芸香草精油化学成分的研究

<正> 芸香草(Cymbopogon distans(Nees)W.wats)系多年生禾本科香茅属植物,分布于我国甘肃、陕西和西南及印度等地~[1].芸香草含芳香油,可提制香精油,是香料及化妆品工业的重要原料,芸香草还可入药,有较大的开发价值.Melkani等~[2]曾指出。

芸香草和西昌香茅挥发油的化学成分

芸香草和西昌香茅挥发油的化学成分张荣，苏中武，李承祜（第二军医大学药学院，上海２００４３３）关键词芸香草，西昌香茅，挥发油ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔｓｏｆｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｏｉｌｓｆｒｏｍＣｙｍｂｏｐｏｇｏｎｄｉｓｔｏｎｓ（ＮｅｅｓｅｘＳ...

芸香草不同极性提取物的体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]芸香草不同极性提取物中多酚含量的测定并研究其体外抗氧化活性。[方法]用70%乙醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水等溶剂对云香草进行提取,分别测量其中的多酚含量,并以其中的多酚为基准,比较分析各提取物的抗氧化活性。[结果]云香草70%乙醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取物多酚含量分别为3.87、0.52、0.41、0.83和1.57 mg/g,即提取液极性增大时,多酚含量也相应增加;各提取物均有一定的抗氧化活性,所含多酚质量浓度相同时,70%乙醇和水提取物的抗氧化活性较大,并与抗坏血酸相近,而氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇的抗氧化活性较小。[结论]芸香草多酚以极性多酚为主,且其抗氧化活性随多酚极性的增加而加强的趋势。

芸香草的化学成分研究

目的研究禾本科香茅属植物芸香草的化学成分。方法利用反复硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化,通过波谱分析和理化方法鉴定化合物。结果分离得到5个化合物,鉴定了其中3个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、齐墩果酸(2)、尿囊素(3)。结论3个化合物都是首次从该植物中分离得到。

芸香草图书防虫法及实践初探

芸香草防虫法是古人在图书、文献收藏上使用的方法。笔者通过工作实践,证实芸香草防虫留香时间长,起到长达数十年驱虫效果,而且实用、经济、对书籍、人体无副作用,各图书馆、档案馆可以因地制宜地借鉴、沿用。

Cardioprotective Potential of Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oil against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy:Possible Involvement of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Subunits

Objective:Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf is a medicinal and edible herb that is widely used for the treatment of gastric,nervous and hypertensive disorders.In this study,we investigated the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of the essential oil,the main active ingredient of Cymbopogon citratus,on isoproterenol(ISO)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods:The compositions of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil(CCEO)were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 16.9µg/L CCEO for 1 h followed by 10µmol/L ISO for 24 h.Cardiac hypertrophy-related indicators and NLRP3 inflammasome expression were evaluated.Subsequently,transcriptome sequencing(RNA-seq)and target verification were used to further explore the underlying mechanism.Results:Our results showed that the CCEO mainly included citronellal(45.66%),geraniol(23.32%),and citronellol(10.37%).CCEO inhibited ISO-induced increases in cell surface area and protein content,as well as the upregulation of fetal gene expression.Moreover,CCEO inhibited ISO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome expression,as evidenced by decreased lactate dehydrogenase content and downregulated mRNA levels of NLRP3,ASC,CASP1,GSDMD,and IL-1β,as well as reduced protein levels of NLRP3,ASC,pro-caspase-1,caspase-1(p20),GSDMD-FL,GSDMD-N,and pro-IL-1β.The RNA-seq results showed that CCEO inhibited the increase in the mRNA levels of 26 oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits in ISO-treated cardiomyocytes.Our further experiments confirmed that CCEO suppressed ISO-induced upregulation of mt-Nd1,Sdhd,mt-Cytb,Uqcrq,and mt-Atp6 but had no obvious effects on mt-Col expression.Conclusion:CCEO inhibits ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and the regulation of several oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits.

Inventory and Management of Fungi Associated with Banana Plant through the Use of Allium ampeloprasum and Cymbopogon citratus Extracts

Despite the nutritional, economic and medicinal values of banana plant, independent of the region and production system is confronted with some diseases such as the fungi disease. These fungal diseases are responsible for the low yields. The objective of this study was to improve the sanitary state of banana plant. To achieve this objective, fungi associated with banana leaves were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium and their identification was done on the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics using reference documents. Antifungal activity of Allium ampeloprasum and Cymbopogon citratus extracts were evaluated in vitro on agar medium on the development of Pseudocercospora fijiensis, P. musicola and Pestalopsis sp. The results showed that banana plant harbours a diversity of fungal species, the most frequent being P. fijiensis (51.58%), Pestalopsis sp. (15.47%) and P. musicola (12.03%). Aqueous extracts of C. citratus at the concentration of 15 mg/ml, inhibited 100% of the radial growth of P. fijiensis and Pestalopsis sp with a fungitoxic activity. Similarly, ethanolic extract A. ampeloprasum inhibited at 100% the radial growth of Pestalopsis sp. This antifungal activity was fungistatic. These results suggest that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the tested plants could be used as alternatives to chemical products in the fight against banana diseases especially Sigatoka. Hence further studies need to be undertaken to isolate the active compounds from these extracts with fungicidal potential.

治疗支气管哮喘的民间良药——芸香草

芸香草又名臭草,系禾本科多年生草本植物,具有特殊气味。产于四川省绵阳、西昌、达县、涪陵等专区。尤以射洪、遂宁、桐南等县产量更多。民间有将芸香草治疗伤风感冒的习惯。一九五八年绵阳地区医药卫生战线广大革命职工,曾总结了芸香草治疗哮喘病的经验,但被资产阶级'权威'借口'无研究价值'而扼杀。

2种农作物对外来入侵植物空心莲子草茎节克隆繁殖与生长的影响

旨在评估农作物红薯与香茅草对入侵植物空心莲子草茎节克隆繁殖及生长的影响,以期为生态管理提供科学依据。实验采用红薯和香茅草的地上部分粉碎物,对空心莲子草茎节实施了3种不同处理:表层覆盖、混土栽培和水提液浇灌。通过测定茎节的存活率、生物量及酶活性等指标,评估不同处理对空心莲子草影响的效果。实验结果表明,在100 g/kg的处理浓度下,经过红薯混土栽培和香茅草水提液浇灌处理后,空心莲子草茎节的存活率分别降至55.56%和43.75%。相比之下,高浓度(100 g/kg)的水提液浇灌处理显著抑制了空心莲子草的茎长(红薯:3.37 cm,香茅草:2.25 cm)、根长(红薯:3.34 cm,香茅草:2.62 cm)、叶面积(红薯:0.46 cm^(2),香茅草:0.37 cm^(2))及生物量(红薯:0.19 g,香茅草:0.13 g)。此外,随着处理浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低,这些变化反映了植物应对氧化应激的生理反应。综上所述,本研究发现100 g/kg的高浓度红薯与香茅草处理能显著抑制空心莲子草的茎节克隆繁殖与幼苗生长,尤其是通过水提液浇灌的方式效果更为显著。这一发现对于开发新的植物生长调控策略具有重要的实践意义。

芸香草与同属混淆品的性状与显微鉴别研究

目的芸香草是地方习用药材,笔者对其同属植物的药材性状及显微特征等进行了系统研究,为该药材的区分和进一步的开发研究提供依据。方法在来源准确的样品基础上,应用体式显微镜、光学显微镜和扫描电镜等对芸香草及其同属混淆品——多脉香茅和香茅草进行性状和显微比较研究。结果芸香草及其同属植物在叶鞘、叶舌、叶耳、叶片的上表面、非腺毛和叶主脉横切、花的颖片上存在较大的区别。结论不同的芸香草叶、花在性状与显微鉴定中存在很大差异,为药用资源的开发和合理应用提供科学依据。

驱蚊香草组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以驱蚊香草不同部位为外植体，进行离体快繁试验，结果表明：外植体以叶片和顶芽容易诱导产生愈伤组织，最高诱导率达90％；诱导培养基以Ms＋6-BAl．0～2．0mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L效果较好，平均芽诱导分化率达85．6％-86．7％；增殖培养基以MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L效果最好，丛生芽增殖最多，繁殖系数达6．12倍；诱导生根培养基以1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg／L最佳，生根率达到100％；假植20d后，移栽成活率达100％。

驱蚊香草组织培养与快速繁殖

以驱蚊香草不同部位为外植体,进行离体快繁试验,结果表明:外植体以叶片和顶芽容易诱导产生愈伤组织,最高诱导率达90%;诱导培养基以MS+6-BA1.0-2.0mg.L-1+NAA0.2 mg.L-1效果较好,平均芽诱导分化率达85.6%-86.7%;增殖培养基以MS+6-BA 1.5 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1效果最好,丛生芽增殖量多,繁殖系数达6倍以上;用MS+6-BA 1.5 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1培养基进行壮苗培养,诱导生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA0.1-0.3 mg.L-1,生根率达到100%;假植20d后,移栽成活率达100%,本结果为驱蚊香草离体无性繁殖系的建立提供参考.

Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica against house dust mites

Objective:To examine the acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratits leaf extract(lemongrass)and ethanolic Azadirachta indica leaf extract(neem)against house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae(D.farinae)and Dermalophagoides pteronyssinus(D.pteronyssinus).Methods:Twenty-five adults mites were placed onto treated filter paper that is soaked with plant extract and been tested at different concentrations(50.00%,25.00%,12.50%,6.25%and 3.13%)and exposure times(24hrs,48hrs,72hrs and 96 hrs).All treatments were replicated 7 times,and the experiment repeated once.The topical and contact activities of the two herbs were investigated.Results:Mortalities from lemongrass extract were higher than neem for both topical and contact activities.At 50%concentration,both 24 hrs topical and contact exposures to lemongrass resulted in more than 91%mortalities for both species of inites.At the same concentration and exposure time,neem resulted in topical mortalities of 40.3%and 15.7%against D.pteronyssinus and D.farinae respectively;contact mortalities were 8.0%and 8.9%against the 2 mites,respectively.There was no difference in topical mortalities of D.pteronyssinus from exposure to concentrations oflemongrass and neem up to 12.50%;lemongrass was more effective than neem at the higher concentrations.Conclusions:Generally,topical mortalities of D.farinae due to lemongrass are higher than that due to neem.Contact mortalities of lemongrass are always higher that neem against both species of mites.

Effect of border planting of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. on the growth and biomass production performance of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor Grass at Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

The use of Eucalyptus trees, in association with other plants, has the potential to reduce the growth of neighbouring plants or grasses by competing for resources or releasing allelochemicals that may cause other plants to grow slowly. Our purpose here is to assess whether border planting of Eucalyptus is harmful to the establishment,growth, and production of Cymbopogon winterianus at various distances from tree lines in the Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in Southern Ethiopia. Several factors were studied: growth performances and yield of aromatic grasses; soil properties, including total nitrogen,organic carbon, and moisture content; and plant leaf nutrient content(NPK) at various distances away from the Eucalyptus citriodora border line were studied. Chemical compositions of hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from selected C. winterianus grasses leaves were analysed by gas chromatography. Plant height, biomass yield, amount of essential oil yield, and essential oil composition all were significantly affected due to Eucalyptus effect in the first10-m distance as compared to beyond 10 m from the tree border line. There were increases in soil total nitrogen,organic carbon, and moisture content with decreasing distances to the Eucalyptus tree border. The result of plant leaf nutrient content(NPK) differed across treatment and distance. The pot experiment(15 cm 9 20 cm), shoot length,and number of leaves of aromatic plants varied in the degree of inhibition based on the concentration of the aqueous extract. Significantly higher inhibitions of the shoot length and number of leaf parameters were observed when using 25% fresh leaf extract compared to other extract levels.

Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Cymbopogon validus(Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy from Eastern Cape, South Africa

Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus(C. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods: A total of 300 g of fresh or dry(leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg-albumin induced paw edema. Results: The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GCMS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone(37.5%), linalool(3.2%-29.6%), northujane(4.4%-16.8%), verbenone(13.5%), naphthalene(1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene(0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol(5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol(6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant(P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.

Synergistic renoprotective effect of a compiled branched-chain amino acids and Cymbopogon schoenanthus extract against experimentally induced oxido-nitrosative renal insult

Objective: To better investigate the protective role of branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs)and Cymbopogon schoenanthus(CS) extract against the potassium dichromate(PDC)-induced oxido-nitrosative nephrotoxic insult in the experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups: The 1 st group served as control; the 2^(nd)was injected with a single dose of PDC(15 mg/kg b.w i.p.);the 3^(rd), 4^(th), and 5^(th) groups were respectively treated with BCAAs, CS, and their combination for 15 d prior to induction of renal insult via PDC single dose(15 mg/kg b.w s.c.). The experimental period was terminated in all groups 2 d after induction of renal insult. The harvested kdney samples were divided for biochemical assays and histological examination. Results: The PDC-induced nephrotoxic effect caused a depletion of renal oxidative scavengers glutathione, superoxide dismutase with consequent lipo-oxidative cellular membrane deterioration manifested by a rise in malonaldehyde, oxidized glutathione, myeloperoxidase and the concomitant increase in inflammatory response elements tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, and interleukin 1 β.Moreover, the comet assay and increased 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine proved an accelerated apoptotic DNA fragmentation. These local renal changes were met with global altered blood biochemistry. The BCAAs and CS or their compiled administration showed an ameliorative effect against PDC-induced nephrotoxic in a synergistic pattern. Conclusions: Both BCAAs and CS or their combined administration afford potential competitors against renal insult induced by polyvalent anion pollutants in experimentally studied animals model. As a route for novel drug discovery, further investigation should be attempted to optimize their augmenting reno-protecting potential.

高温处理对3种香草植物生理生化特性的影响

以3种香草植物柠檬香茅(Cymbopogon citratus)、香蜂草(Melissa officinalis)和匍匐迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis′Severn Sea′)的1年生扦插苗为材料,在智能人工气候箱中模拟35℃高温条件对材料进行高温处理,对叶片的叶绿素、相对电导率、SOD、MDA、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量进行测定分析。研究结果显示:柠檬香茅的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量和类胡萝卜素含量均呈下降趋势,香蜂草则呈上升趋势,而匍匐迷迭香呈先增后减趋势;柠檬香茅和香蜂草的相对电导率、MDA含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均显著增加,SOD活性显著降低;匍匐迷迭香的相对电导率、MDA含量和SOD活性上下变化幅度较小。结果表明柠檬香茅比香蜂草和匍匐迷迭香对高温更为敏感。

Potential antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon citratus on OxLDL and H_(2)O_(2) LDL induced Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC)

Cymbopogon citratus(lemon grass)is commonly used in traditional folk medicine.The essential oil extracted from C.citratus has been reported as a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.This study has been designed to explore the protective effect of C.citratus(lemon grass)against modified LDL(OxLDL and H2O2 LDL)induced cytotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC).The essential oil extracted from C.citratus(EOC)was subjected to FT-IR spectroscopic analysis for the identification of functional groups.In vitro antioxidant assays were carried out to assess the electron donating capability of EOC as compared with a known standard L-ascorbic acid.The cytoprotective effects of EOC were determined in PBMC induced with modified LDL.Spectra obtained from FT-IR analysis showed the presence of functional groups in EOC such as H-bonded,O-H stretching,N-H stretching,aldehyde-C-H stretching,aldehyde/ketone-C=O stretching,-C=C-stretching,-CH_(3) bending,-C-H in plane bending.EOC has greater antioxidant property when compared with the standard L-ascorbic acid.EOC at all test concentrations demonstrated free radical scavenging activity and cytoprotective effect when challenged against modified LDL in PBMC.The above results show EOC as a promising antioxidant and cytoprotective agent.