Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substit...Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substitution line in which a pair of intact chromosomes of TM_1 ( G. hirsutum ) were replaced by a pair of homozygous chromosomes of 3_79 ( G. barbadense ) is an excellent material for genetic research and molecular tagging. In this study, substitution line 16 (Sub 16) was used to evaluate the performance of the 16th chromosome in G. barbadense in TM_1 background. The genetic analysis using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in F 2∶3 family revealed that there might exist 2 QTLs respectively for boll size, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length and the first fruit branch node, 1 QTL for fiber elongation and flowering date, and no QTL for seed index, fiber strength and Micronaire in chromosome 16. However, 9 QTLs (LOD (logarithm of odds)≥3.0) controlling 6 quantitative traits were significantly identified in linkage group of chromosome 16 constructed in (TM_1×3_79) F 2by interval mapping. Among them, 1 QTL for boll size, fiber length, flowering date and fiber elongation could explain 15.2%, 19.7%, 12.1%, and 11.7% phenotypic variance respectively, 2 QTLs for lint index could explain 11.6% and 41.9%, and 3 QTLs for lint percentage could explain 8.7%, 9.6% and 29.2% phenotypic variance respectively. One unlinked SSR marker was associated with one QTL respectively for boll size and flowering date and they could explain 1.60% and 4.63% phenotypic variance. The traits associated significantly with chromosome 16 from Sub 16 were boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length, fiber elongation and flowering days.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore physiological and biochemical changes of leaves after plants were mutated. [Method] A rice double mutant with stripes on stems, leaves and spikelets were taken as experiment...[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore physiological and biochemical changes of leaves after plants were mutated. [Method] A rice double mutant with stripes on stems, leaves and spikelets were taken as experimental materials to study the enzyme activity changes in different growth stages and amino acid variation in rice. [ Result] The SOD activity in mutant was higher than that in wild plant at tillering metaphase, but lower than that in wild type before heading stage and late flowering; the POD activity in three stages increased firstly then declined and the activity showed highest maximal activity at before heading stage. However, the POD activity in wild type showed the opposite change trend; the CAT activity presented degression at three stages, especially high at tillering metaphase, but reverse changes in wild type; the MDA activity decreased at three stages, but it was still higher than that in wild type, besides, the soluble sugar content of mutant was lower, but total amino acid content was increased. [ Conclusion] The expression of mutant characteristics was correlated with SOD, POD, CAT and MDA activity Changes and these changes made the mutant survive and rice quality change at last.展开更多
The genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick is known from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.In the present paper,two species of the genus Eucoenogenes are recognized from China.E.ancyrota(Meyrick,1907)is reported in detail for ...The genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick is known from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.In the present paper,two species of the genus Eucoenogenes are recognized from China.E.ancyrota(Meyrick,1907)is reported in detail for the first time in China.Some characters of male genitalia are increased and variation of uncus between specimens from China and other areas is remarked.A key to the species of Eucoenogenes is provided based on the characters of male genitalia.The photographs of adult and male genitalia of E.ancyrota are given.展开更多
Two species of Heleanna Clarke are recorded in this paper. The genus Heleanna is first reported in Chinese mainland. H. turpinivora Nasu Byun, already known from Korea and Japan, is now reported in China. Variation in...Two species of Heleanna Clarke are recorded in this paper. The genus Heleanna is first reported in Chinese mainland. H. turpinivora Nasu Byun, already known from Korea and Japan, is now reported in China. Variation in the female genitalia is described. A key to Chinese species of Heleanna is given.Photographs of the adults and genitalia of H. turpinivora are provided.展开更多
Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） ...Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） and G. rufovittata（Pic, 1922） are newly recorded in China. Male of G. elliptica Chen Chiang, 1996 is discovered and described for the first time. A key to species of the genus Gnathostrangalia is provided.展开更多
In this paper the genus Hermenias Meyrick is reported for the first time from the Chinese mainland with H.semicurva(Meyrick,1912).Photographs of the adults and genitalia of H.semicurva are provided.A key to the two re...In this paper the genus Hermenias Meyrick is reported for the first time from the Chinese mainland with H.semicurva(Meyrick,1912).Photographs of the adults and genitalia of H.semicurva are provided.A key to the two regional species is given.展开更多
Severe growth abnormalities including shoot stunting, leaf blade reduction and flower bud failure of Brussels sprout were observed in Poland. The presence of phytoplasma in diseased as well as in healthy looking plant...Severe growth abnormalities including shoot stunting, leaf blade reduction and flower bud failure of Brussels sprout were observed in Poland. The presence of phytoplasma in diseased as well as in healthy looking plants, was demonstrated by nested polymerase chain reaction assay employing phytoplasma universal rRNA primer pairs-P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. Products of PCR primed by R 16F2n/R 16R2 primer pair from naturally infected Brussels sprouts were sequenced. Comparison of the obtained 16S rDNAs revealed high nucleotide sequence identity between analyzed phytoplasma isolates （99.8%-100%）. They were also nearly identical with the sequences of other phytoplasmas isolates from sub-group 16SrI-B, and they were classified as members of ＂Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris＂.展开更多
The correct use of information in science and technology is very important for its progress. Nowadays, the equipment used for the scientific and technological development provides results that are later interpreted by...The correct use of information in science and technology is very important for its progress. Nowadays, the equipment used for the scientific and technological development provides results that are later interpreted by the researchers, in most of the above mentioned equipment the results are images full of information which has to be analyzed. A powerful stage with multiple benefits in this field is the image pre-processing by means of intelligent systems, which are capable to do image analysis throwing very useful results that enhance the scientific and technological information. There are currently more than 500 functions in the computational vision specialized open source library OpenCV, which associated with the C＋＋ programming language. These functions are used for application development in many areas of computer vision such as products inspection, medical images, safety, user＇s interfaces, camera calibration, stereoscopic vision and robotics. In this development and research work, by using the available functions and modifying the exposed methods, we present a proposal for signal detection in images originated in the transmission electron microscope （known as diffraction patterns）, which are attached to the detailed analysis of crystalline structures used in the study of the materials science, the results show a profit of at least 18% in the detection of signs by means of the method proposed in this work.展开更多
A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC s...A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC system consisted of Hypersil ODS C 18 reverse phase column （150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a methanol gradient in 0.6% acetic acid and UV detector set at 254 nm. The results showed that the method was accurate and efficient.展开更多
Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) causes significant yield loss in susceptible crops irrigated with contaminated water. However, detection of TMV in water is difficult owing to extremely low concentrations of the virus. Here,...Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) causes significant yield loss in susceptible crops irrigated with contaminated water. However, detection of TMV in water is difficult owing to extremely low concentrations of the virus. Here, we developed a simple method for the detection and quantification of TMV in irrigation water. TMV was reliably detected at concentrations as low as 10 viral copies/μL with real-time PCR. The sensitivity of detection was further improved using polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000, MW 6000) to concentrate TMV from water samples. Among the 28 samples from Shaanxi Province examined with our method, 17 were tested positive after virus concentration. Infectivity of TMV in the original water sample as well as after concentration was confirmed using PCR. The limiting concentration of TMV in water to re-infect plants was determined as 102 viral copies/mL. The method developed in this study offers a novel approach to detect TMV in irrigation water, and may provide an effective tool to control crop infection.展开更多
This study focused on the performance of where elements analysing techniques were used to detect the elements in granite stones. These techniques are NAA （neutron activation analysis） and XRF （X-ray fluorescence）....This study focused on the performance of where elements analysing techniques were used to detect the elements in granite stones. These techniques are NAA （neutron activation analysis） and XRF （X-ray fluorescence）. They were applied to detect the elements in samples which had been chosen from different areas of Pulua Penang in Malaysia collected by geophysics group which helped to describe and identify the elements found in the granite stone that were used in the study procedures to control the analytical results. The integration of both methods has enabled the researcher to determine 40 elements in the samples. The numbers of elements detected by XRF analysis method are 12 elements （Ar, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn）; while, the elements detected by NAA method have three folds of elements with XRF analysis method were 35 elements （Na, AI, Si, K, Ca, Sc,Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Ce, As, Br, Rb, Zr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Nd, Sm, Eu,Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pa and Np）. Seven common elements were detected in both techniques： K, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co. Si has a higher concentration in NAA technique which is 331.8 ppm. Sc has a lower concentration in XRF technique which is 0.25 ppm. Nd has a lower concentration in NAA technique which is 3.09 - 10-5 ppm. Finally, it is found that the NAA is better to detect the elements than XRF.展开更多
Pepino mosaic virus （PepMV）, monopartite RNA virus, 6,500 pb, belonging to Flexiviridae and Potexvirus group, is highly infectious and easily transmissible. Its economic impact is major for the tomato producer＇s co...Pepino mosaic virus （PepMV）, monopartite RNA virus, 6,500 pb, belonging to Flexiviridae and Potexvirus group, is highly infectious and easily transmissible. Its economic impact is major for the tomato producer＇s countries. Prevention, based on early virus detection is the only effective control measure. Monoclonal antibodies appeared to be very useful tool. The authors used for the production of monoclonal antibodies hybridomas technique, by fusing spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice to PepMV and SP2/O cancerous cells. The aim of this work is to produce hybridomas producers of Mab that could be used for ELISA in Morocco. At the same time, these efforts will serve to decrease expenses of producers concerning phytosanitory control. We obtained 16 hybridomas lines producers of Mab specific for PepMV. They were tested for efficiencies in ELISA and two lines were retained for production of Mab on large scale （1B 11-G 10 and 5A l-G5）. Isotyping of these two lines showed that they are belonging to IgG 1 class and easily purified by affinity chromatography in agarose column by protein A. The conjugation of these two antibodies to alkaline phosphatase has been verified by DAS-ELISA. These antibodies will enable to diagnose the disease from infected tomato plants, integrating several serological tests to control it and target the actions of struggles.展开更多
Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating n...Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples （honeybee collected pollen） is applied. For this purpose, several sources ofZ. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint （flavonoid/phenolic profile） for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC/DAD） fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.展开更多
Fast neutron tomography has been established as an inspection and detection tool at the NECTAR facility at the FRM-II reac- tor. Scattered neutrons from the object become a major disturbance and bring in artifacts and...Fast neutron tomography has been established as an inspection and detection tool at the NECTAR facility at the FRM-II reac- tor. Scattered neutrons from the object become a major disturbance and bring in artifacts and deviations in reconstruction re- suits, especially for hydrogenous material object. In this article, an iterative scattering correction method for fast neutron to- mography was proposed. In each loop of iteration the scattering component of the projections will be simulated by Mon- te-Carlo program MCNPX based on the previous reconstruction result and then it will be subtracted from original projections. The differences between scattering components at different perspectives were quantitatively evaluated and an average scatter- ing component image was used for all projections finally. Smooth and uniform slices with more clear edges were obtained and the new reconstructed attenuation coefficients are quite close to the real one compared to the results without scattering correc- tion, in which case the relative error of the reconstructed attenuation coefficients is about 10%-30%.展开更多
文摘Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substitution line in which a pair of intact chromosomes of TM_1 ( G. hirsutum ) were replaced by a pair of homozygous chromosomes of 3_79 ( G. barbadense ) is an excellent material for genetic research and molecular tagging. In this study, substitution line 16 (Sub 16) was used to evaluate the performance of the 16th chromosome in G. barbadense in TM_1 background. The genetic analysis using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in F 2∶3 family revealed that there might exist 2 QTLs respectively for boll size, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length and the first fruit branch node, 1 QTL for fiber elongation and flowering date, and no QTL for seed index, fiber strength and Micronaire in chromosome 16. However, 9 QTLs (LOD (logarithm of odds)≥3.0) controlling 6 quantitative traits were significantly identified in linkage group of chromosome 16 constructed in (TM_1×3_79) F 2by interval mapping. Among them, 1 QTL for boll size, fiber length, flowering date and fiber elongation could explain 15.2%, 19.7%, 12.1%, and 11.7% phenotypic variance respectively, 2 QTLs for lint index could explain 11.6% and 41.9%, and 3 QTLs for lint percentage could explain 8.7%, 9.6% and 29.2% phenotypic variance respectively. One unlinked SSR marker was associated with one QTL respectively for boll size and flowering date and they could explain 1.60% and 4.63% phenotypic variance. The traits associated significantly with chromosome 16 from Sub 16 were boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length, fiber elongation and flowering days.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-04-0907)the Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0453)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore physiological and biochemical changes of leaves after plants were mutated. [Method] A rice double mutant with stripes on stems, leaves and spikelets were taken as experimental materials to study the enzyme activity changes in different growth stages and amino acid variation in rice. [ Result] The SOD activity in mutant was higher than that in wild plant at tillering metaphase, but lower than that in wild type before heading stage and late flowering; the POD activity in three stages increased firstly then declined and the activity showed highest maximal activity at before heading stage. However, the POD activity in wild type showed the opposite change trend; the CAT activity presented degression at three stages, especially high at tillering metaphase, but reverse changes in wild type; the MDA activity decreased at three stages, but it was still higher than that in wild type, besides, the soluble sugar content of mutant was lower, but total amino acid content was increased. [ Conclusion] The expression of mutant characteristics was correlated with SOD, POD, CAT and MDA activity Changes and these changes made the mutant survive and rice quality change at last.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101665,J0630963)Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project(YETP1716)
文摘The genus Eucoenogenes Meyrick is known from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions.In the present paper,two species of the genus Eucoenogenes are recognized from China.E.ancyrota(Meyrick,1907)is reported in detail for the first time in China.Some characters of male genitalia are increased and variation of uncus between specimens from China and other areas is remarked.A key to the species of Eucoenogenes is provided based on the characters of male genitalia.The photographs of adult and male genitalia of E.ancyrota are given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (J1210005, 31101665)Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (YETP1716)
文摘Two species of Heleanna Clarke are recorded in this paper. The genus Heleanna is first reported in Chinese mainland. H. turpinivora Nasu Byun, already known from Korea and Japan, is now reported in China. Variation in the female genitalia is described. A key to Chinese species of Heleanna is given.Photographs of the adults and genitalia of H. turpinivora are provided.
基金supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2014GXNSFAA118069, 2010GXNSFA013070)partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260523, 31540055)
文摘Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） and G. rufovittata（Pic, 1922） are newly recorded in China. Male of G. elliptica Chen Chiang, 1996 is discovered and described for the first time. A key to species of the genus Gnathostrangalia is provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101665)the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project(YETP1716)
文摘In this paper the genus Hermenias Meyrick is reported for the first time from the Chinese mainland with H.semicurva(Meyrick,1912).Photographs of the adults and genitalia of H.semicurva are provided.A key to the two regional species is given.
文摘Severe growth abnormalities including shoot stunting, leaf blade reduction and flower bud failure of Brussels sprout were observed in Poland. The presence of phytoplasma in diseased as well as in healthy looking plants, was demonstrated by nested polymerase chain reaction assay employing phytoplasma universal rRNA primer pairs-P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2. Products of PCR primed by R 16F2n/R 16R2 primer pair from naturally infected Brussels sprouts were sequenced. Comparison of the obtained 16S rDNAs revealed high nucleotide sequence identity between analyzed phytoplasma isolates （99.8%-100%）. They were also nearly identical with the sequences of other phytoplasmas isolates from sub-group 16SrI-B, and they were classified as members of ＂Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris＂.
文摘The correct use of information in science and technology is very important for its progress. Nowadays, the equipment used for the scientific and technological development provides results that are later interpreted by the researchers, in most of the above mentioned equipment the results are images full of information which has to be analyzed. A powerful stage with multiple benefits in this field is the image pre-processing by means of intelligent systems, which are capable to do image analysis throwing very useful results that enhance the scientific and technological information. There are currently more than 500 functions in the computational vision specialized open source library OpenCV, which associated with the C＋＋ programming language. These functions are used for application development in many areas of computer vision such as products inspection, medical images, safety, user＇s interfaces, camera calibration, stereoscopic vision and robotics. In this development and research work, by using the available functions and modifying the exposed methods, we present a proposal for signal detection in images originated in the transmission electron microscope （known as diffraction patterns）, which are attached to the detailed analysis of crystalline structures used in the study of the materials science, the results show a profit of at least 18% in the detection of signs by means of the method proposed in this work.
文摘A simple, rapid and perfect extraction and determination method for the endogenous hormones in anthers of bitter melon with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） has been developed. The HPLC system consisted of Hypersil ODS C 18 reverse phase column （150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a methanol gradient in 0.6% acetic acid and UV detector set at 254 nm. The results showed that the method was accurate and efficient.
基金supported by the Key Technology Program of China National Tobacco Corporation (110200902046)111 Project from the Education Ministry of China, (No.B07049)the National High-tech R&D Program of China (no. 2012AA101504)
文摘Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) causes significant yield loss in susceptible crops irrigated with contaminated water. However, detection of TMV in water is difficult owing to extremely low concentrations of the virus. Here, we developed a simple method for the detection and quantification of TMV in irrigation water. TMV was reliably detected at concentrations as low as 10 viral copies/μL with real-time PCR. The sensitivity of detection was further improved using polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG6000, MW 6000) to concentrate TMV from water samples. Among the 28 samples from Shaanxi Province examined with our method, 17 were tested positive after virus concentration. Infectivity of TMV in the original water sample as well as after concentration was confirmed using PCR. The limiting concentration of TMV in water to re-infect plants was determined as 102 viral copies/mL. The method developed in this study offers a novel approach to detect TMV in irrigation water, and may provide an effective tool to control crop infection.
文摘This study focused on the performance of where elements analysing techniques were used to detect the elements in granite stones. These techniques are NAA （neutron activation analysis） and XRF （X-ray fluorescence）. They were applied to detect the elements in samples which had been chosen from different areas of Pulua Penang in Malaysia collected by geophysics group which helped to describe and identify the elements found in the granite stone that were used in the study procedures to control the analytical results. The integration of both methods has enabled the researcher to determine 40 elements in the samples. The numbers of elements detected by XRF analysis method are 12 elements （Ar, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn）; while, the elements detected by NAA method have three folds of elements with XRF analysis method were 35 elements （Na, AI, Si, K, Ca, Sc,Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Ce, As, Br, Rb, Zr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Nd, Sm, Eu,Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Pa and Np）. Seven common elements were detected in both techniques： K, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co. Si has a higher concentration in NAA technique which is 331.8 ppm. Sc has a lower concentration in XRF technique which is 0.25 ppm. Nd has a lower concentration in NAA technique which is 3.09 - 10-5 ppm. Finally, it is found that the NAA is better to detect the elements than XRF.
文摘Pepino mosaic virus （PepMV）, monopartite RNA virus, 6,500 pb, belonging to Flexiviridae and Potexvirus group, is highly infectious and easily transmissible. Its economic impact is major for the tomato producer＇s countries. Prevention, based on early virus detection is the only effective control measure. Monoclonal antibodies appeared to be very useful tool. The authors used for the production of monoclonal antibodies hybridomas technique, by fusing spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice to PepMV and SP2/O cancerous cells. The aim of this work is to produce hybridomas producers of Mab that could be used for ELISA in Morocco. At the same time, these efforts will serve to decrease expenses of producers concerning phytosanitory control. We obtained 16 hybridomas lines producers of Mab specific for PepMV. They were tested for efficiencies in ELISA and two lines were retained for production of Mab on large scale （1B 11-G 10 and 5A l-G5）. Isotyping of these two lines showed that they are belonging to IgG 1 class and easily purified by affinity chromatography in agarose column by protein A. The conjugation of these two antibodies to alkaline phosphatase has been verified by DAS-ELISA. These antibodies will enable to diagnose the disease from infected tomato plants, integrating several serological tests to control it and target the actions of struggles.
文摘Zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples （honeybee collected pollen） is applied. For this purpose, several sources ofZ. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint （flavonoid/phenolic profile） for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC/DAD） fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.
基金supported by the Academic Exchange Fund of Peking University Graduate Schoolthe National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB833106)
文摘Fast neutron tomography has been established as an inspection and detection tool at the NECTAR facility at the FRM-II reac- tor. Scattered neutrons from the object become a major disturbance and bring in artifacts and deviations in reconstruction re- suits, especially for hydrogenous material object. In this article, an iterative scattering correction method for fast neutron to- mography was proposed. In each loop of iteration the scattering component of the projections will be simulated by Mon- te-Carlo program MCNPX based on the previous reconstruction result and then it will be subtracted from original projections. The differences between scattering components at different perspectives were quantitatively evaluated and an average scatter- ing component image was used for all projections finally. Smooth and uniform slices with more clear edges were obtained and the new reconstructed attenuation coefficients are quite close to the real one compared to the results without scattering correc- tion, in which case the relative error of the reconstructed attenuation coefficients is about 10%-30%.
