This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase dosage, enzymolysis time, pH and enzymolysis temperature on procyanidin extraction rate by single factor experiment, with tartary buckwheat shell as an ...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase dosage, enzymolysis time, pH and enzymolysis temperature on procyanidin extraction rate by single factor experiment, with tartary buckwheat shell as an experimental material.Main process parameters were optimized to obtain a regression model by response surface methodology. The results of variance analysis indicated that the regression model reflected the relationship between buckwheat shell procyanidin extraction rate with enzyme dosage, enzymolysis time, pH and enzymolysis temperature; and the optimal process parameters were enzyme dosage of 6.5 mg/g, enzymolysis time of 1.5 h, pH at 4.7 and enzymolysis temperature at 46 ℃. Three parallel experiments were conducted under these process parameters. In practice, the highest procyanidin extraction rate was 6.78 g/100 g. The relative error between the predicted value of regression model and the actual value was 1.3%. The regression equation fitted the real situation better.展开更多
[Objective] The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes, and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and ...[Objective] The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes, and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumula- tion. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yielc components, yield, contents of anthocyanin and starch, activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase （AG- Pase） in two genotypes of PFS （Ipomoea batatas L., var. ＇Ayamurasaki＇ and ＇Jishu18＇）. [Result] The application of COR significantly increased starch and antho- cyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase, and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots. Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR al- though its PAL activity temporally increased. The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya, and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across devel- opmental stages with or without COR application, but the starch content of Jishu18 increased initially, then decreased before increasing again without application of COR. Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18. Thus, the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes. [Conclusion] The application of 0.05 μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.展开更多
Proanthocyanidins （PAs） are a set of important phytochemical compounds in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. However, PAbiosynthesis in L. ruthenicum remains unclear. In this study, leucoanthocyanidin reductase （LAR） and ant...Proanthocyanidins （PAs） are a set of important phytochemical compounds in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. However, PAbiosynthesis in L. ruthenicum remains unclear. In this study, leucoanthocyanidin reductase （LAR） and anthocyanidin reductases（ANR） involved in PA biosynthesis were retrieved from L. ruthenicum EST database. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） resultsconfirmed that LrLAR and LrANR encoded a protein composed of 333 and 338 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysisshowed that LrLAR and LrANR were clustered with known LAR and ANR proteins of other plants, respectively. Quantitativereverse-transcription PCR （qRT-PCR） results indicated that both genes expressed in a sharp increase manner from unripe stage tocolor break stage and were down-regulated increasingly hereafter, and that both expression levels are extremely low in youngleaves, mature leaves, stems, and roots compared with fruits. Phytochemical assay revealed that the content of total PA in fruitwas higher than that in young leaves, mature leaves, stems, and roots, and that the total PA level was increased sharply andthen relatively stable hereafter during fruit ripening. Our results lay a foundation for uncovering the PA biosynthesis and furtherengineering manipulation in L. ruthenicum.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanxi Soft Science Research Program(2014041020-2)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cellulase dosage, enzymolysis time, pH and enzymolysis temperature on procyanidin extraction rate by single factor experiment, with tartary buckwheat shell as an experimental material.Main process parameters were optimized to obtain a regression model by response surface methodology. The results of variance analysis indicated that the regression model reflected the relationship between buckwheat shell procyanidin extraction rate with enzyme dosage, enzymolysis time, pH and enzymolysis temperature; and the optimal process parameters were enzyme dosage of 6.5 mg/g, enzymolysis time of 1.5 h, pH at 4.7 and enzymolysis temperature at 46 ℃. Three parallel experiments were conducted under these process parameters. In practice, the highest procyanidin extraction rate was 6.78 g/100 g. The relative error between the predicted value of regression model and the actual value was 1.3%. The regression equation fitted the real situation better.
基金Supported by National Sweetpotato Industry Technology System(nycytx-16-B-10)
文摘[Objective] The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes, and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumula- tion. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yielc components, yield, contents of anthocyanin and starch, activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase （AG- Pase） in two genotypes of PFS （Ipomoea batatas L., var. ＇Ayamurasaki＇ and ＇Jishu18＇）. [Result] The application of COR significantly increased starch and antho- cyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase, and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots. Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR al- though its PAL activity temporally increased. The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya, and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across devel- opmental stages with or without COR application, but the starch content of Jishu18 increased initially, then decreased before increasing again without application of COR. Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18. Thus, the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes. [Conclusion] The application of 0.05 μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31100223)Scientific Research Equipment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YZ201227)
文摘Proanthocyanidins （PAs） are a set of important phytochemical compounds in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. However, PAbiosynthesis in L. ruthenicum remains unclear. In this study, leucoanthocyanidin reductase （LAR） and anthocyanidin reductases（ANR） involved in PA biosynthesis were retrieved from L. ruthenicum EST database. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） resultsconfirmed that LrLAR and LrANR encoded a protein composed of 333 and 338 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysisshowed that LrLAR and LrANR were clustered with known LAR and ANR proteins of other plants, respectively. Quantitativereverse-transcription PCR （qRT-PCR） results indicated that both genes expressed in a sharp increase manner from unripe stage tocolor break stage and were down-regulated increasingly hereafter, and that both expression levels are extremely low in youngleaves, mature leaves, stems, and roots compared with fruits. Phytochemical assay revealed that the content of total PA in fruitwas higher than that in young leaves, mature leaves, stems, and roots, and that the total PA level was increased sharply andthen relatively stable hereafter during fruit ripening. Our results lay a foundation for uncovering the PA biosynthesis and furtherengineering manipulation in L. ruthenicum.
