [Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. [Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.

Graft Compatibility of Scotch Bonnet （Capsicum chinense Jacq） with Selected Salt-Tolerant Solanaceous

In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma）, reportedly salt-tolerant, were evaluated for their graft compatibility with Capsicum chinense cv Scotch Bonnet. Grafted and non-grafted plants were grown for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. Graft compatibility was determined by the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface and vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that the highest survival percentage （100%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/Black Beauty heterografts and the lowest （16%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/bitter gumma heterografts. Vascular regeneration across the graft interface was seen in Scotch Bonnet autografts and heterografts with Black Beauty. Graft incompatibility observed in heterografts on Akash and bitter gumma rootstocks could be attributed to the presence of a necrotic layer at the graft interface. In conclusion, progressive scion growth and development and the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface are effective in determining graft compatibility between Scotch Bonnet and selected solanceous species. This suggests that Scotch Bonnet can be cultivated under saline growing condition.

Phenolic compounds participating in mulberry juice sediment formation during storage

The stability of clarified juice is of great importance in the beverage industry and to consumers.Phenolic compounds are considered to be one of the main factors responsible for sediment formation.The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the phenolic content in clarified mulberry juice during storage.Hence, separation, identification, quantification, and analysis of the changes in the contents of phenolic compounds, both free and bound forms, in the supernatant and sediments of mulberry juice, were carried out using high performance liquid chromatographic system, equipped with a photo-diode array detector（HPLC-PDA） and HPLC coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric（HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS） techniques.There was an increase in the amount of sediment formed over the period of study.Total phenolic content of supernatant, as well as free phenolic content in the extracts of the precipitate decreased, whereas the bound phenolic content in the sediment increased.Quantitative estimation of individual phenolic compounds indicated high degradation of free anthocyanins in the supernatant and sediment from 938.60 to 2.30 mg/L and 235.60 to 1.74 mg/g, respectively.A decrease in flavonoids in the supernatant was also observed, whereas the contents of bound forms of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the sediment increased.Anthocyanins were the most abundant form of phenolics in the sediment, and accounted for 67.2% of total phenolics after 8 weeks of storage.These results revealed that phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, were involved in the formation of sediments in mulberry juice during storage.