野罂粟丸化种芽萌发特性研究

利用光照培养箱,参考种子萌发试验法,利用现代技术来研究野罂粟种子在不同温度和光照条件种下丸野萌芽罂化发的粟种力发丸芽的芽化的指变种萌数化芽发显,基,为当著本野温高不罂度于萌粟为光发引1照。5种～环发2驯0境芽℃化下指时栽的数,培野发的提罂芽变供粟指化新丸数趋的化。势技发种与术芽芽发指势萌芽标的发率。变均相当化不似温趋受,度3势光～为5差照℃3异～的时不5影,℃无显响时光著,,低照无,随于条光着件5照℃温下有,度光野利的照罂于升条粟野高件丸罂,粟都下化呈现出"S"型曲线。温度是影响野罂粟丸化种芽萌发的环境因素中的重要限制因子,光照对其萌发力的影响随着温度的变化而不同。

种芽春化对不结球白菜现蕾和开花时间的影响

[目的]研究种芽春化对不结球白菜现蕾时间、开花时间的影响。[方法]以16个不结球白菜品种为试验材料,将萌芽种子经低温处理不同时间,播种后,调查各品种现蕾天数。[结果]种芽春化处理的14个不结球白菜品种的平均现蕾时间、开花时间均提前。其中舞春与秀青经种芽处理后并没有现蕾和抽薹开花,表明种芽春化处理并不是不结球白菜通过春化的唯一方式。不同天数的处理对不同品种现蕾与开花时间的影响无一致性,可能与品种本身的特性有关。[结论]为加快育种进程和种质资源的合理利用提供参考。

种芽春化和绿体春化对大白菜现蕾及开花时间的影响

以100个大白菜品种的高代自交系为试验材料,研究了种芽春化和绿体春化两种春化方式对大白菜现蕾时间、开花时间的影响。结果表明:种芽春化处理的100个大白菜品种的平均现蕾时间、开花时间比绿体春化处理分别提前了15.0d和11.5d。其中春泉大种芽春化不能使其现蕾和开花,而绿体春化则可以使其现蕾,这可能是因为参与两种春化方式调控的分子机制不同。不同冬性的大白菜品种在两种春化处理方式下,其现蕾时间、开花时间的变化趋势一致,说明两种春化方式对大白菜不同品种的影响具有通用性和一致性。

渗透引发对烟草丸化种芽活力的影响

烟草丸化种芽是通过种子强化发芽技术使之露白、发芽后包衣丸化的烟草种子。试验利用 PEG、锯末、珍珠盐等作为渗透调节剂对烟草种子进行处理 ,制成包芽丸化种子 ,其发芽率、幼根长度、简化活力指数、整齐度均较常规包衣丸化种子有明显提高 。

烟草丸化种芽与包衣丸化种子对比研究

对烟草丸化种芽和包衣丸化种子的对比试验表明 ,丸化种芽较包衣丸化种子出苗时间大幅度缩短 ,出苗率、烟苗素质和整齐程度明显提高 ,抗病能力增强 ,烟叶质量提高 ,产量和产值增加明显。

小西瓜工厂化嫁接育苗多效唑化控试验

在育苗气温15~30℃条件下,利用300mg/kg多效唑,采用种芽化控法,分别对接穗小西瓜和砧木水瓜进行化控,适度增加胚轴粗度,培养健壮接穗、砧木并进行嫁接育苗。结果表明,3人1小组嫁接速度由490株/h提高到700株/h,嫁接成活率由89%提高到98%,小西瓜嫁接苗生长健壮,叶色深绿、肥厚,叶柄短于叶长,根系粗壮、根毛发达,90%以上育苗基质被根毛包裹,综合抗病、抗逆性较强。但嫁接后真叶出现相对较晚,达到3叶1心苗龄需30~35d。

CHANGES OF ENDOGENOUS HORMONE CONTENTS DURING FLORAL BUD AND VEGETATIVE BUD DIF FERENTIATION IN THIN CELL LAYER CULTURE OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. EXPLANT

The sectioned thin cell layers (TCL) of flower stalk of Cichorium intybus L. were cultured in MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA or IAA and BA where floral and vegetative buds were developed from the explant. Endogenous IAA, DHZ+DHZR, iPA increased significantly during the floral bud formation, while Z+ZR remained changed. The levels of cytokinins, DHZ+DHZR, iPA, and Z+ZR all increased significantly during the vegetative bud formation, however IAA level was reduced during the first 7 days of culture and increased to two thirds of initial values on the day when the bud primordia were formed. The results suggested that the initiation of floral buds was associated with a high IAA/CTK ratio, whereas the induction of vegetative bud differentiation was related to a low IAA/CTK ratio.

Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Effect of Phytohormones on Adventitious Bud Differentiation from Bulb Scales of Oriental Lily Test-tube Plantlets

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of differ- ent phytohormones on the adventitious bud differentiation of oriental lily. [Method] The bulb scales of the test-tube plantlets of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were cul- tured in media supplemented with different cytokinin and auxin at different concen- tration, and then the adventitious buds in each treatment were calculated. [Result] Cytokinins had different influence on the adventitious bud differentiation of the three oriental lily cultivars. Among them, 6-BA had the best effect to induce the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales of Tiber and Rodina, but there was some difference in the optimal concentration. KT had the best effect to induce the adven- titious bud differentiation of Constanta. The auxins had little influence on the quality of the adventitious bud of the three oriental lily cultivars, but caused some difference in differentiation coefficients. [Conclusion] The most suitable media for the adventi- tious bud differentiation from bulb scales in vitro of Tiber, Rodina and Constanta were MS＋0.2 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, MS＋I.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA, MS＋ 1.0 mg/L KT＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively.

饲料增值加工法

(1)碎化。稻草、薯藤、青草、干草等,切碎后方能饲喂家畜。喂牛的稻草切成2-3厘米,才能达到“寸草切三刀,无料也上膘”的效果。(2)粉化。干草、粮谷等作饲料,必须磨细粉化再喂,以助消化。猪牛的饲料可粉碎成中等或粗粉(1-2毫米),鸡饲料应磨成粗粉。(3)浆化。红薯、豆类及饼粕等。

Screening and identification of an antagonistic bacterium strain LHB02 and the optimization of its fermentation conditions

A strain LHB02 with strong antibacterial activity against some aquatic pathogens was screened from the coastal marine sediment in Fujian province, China. LHB02 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, based on its 16S rRNA sequence, together with the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The antagonistic activity of strain LHB02 and its optimal fermentation conditions were also investigated. The results showed that LHB02 had strong antagonistic activity against 3 species of vibrios： Vibrio harveyi,Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio anguillarum, and the optimum fermentation conditions for the strain LHB02 were as follows： KB culture medium （peptone 20 g, glycerol 10 mL, K2HPO4 1.5 g, MgSO 4 .7H2O 1.5 g, H2O 1 000 mL）; temperature, 28 ℃; pH ,7.0; culture time, 36 h; and inoculation amount, 1.5% （v/v）.

米饭煮前充分浸泡 既营养又美味

美国科学家在研究中发现，糙米在煮前用温水浸泡，可以促进其“芽化”，刺激大米中多种酶的产生，这些活性物质对人体健康和营养的吸收非常有益。

Study on the Flower Bud Differentiation Process of Gentiana triflora Pall.

[Objective] This study was to obseve the flower bud differentiation process of Gentiana triflora Pall., and to clarify the flower bud development law and the correlation between flower buds differentiation and external morphology. [Method] The paraffin section method was used to observe the flower bud of Gentiana triflora un- der microscope. [Result] The flower bud differentiation process of Gentiana triflora could be divided into six stages： the undifferentiated stage, initial differentiation stage, sepal primordia differentiation stage, petal primordia differentiation stage, stamen pri- mordia differentiation stage and the pistil primordia differentiation stage. The flower bud differentiation started from early May, when the plant had 10-11 stem nodes, and completed in early June, lasted about 40 d. The effect of plant height on flower bud differentiation was not significant. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the high-yield cultivation, variety selection and flowering regulation of Gentiana triflora.

Effects of Magnetized Water on Seed Germination of Welsh Onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

With Welsh Onion seeds employed as materials, effects of magnetized water on seed Germination were studied. The results showed the treatment of magnetized water soaking for 4 h promoted water absorption rate and amylase ac- tivities of seeds significantly, which accelerated the transformation process of en- dosperm starch to soluble sugar, resulting in emergence of 36 hours in advance under low temperature condition. Germination rate and germination potential of magnetized water soaking were higher than the contrast by 6.7% and 10.0%, which helped cultivate vigorous seedling.

饮料巧加工 养殖效益增

畜禽饲料在饲喂前,进行简单加工,可提高其饲养价值。(1)碎化:稻草、薯藤、青草、干草等都应切碎后饲喂;喂猪的青菜切成10～20mm,才能达到“寸草铡三刀,无料也添膘”的效果。(2)粉化:干草、粮谷等饲料,必须磨粉后再喂,以助消化。粉化的程度应根据饲料及畜禽种类而定。猪、牛饲料可粉碎成1～2mm,鸡饲料应磨成细粉。(3)浆化:块茎及豆类饲料应浸泡后打浆饲喂,这有益于消化和提高饲料利用率,又可降低氢氨酸等毒素。

煮糙米饭前最好用温水浸一浸

因为糙米的营养价值比精米高，很多人都喜欢做糙米饭。但在做之前，糙米最好用温水浸泡一下，这样可以促进其“芽化”，刺激米中多种酶的产生。研究表明，多吃“芽化”糙米饭，可提高认知能力，对糖尿病有预防作用。

12月份荔枝龙眼管理要点

一、12月（小雪、大雪）荔枝龙眼的物候期：早熟荔枝抽穗期；中迟熟荔枝和龙眼花芽化期。 因此，要使荔枝和龙眼来年获得丰产优质，必须加强现阶段的管理工作。

农户自产养猪饲料提高利用率的方法

目前农村农户养猪,以自产的红苕藤、蔬菜叶、茎杆和玉米杂粮等作为猪的主饲料,适当的购置一些颗粒浓缩饲料及添加剂,如何提高自产饲料的利用效率和延长使用时间,可采用下列方法。1 青贮发酵 蔬菜叶。