多子芋叶柄及芽色的多样性及芋形观察

介绍了多子芋种质资源叶柄及芽色的多样性 ,总结了多子芋的叶柄颜色及芽色的对应关系及芋形的一般规律。叶柄为绿色或紫色时 ,芽为白色 ;叶柄为乌绿色时 ,芽为淡红色。叶柄紫色类的子孙芋芋形最好 ,卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少 ;叶柄绿色类和叶柄乌绿色类的子孙芋芋形较叶柄紫色类差 ,其中 ,叶柄绿色类的子芋芋形一般为头大尾小的卵圆形 ,表皮棕毛较多 ;叶柄乌绿色类的子芋一般为长卵圆形至卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛较多。 3种类型的孙芋一般为卵圆形 ,且表皮棕毛少。芋形指数基本上反映了芋的实际形状。

三组分色谱分离技术制备高纯度结晶麦芽糖醇工艺研究

传统两组分色谱分离技术在麦芽糖醇高纯度结晶制备过程中通常容易因杂醇的积累而导致产品的纯度、质量受到影响,为实现高效制备高纯度结晶麦芽糖醇的目标,相关生产单位有必要对传统工艺技术进行改进,进一步提升产品质量和加工效率。该文提出了一种三组分色谱分离技术,该技术能够按照快、慢以及中间组分对麦芽糖醇进行分离,能够高效地对麦芽糖醇进行提纯,通过试验对比的方式对三组分色谱分离技术的应用效果进行验证,结果表明,该工艺生产的产品比传统两组分色谱分离相关工艺制备的产品更具优势,能够满足企业对生产效益的需求。

我国叶色特异茶树品种选育推广与产业化发展探析

简要介绍了我国叶色特异茶树品种选育推广现状,通过对白叶1号(安吉白茶)等特异茶树品种产业化推广应用与品牌化经营实证分析,提出了从一个特色茶树品种的选育推广到形成一个特色主导产业需要满足的基本条件和实施产业化发展需要注意的若干问题。

小麦蓝、紫粒种质色素基因来源分析及其植株特性表现

搜集了来源于多个国家的38份蓝、紫粒遗传资源,通过微机查询CRIPI小麦资源数据库等途径,追溯了这些种质的籽粒色素基因来源,并将其来源归为6类。研究了不同来源的不同色素种质的植株性状与籽粒色素的关系。

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Presenting as a Solitary Tracheal Mass in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review

Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported in literature. Herein we presented an additional new case and discussed the optimal management of this uncommon disease.

Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Staphylococcus aureus

[Objective] To produce drug resistance, seek non-toxic environmental so as to change the current biological drugs that did not excessive use of antibiotics. [Methods] A strain of Bacillus was purified and isolated from fresh and healthy in- testines of grass carps. Biochemical identification was carried out by conventional bacterial biochemical test method. Two pairs of primers were designed, 16S rRNA detection and sequencing analysis were carried out. Drug sensitive test was carried out by agar diffusion method. In vitro inhibition test on Staphylococcus aureus was carried out by Oxford cup method. [Results] The isolated bacterium had basically the same biochemical characters as Bacillus subtilis; and the homology reached 100%. Thus, the isolated bacterium was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. It was insensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and so on, but sensitive to amikacin, cefalexin, ciprofloxacin and cefradine. The inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis on Staphylococ- cus aureus were significant. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 2.8×10^8×2^-5/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） was 2.8×10^8×2^-2/ml. [Conclusions] The isolated Bacillus subtilis could be used to prevent and control diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and reduce the abuse of antibiotics.

对几种皮下真菌病的新认识

真菌感染好发于具有免疫功能抑制者 ,正逐渐成为一个公共卫生问题。近来还出现了一些鲜为人知的真菌感染。通过对着色芽生菌病、孢子丝菌病、暗色丝孢霉病、皮下接合菌病、链状芽生菌病和马内菲青霉病等临床上较少见的 6种皮下真菌病的文献复习 ,就其病原体、临床表现、诊断及治疗等方面的进展进行了综述。

Modes of Action of Phytochromes in Establishing Different Phototropic Responsiveness of Maize Coleoptiles

Previous studies have examined the effects of red light (R) on phototropism of maize ( Zea mays L. cv. Royaldent Hit 85) coleoptiles. The R effect on time-dependent phototropism (TDP) was further studied by characterizing its fluence-response relationship. The results showed the R effect was a low-fluence-response, unlike those on pulse-induced phototropisms that show a very-low-fluence-response mode. A subsequent pulse of far-red light (FR) could reverse the R effect. TDP responsiveness, however, recovered as the following FR was extended, The FR-dependent increase in TDP responsiveness was obtained even coleoptiles were pretreated only with FR. It suggested that TDP responsiveness could also be established in response to a FR signal. The fluence-response relationship for the effect of FR was then investigated. The effect of FR depended on the time of irradiation and required high photon fluences. Because reciprocity was invalid at the higher fluence range, the effect of FR would be a high-irradiance-response mode. Relation between phytochrome action modes and possible multiple pathways for phototropic signal transduction was analyzed based on the experiment results.

Production of Aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus in Liquid Medium

Aflatoxins are produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and can be found in many grains such as peanuts, soybeans and com. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the production of aflatoxin in liquid media using strains of Aspergillus flavus obtained from peanuts marketed in the city of Fortaleza, CEo Strains of Aspergillus flavus were inoculated into a liquid medium malt extract and after 2 days inoculated into a second medium containing sucrose 5%, MgSO4·7H20 0.1%, KH2PO4 1%, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.0176 g, and cultured for 3 more days. The media were kept at room temperature ranging from 24°C to 32 °C with agitation of 130 rpm and aeration of 4.17 Llmin. Qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography and quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, demonstrating the production of aflatoxin B I （588 mg/L） and B2 （929 mg/L）.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET

Recently, several reports have demonstrated that fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography （FDG-PET） is useful in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions in the gallbladder. However, there is a limitation in the ability of FDG-PET to differentiate between inflammatory and malignant lesions. We herein present a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma by ultrasonography and computed tomography. FDG-PET also showed increased activity. In this case, FDG-PET findings resulted in a false-positive for the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma.

Effect of microbial inoculants on Albizia saman germination and seedling growth

Microbial Inoculants as Effective Microorganisms （EM） were applied to find out their effects on germination and seedling growth of Albizia saman in the nursery. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soils and cow dung （3：1） kept in polybags. The EM solution at different concentrations （0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%） was incorporated before and after a week of sowing seeds. Germination and physical growth parameters, including shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment over the control were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the estimation of chemical parameters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. Both germination and the measured physical growth parameters were found significantly （P〈0.05） higher in seedlings treated with different concentrations of EM solution in comparison to the control. Maximum growth was found at 2% followed by 1% EM solution. Nodulation was higher at 0.1% concentration but it normally decreased with the increase of concentrations. Although there were a higher amount of pigments in leaves of the treated seedlings than of the control, the variations recorded with respect to chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were not significantly higher in most of the treatments. Treated seedlings showed variable results along with the increment of EM applications and most of the parameters showed best results at the medium range of concentrations. The study indicates that the Microbial Inoculant （EM） technology might be useful to improve the growth of seedlings in the nursery. This also indicates that the associated beneficial organisms along with the polybag soils might be of value in improving the degraded soil or poor field soil for better nutrient and water uptake during the initial growth of transplanted seedlings.

Stability and changes in astaxanthin ester composition from Haematococcus pluvialis during storage

In this paper,we investigated the effects of temperature,oxygen,antioxidants,and corn germ oil on the stability of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis under different storage conditions,and changes in the composition of astaxanthin esters during storage using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry.Oxygen and high temperatures(22–25°C) significantly reduced the stability of astaxanthin esters.Corn germ oil and antioxidants(ascorbic acid and vitamin E)failed to protect astaxanthin from oxidation,and actually significantly increased the instability of astaxanthin.A change in the relative composition of astaxanthin esters was observed after 96 weeks of long-term storage.During storage,the relative amounts of free astaxanthin and astaxanthin monoesters declined,while the relative amount of astaxanthin diesters increased.Thus,the ratio of astaxanthin diester to monoester increased,and this ratio could be used to indicate if astaxanthin esters have been properly preserved.If the ratio is greater than 0.2,it suggests that the decrease in astaxanthin content could be higher than 20%.Our results show that storing algal powder from H.pluvialis or other natural astaxanthin products under vacuum and in the dark below 4°C is the most economical and applicable storage method for the large-scale production of astaxanthin from H.pluvialis.This storage method can produce an astaxanthin preservation rate of at least 80%after 96 weeks of storage.

Embryology of Maldives Clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes (Amphiprioninae)

This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28 - 30℃) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5 - 10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61 ± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and 22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170 - 180 h incubation. This study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions.

Studies on the Correlation between Germination and cAMP Content of Different Color Chlamydospores in Ustiloginoidea virens

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of a serious disease of rice. To reveal the relationship between germination and the 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) content from the dormant(black or green-black) and non-dormant(yellow)chlamydospore in Ustiloginoidea virens,this study adopts ultrasonic-bath method and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method, for extraction c AMP content of the different color chlamydospore. The results demonstrated that, as for the freshly chlamydospores collected from the false smut balls during their germination, c AMP content of yellow chlamydospore appeared a slight growth during 0-12 h, and showed a rapid declining as the germination time extended(12-48 h). Above all, in yellow chlamydospores, the germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a very notably negative correlation(|r|=0.861 9>r0.01=0.834), but the correlation between germination rate and content of c AMP was not obvious in black chlamydospores. The germination rate and the content of c AMP presented a notably positive correlation under different storage period(0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 months) of the two color chlamydospores(the yellow of chlamydospore: |r | = 0.785 1 > r0.05= 0.707; the black of chlamydospore: |r| = 0.957 9 > r0.05= 0.707).

Trauma-related xanthogranulomatous interstitial nephritis: a clinicopathological analysis

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis, exact nature, histologic feature of xanthogranulomatous interstitial nephritis (XGIN) as well as its significance in clinical medicine. Methods: The medical histories concerned were collected with diagnostic images including CT scanning, ultrasonography, intravenous urography (IVU) and laboratory data being synthesized by comparison with what was discovered during operations and pathologic examinations. Results: All patients were ever struck on their loins or backs by blunt violence over 4-12 years. The diseases were clinically diagnosed as “renal cancer” before, during and after operations, and treated with radical nephrectomy. Located at cortical parts, the tumor focus had penetrated the renal capsules and invaded other organs. However, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the lesions were xanthogranulomas, not tumors, in which there were stacks of foam cells and lymphocytes with vast extends of fibrotic tissues obliterating the cortical interstitial structures. Urinary tracts yielded no bacterium, obstruction or calculus. Conclusions: XGIN is likely to be one kind of immunologic mediated granuloma following blunt renal trauma. It is imperative to clarify pathogenesis and character of this lesion so as to find out any approach to diagnosis and cure of such an unusual nephropathy.