不同倍性草莓品种性状比较

为有效利用草莓种质资源,提高种间杂交成功率,以二倍体RG、八倍体红颊、十倍体桃薰为材料,通过观测田间农艺性状,测定维生素C(VC)、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、多酚、类黄酮等含量,以及DPPH和FRAP抗氧化能力、花药活力、柱头可授性等,比较研究了不同倍性草莓品种的性状。结果表明,3个草莓品种的株高、果实风味、平均单果重、硬度等农艺性状存在显著差异。RG在营养品质和抗氧化性能上充分显现出野生资源营养物质丰富的特色,VC、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH、FRAP抗氧化能力均极显著高于红颊和桃薰。TTC花药染色结果显示,桃薰花药活力最强且持续时间最长,红颊次之,桃薰与红颊花药活力高峰在大蕾期与开花第1天,而RG仅在小蕾期有少量有活力的花药,其余各阶段均未检测到花药活力。联苯胺-过氧化氢法试验结果表明,红颊与桃薰在大蕾期和开花第1天柱头可授性最强,RG在大蕾期、开花第1天、开花第2天、开花第3天柱头有少量气泡产生,但可授性较弱,其他花期柱头均不具可授性。RG作杂交父本时,花药的采集宜掌握在小蕾期,作母本时需要足够多的花粉量且授粉时间宜在大蕾期至开花第3天。红颊品质突出、综合性状表现优,是品种改良的重要亲本材料。桃薰因其果色外观优,香气似桃香,可作为特色品种改良和种间杂交研究的重要资源。

草莓种间杂交后代与亲本性状比较

为有效利用野生草莓资源,提高渐渗系创制效率,通过测定二倍体RG×八倍体红玉正反交杂交结实率、杂交种子出苗率,用卡宝品红染色法与流式细胞术对种间杂交后代进行染色体倍性检测,比较研究了六倍体种间材料RH28与父母本的植株叶片结构、株型、可溶性固形物含量、花药活力等。结果表明,RG×红玉杂交结实率为22%,高于红玉×RG的15%;RG×红玉杂交种子出苗率为12.04%,低于红玉×RG的20.83%。RG×红玉杂交后代中不同倍性植株占比分别为2x 19.57%、3x 45.65%、4x 19.57%、5x 13.04%、6x 2.17%,红玉×RG杂交后代3x 20.0%、4x 26.67%、5x 26.67%、6x 26.67%。种间杂交后代RH28植株略高于RG,分枝数少于RG,能抽生少量匍匐茎;叶片细胞组织厚度介于2个亲本之间,说明叶片组织结构与染色体倍性成正比;花朵大小和雄蕊数介于2个亲本之间,在花期各阶段均能检测到花粉活力,花药活力强度低于红玉,但花药活力趋势与红玉相仿,在大蕾期至开花第1天最强。种间杂交后代RH28在花粉活力、匍匐茎抽生特性、株型、果实品质等方面都显示出向优趋势,这为优良野生草莓资源和种间杂交育种手段的利用提供了参考。

A Study on Pollen Viability of Piper colubrinum Link

Pollen viability study on Piper colubrinum Link. carried out to develop interspecific hybridization between P. nigrum L. and P. colubrinum Link.. This plant has good potential as a donor plant in breeding programme for Phytophthora to foot rot resistance in the cultivated species, P. nigrum. This project was carried out to reveal the optimum time to collect pollen of P. colubrinum for artificial pollination. Through this study, anther dehiscence was proved occurred around 9 am. Based on the result obtained from study on the time of anther dehiscence, the pollen was classified into five stages for testing on the viability, i.e., stage 1, before anther dehiscence, i.e., around 7 am （pollen obtained by crushing on the anther）; stage 2： immediately after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 9 am; stage 3： two hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 11 am; stage 4： four hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 1 pm; and stage 5： six hours after anther dehiscence, i.e., around 3 pm. Data obtained from pollen germination and pollen tube growth study showed that pollen of P. colubrinum was the most viable at two hours after anther dehiscence and onward. It was also proved that the viability can be maintained up to at least eight hours. Pollen obtained before anther dehiscence by crushing on the anther was found less viable with lower percentage of pollen germination and retarded pollen tube growth. In other words, the experiment enlightened that artificial pollination between P. nigrum L. and P. colubrinum Link was ideally to be carded out approximately starting from 11 am until 5 pm, considering the viability of pollen ofP. colubrinum.