施用作物富硒增产剂对花生硒含量及产量的影响探究

硒元素对人体健康十分重要,而花生作为我国的重要油料作物,提升花生硒元素含量对保障人体健康意义重大。正确使用富硒增产剂能够有效提升花生硒元素含量。基于此,开展田间试验,探究施加富硒增产剂对花生硒含量、产量的影响。结果表明,在单位面积施富硒增产剂相同的条件下,根施的效果更明显。在单位面积施加不同量的富硒增产剂,花生硒含量增幅与富硒增产剂用量成反比,花生产量也与富硒增产剂用量成反比。

花生病虫害发生特点及综合防治技术探究

科技和经济的不断发展推动了我国农业的快速发展,我国花生作物的种植面积不断扩大,随之而来也出现了很多严重的病虫害问题。当前,花生病虫害问题已经成为人们非常重视的问题,为了保障花生作物的产量和质量,需要对花生病虫害发生特点进行详细分析和研究,并加强综合防治技术的科学应用,避免病虫害对花生作物造成严重影响。基于此,重点对花生病虫害发生特点及综合防治技术进行分析。

探讨花生病虫害发生特点及综合防治技术

随着我国农业的迅速发展,花生的种植规模也在不断的扩大,由此带来的大量病虫害问题也随之产生。目前,农民对花生的病虫害问题十分关注,为保证花生生产和品质,需要全面地分析和研究花生的病虫害特征,强化科技综合防治技术,防治病虫害对花生生产的危害。因此,文章着重分析了花生病虫害的特征和综合治理技术。

花生病虫害的防治技术探讨

花生是一种营养价值较高的农作物,随着花生使用量的增多,种植区域不断增加,花生种植过程中出现病虫害问题也日益严重,病虫害防治技术提高可增加花生产量,为提高农民经济收入,促进区域农业经济发展,本文主要针对花生病虫害的防治技术进行讨论。

Application of Oats to Control the Weeds in the Seedling Period of Alfalfa Sowed in Spring

[Objective]The aim was to solve the weeds existed in seedling period of alfalfa in Chongqing.[Method]The naked oat and common oat were selected.Through the analysis of determiners such as plant number,plant height,yield and weeds ratio,the oat type and sowing method were screened through all the accompany sowing crops to better control weeds in the seedling period of alfalfa.[Result]Compared with common oat,the tested naked oat as the companion crop of alfalfa seeding can prevent weeds more effectively;the proper companion-seeding disposal of alfalfa sowed in spring in Chongqing area was 15 kg/hm2 of alfalfa and 120 kg/hm2 of naked oat,sowing in strip in 40 cm row spacing;the proper mowing period of oat was during the time from May 11th to May 21st;the proper mowing period of alfalfa was ten days later.[Conclusion]Spring sowing oats with alfalfa can control seedling weeds effectively.

Effect of Dendranthema on Cotesia plutellae Parasitism in Brassicaceous Crops： Control of Diamondback Moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella （Linnaeus）

The parasitism rate and the caterpillar infestation were studied by intercropping Dendranthema flowering plants with some cruciferous crops. These flowering plants increased significantly the rate of Cotesia plutellae parasitism in the adj acent plots. It reached to 42.96% in treatment plot and 18.19% in the control. Although there was no significant difference in no. of diamondback moth （DBM） larvae per plant, 29.09% in population reduction was occurred in treatment plot. Abundance of cabbage looper and armyworm were also lower in adjacent plot. But, small white butterfly population （23.46%） was higher in adjacent plots as the result of Dendranthema plant. From the present experiment, Dendranthema flowering plants should be cultivated in Brasssicaceous crops for the control of DBM by providing the essential resources to larval parasitoid C. plutellae adults and then, this plant can be used as attractive plant in the control of small white butterfly. Serious elimination （Rating 4） of candidate insecticides to adult C. plutellae was observed at their recommendation doses. Among them, less toxic effect to C. plutellae was occurred in O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl which is the highest LC50 （4,765 ppm） to DBM by leaf-disc bioassay method and the lowest LC50 （2,903 pprn） was found in marlathion. It was occurred that the test strain have resistance to the recommended dose of marlathion （1,243 ppm） and O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl （3,750 ppm）.

Pollen-embryogenesis and chromosomal variability in anther culture of Brassica hirta Moench (Sinapis alba L)

The anther cultures of Brassica hirta underwent pollenembryogenesis and callusing,which showed a wide range of chromosome numbers varying from 9 (n=12) to a highly polyploid.For embryogenesis,pretreatment of floral buds in 0.4 M sucrose solution for 72 hrs at 4℃ was superior to freshly cultured anthers.Culture temperature of 30℃ for 14 days before maintenance of cultures at 25℃ was significantly beneficial for embryo yield in comparison to cultures continuously incubated at 25℃.Dark treatment during culture was more effective for pollen-embryo yield.

Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Safflower （Carthamus tinctorius L.） and Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） Studied in Nutrient Solution

Safflower represents an important oil crop internationally and may have a production potential under low input conditions, but its putatively high phosphorous use efficiency is not sustained. This study aims to directly compare safflower with sunflower in terms of phosphorus use efficiency in nutrient solution under controlled conditions. Growth of both species responded strongly to increasing P supply. Safflower recovers less proportion of added P than sunflower. External P requirement （（g P supply （100 g dry matter （DM） produced）~） was higher in safflower than sunflower. The efficiency of the crops for DM production based on accumulated P （mg P potl, efficiency ratio）, and P concentration in DM （（mg P （g DM）＇I）, utilization index） were interpreted using Michaelis-Menten kinetics as growth response curves. Accordingly, Km constant was lower in sunflower compared to safflower in terms of utilization index, but both were similar in terms of efficiency ratio. High Km constant in safflower in terms of utilization index indicates the high P concentration in tissues to produce 50% of potential maximum DM, consequently less efficient crop. Utilization efficiency contributed more than uptake efficiency in overall PUE in the efficient cultivar and could be the cause of its superiority in PUE. It can be concluded that safflower has a high requirement for P with respect to growth, sunflower is more efficient in terms of uptake and utilization of P at optimal and sub-optimal P supplies indicating that safflower can not be considered a low nutrient input crop compared to sunflower with respect to phosphorus.

Effects of K and N Nutrition on Function and Production of Ranunculus asiaticus

Potassium （K） affects a range of physiological processes in the plant and is a key factor controlling crop productivity and yield quality. Little information is available concerning effects of K nutrition on function of cut flower plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the interaction between K and N nutrition, on flower quantity and quality of Ranunculus asiaticus L. The plants were supplied with three levels of K fertigation （60, 120, or 180 mg K L-1） under 50 mg N L-1 application, and at the intermediate level of 120 mg K L-1, to three levels of N applications （50, 100, or 150 mg N L-l）. The two lowest K treatments and the lowest N treatment excelled in flower production due to the lower incidence of stem-toppling, a disorder associated with localized Ca deficiencies in rapidly expanding tissues of the flower stem. Detrimental effects in terms of yield quality were apparent already under supply of 180 mg K L-1 and 50 mg N L-1, and were not associated with changes in osmotic potential, relative water content or membrane stability of the plant tissue, or with changes in mineral contents of the leaves other than reduced Ca under high N application. Our results suggest a low nutritional requirement of R. asiaticus L. for K and N, a lack of involvement of tissue water relations in the reduced flower quality under the application of high concentrations of K and N, and an induction of stem toppling under high application of N and K by reduced availability of Ca to the expanding tissue of the flower stem.