试论《西清诗话》与《庚溪诗话》对苏轼评诗的不同倾向性——以苏评曾肇《扈跸诗》为例

宋蔡絛所著《西清诗话》与陈严肖所著《庚溪诗话》中均有苏东坡评曾肇《扈跸诗》的记载,但二者对于苏轼的评价却有着截然不同的解读——前者认为苏轼此论重在批评曾肇诗用韵险僻,故谓其"唱首多辣气";后者却举《离骚》之例,认为曾肇此诗虽押险韵,却"可谓工矣";同时认为东坡为人"慷慨嫉恶",断然不肯"效闾阎以鄙语相詈",并认为蔡论是对苏轼的污蔑,是"误后人心术"之论。本文从分析上述二者大相径庭的论点入手,在结合相关材料对其中所表现的作者倾向性进行分析和论述,并进一步分析二者产生分歧的原因。

《苏评孟子》版本考述

《苏评孟子》旧署宋苏洵批点,是现存最早的以评点方式剖析《孟子》行文脉络、结构技巧、遣词用句的专著。问世至今,版本繁多复杂,大致可分为四类:一是《苏评孟子》原本,书中批点全部署名苏洵,其中以嘉靖元年朱得之刻印本年代最早,且保留引发争议的洪迈之语,文献价值最高;二是重镌《苏评孟子》系列,祖于康熙三十三年载咏楼重镌本;三是赵大浣《增补苏批孟子》诸本,收诸儒之说与自己读《孟》心得附于其间,内容广泛,见解深入,传播最广;四是《增补苏批孟子》的校补、标点本。本文在查询书目著录、图书馆藏、目验的基础上,揭示现存主要版本的文献特征,考辨四库馆臣著录之疏误,梳理《苏评孟子》的版本流传,以期能为此书的价值发掘与作者考订提供助力。

The State of Geological Sciences in the USSR by the Mid-Twentieth Century

The November 1948 open session of the Institute of Geological Sciences AS USSR was previously unknown,in contrast to the August 1948 session of VASKhNIL.The publication of the transcript of the session of geologists is based on the original verified transcript from the Geological Institute and the Archive RAS.It presented reports on the main scientific directions of geology:stratigraphy,the Quaternary geology,lithology,geotectonics,petrography and petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,and the geology of ore and coal deposits.This thick book details all the Q&A sessions,discussions of theories,methods,and practice among the leading Soviet geoscientists.The session and its resolution describe the situation and development of geology in the USSR in the mid-twentieth century as well as the collateral impact of the Lysenko affair on the earth sciences in the USSR.

《四书》评点的早期发生史及其学理界定

《四书》评点兴起于明代中期,但其发生史的早期脉络深蕴于宋元以来的经书阅读和圈点之中。彼时学者们的经书点画研读方式和经书出版范例对包括《四书》评点在内的经书评点的流行有直接激发作用。景星的《四书集说启蒙》在明代正统年间已有“批点”,具备一定的评本形态。至明代正德时期,“伪作”《苏评孟子》广泛传播,《四书》评点正式登上中国评点史和《四书》学史的舞台。考察《四书》评点的早期发生史,可以发现其一直存在于中国古典评点史的肌理之中,对“文”的追求也呼应了评点的本体性要求。

日本近世汉学与幕末变革思想——以吉田松阴的《东坡策批评》为中心

吉田松阴(1830-1859)《东坡策批评》包含着变革思想的三个基本要点:君主中心的政治观、人才中心的制度论和以攻代守的国防论。通过分析,可以看到,近世日本形成的汉学传统,在幕末时期的先觉者们探索如何维护国家独立的过程中,是非常重要的学问资源。传统汉学非但不仅仅是日本近代化所要克服的对象,其积极作用的发挥亦非仅限于作为接受西学的媒介,而是在日本近代化转型期不可或缺的内在的思想支撑。

Evaluation of Three-dimensional Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes.

Cultivar Selection and Test Site Evaluation of Cotton Regional Trials in Jiangsu Province Based on GGE Biplot

This study was to evaluate the high yielding and stability of candidate cultivars, depict the adaptive planting region, analyze trial location discrim-ination ability and representativeness, as wel as identify the ideal cultivar and trial location, with the aim to provide theory background for cultivar selection and rea-sonable scheme of test location in Jiangsu Province. [Method] The GGE biplot method was used to analyze the lint cotton yield of 12 experimental genotypes in the 6 test locations （three replicates in each） of the cotton regional trial in Jiangsu Province in 2013. [Result] The effects of genotype （G）, environment （E）, and geno-type by environment interaction （G＆#215;E） on lint cotton yield were al highly significant （P〈0.01）, which made it necessary to further explore the specific pattern of geno-type by environment interaction. Jinmian118 （G4） and SF3303 （G5） were the best ideal genotypes screened by the ＂ideal cultivar＂ and ＂ideal location＂ view of GGE biplot, and the ordination of test sites based on the ideal index were in the order of Dafeng （DF）, Yanliang （YL）, Liuhe （LH）, Dongtai （DT）, Yancheng （YC）, and Nantong （NT）, among which NT was relatively weak in representing of the whole target cot-ton planting region in Jiangsu Province. The ＂similarity among locations＂ view of GGE biplot clustered al trial locations into one group, showing that the test sites in the cotton planting region in Jiangsu Province were in the same mega-environment. The ＂which-won-where＂ view of GGE biplot indicated that cotton cultivar Jinmian118 （G4） was the most appropriate cultivar in the homogeneous cotton planting region in Jiangsu Province. [Conclusion] Among the candidate cultivars, Jinmian118 and SF3303 were identified as the most ideal cultivars in this set of conventional cotton regional trial in Jiangsu Province; the test site of Dafeng ranked the first out of al locations in terms of discrimination and representativeness, and al test locations were clustered into the same mega-environmet, which indicated the high efficiency of cultivar selection in the cotton regional trial in Jiangsu Province.

Preliminary assessment of ERA5 wind data in Jiangsu sea area

ERA5 data and station observation data are both of great importance in studying the regional meteorological and environmental characteristics.The accuracy of ERA5 reanalysis wind field data was evaluated using observations at five offshore platforms in Jiangsu sea area in this study.Results revealed that ERA5 wind speed was generally in reasonable agreement with that observed at each station,and that the accuracy of ERA5 wind speed data was significant better than that of wind direction.The consistency of wind direction between ERA5 and each observation station was better in autumn and winter than that in spring and summer.With increasing wind speed,the mean absolute error and root mean squared error between the ERA5 and observed wind speed(direction)data increased(decreased)obviously.During periods of typhoon,ERA5 wind data were largely consistent with observational data in terms of increasing wind speed and changing wind direction;however,the ERA5 wind speeds were slightly low.The findings of this study could provide a basis for the application and further research of ERA5 wind data in Jiangsu offshore sea area.

Evaluation of Subsoil Corrosivity Condition around Baracaia Area Using the Electrical Resistivity Method--A Case Study from the Muglad Basin, Southwestern Sudan

This paper evaluate subsoil corrosivity using the electrical resistivity method which was carried out to determine the subsoil resistivity and estimate the degree of corrosion, the resistivity measurements were conducted by using SAS300c resistivity meter. This involves applying a voltage into the soil through metal electrode and measuring the resistance to the flow of electric current. An AC-power supplies current flow （I） between two outer electrodes and the resultant voltage different （V） between two inner electrodes is measured using the Wenner Arrangement. The soil resistance given by R = V/I. This needs to be standardized over a unit length, the resistivity p which measured in ohm-m the equation is, ρ= 2ДdR. There are many factors control the ground resistivity such as soil composition, moisture content, pore water chemistry and pH. The results of the survey show inverse proportion between corrosivity and electrical resistivity, therefore resistivity method is very useful to incipient the corrosion as well as effective, quick, reliable and economic method. Structures such as natural gas, crude oil pipelines and steel constructions were reported to have been affected by soil corrosion all around the world, it can be concluded that sub soil corrosivity around the study area increases southwestern ward with depth.

Evaluation of CSR Performance of Sudanese Telecommunication Companies： A Case Study

Corporate social responsibility （CSR） has received a lot of attention in the last few decades, from the economic responsibility to generate profits, to the discretionary responsibility to meet extra activities that society finds desirable. Companies are under pressure from the stakeholders to engage in the line of social, environmental, and economical responsibilities. Until now, no research has been conducted on CSR performance using a dataset from the telecommunication industry in Sudan. Hence, this paper has investigated the strategic importance of CSR in a Sudan telecommunication company （Sudatel）. In doing so, the paper has sought to understand whether the concept of CSR programs is featured in the company＇s culture and strategic plans or whether the management of the company is highly committed to CSR programs. Telecommunication companies are expanding in economic size. Considered as the largest industry in the world in terms of employment and the fastest growing area in business, there are many social and economic benefits and opportunities that can be created through investment in the telecommunication infrastructure, which has the potential to enhance sustainable development, especially for developing countries. To investigate this problem, a qualitative case study methodology is used to collect and analyze the data. Results indicate that the CSR concept is part of the company＇s strategic plan and given high commitment from the top management.

Assessment of Damage, Infestation Level and Susceptibility of Mango Cultivars to the Fruit Flies Infestation in Shendi Area, Sudan

Fruit flies are serious pests of Mango in Sudan; they cause substantial damage to Mango production, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This study is an effort to establish information about the pest and, to test the susceptibility of some Mango cultivars （Baladi, Kitchener, Shendi, Alphons, Abu Samaka and Bit abusamaka） to the pest infestation. A survey was carded out at Shendi area, River Nile State, during the period of May 2007 to July 2008, using a home made trap resemble lvnfield traps with attractants （Methyl eugenol, Trimedlure, cue lure and Nu lure） to identify the fruit flies species found in the area and to study the seasonal abundance of the pest species and to determine the infestation percentage of different Mango cultivars. Results indicated that the fruit fly Bactrocera invadens is present all year-round in the study area, with population peak July to September. The study showed that Guava （ Psedium guajava ） represents the best alternative host for the pest. Abu samaka and Bit Abusa amaka mango cultivars were the most susceptible, with 100% infestation, followed by Shendi 70%, Kitchener 54%, Alphons and Baladi （30%, 28%, respectively） were the least susceptible. Also results revealed that females of both species Ceratitis cosyra and Bactrocera invadens out numbered males 4-5 times.

The evaluation of the growth pattern of coal-production in Jiangsu Province and suggestions for its sound development

Using Cobb-Douglas production function and Solow Residual, this study establishes a discriminant index to measure the intensive index of coal-production at the section-level, so as to analyze the transfer trend of the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production since 1990s. The research shows that the transition of coal production in Jiangsu Province has mainly experienced three phases, which are the quick transition phase from extensive growth to intensive growth （from 1990 to 1994）, the fluctuation phase （from 1995 to 1999）, and the transition back phase from intensive growth to extensive growth （from 2000 to 2003）. On the whole, the coal production in Jiangsu Province nowadays is still featured by extensive growth pattern and largely dependent upon capital inputs. Finally, from the aspect of the technology progress, improving the qualities of labor, changing product structures and improving enterprise management, this study puts forward suggestions on how to transfer the growth pattern of Jiangsu＇s coal-production into intensive type.

General Evaluation of Biocide （Bt-ASF-1） Produced from Iraqi Isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis

General evaluation of isolate Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt-ASF-1） used as biocide in meddle scale application was conducted. Some morphological and confirmation tests were achieved. The sensitivity tests had been accomplished by diffusion and dilution techniques to determine the response of isolate against the antibiotics. The results of diffusion tests showed to the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics of cefixime, erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline respectively. It was resistant to trimethoprim sulfonamide （TMP）, bacitracin, penicillin and all its generations, and moderate resistance to nalidixic acid. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration （MIC） for amoxicillin was ranged between 30-40 pg/mL and these results are an approximation of the universal findings. Curing experiments showed the effective role of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） （1.5%） comparing with temperature. The bacterial cells became sensitive to amoxicillin and TMP. The curing by temperature did not differ significantly from control treatment in plasmid pattern or antibiotics response. Plasmid profile referring that curing by SDS has been caused disturbance in beta -lactamase genes through the sensitivity to amoxicillin and remaining resistance to ampicillin. Curing isolate by SDS also became more sensitive to nalidixic acid, erythromycin and tetracycline respectively. It was found from the curing treatments the complexity distribution of r-genes between different plasmid size and chromosome but not effect on their insecticidal ability.

Evaluation of effective carrier system and function on hydrocarbon accumulation in Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin,China

Effective carrier system comprises carrier beds which transport hydrocarbons. The spatial and temporal effectiveness of carrier system is identified according to the relevance of hydrocarbon show, hydrocarbon inclusion and sealing ability of fault to hydrocarbons distribution, together with matching relation of activity history of fault and hydrocarbon generation history of source rock. On the basis of the above considerations, transporting ability of effective carrier system can be evaluated using parameters such as fluid potential, porosity and permeability, spatial coefficient of effective pathway as well as activity rate of fault. Additionally, a new concept of＂transporting threshold porosity＂ was proposed. Five styles of effective carrier systems were established in Gaoyou Sag, displaying either layered or zonal distribution characteristics, and transporting time ranges from the sedimentary time of Ezdz to early stage of sanduo uplift. Effective carrier systems can be described to be lowly-efficient and highly-efficient. Major faults （convex or steep fault plane） with activity rate greater than 20 m/Ma and structure ridges of sand layers with spatial coefficient of effective pathway greater than 25% are defined to be highly-efficient carrier beds. Hydrocarbons are concentrated around high-efficient carrier beds and E1 f traps of northern shanian area are predicted to have great potential.

《增补苏批孟子》评点相关问题论析

《增补苏批孟子》是《苏评孟子》的一种重要版本,此本乃为井上揆纂评本。日籍评者基于《苏评孟子》所增补后的版本,再加上自身对于孟文的理解感受进行点评纂辑,形成此本《增补苏批孟子》。《增补苏批孟子》在评点内容上以篇章文旨、结构分析、文意延伸为主,所频用之词句、手法等均彰显其独特之处,体现了评者对《苏评孟子》的接受情况。其中尤为重视结构分析、篇旨解读、情感态度分析。此纂评本为《苏评孟子》研究提供新的材料视点,补充完善《孟子》评点系统的研究,形成对《苏评孟子》的海外藏本更完整的认知。

汪师韩的《苏诗选评笺释》

清人评注苏诗成风，汪师韩的《苏诗选评笺释》是其重要成果之 一。本文首次考证出乾隆《御选唐宋诗醇》中的苏轼总评就是汪师韩的《苏诗 选评笺释叙》，苏诗篇评也几乎都是汪评苏诗。此书不仅论述了苏武在诗歌史 上的地位，而且阐明了苏诗的主旨、章法、诗风，并从多种角度对苏诗作了充 分肯定，如感情真挚、长于描摹、善用比喻和对偶等等。

Mechanisms of selective head cooling for resuscitating damaged neurons during post-ischemic reperfusion

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism of application of selective head cooling on neuronal morphological damage during postischemic reperfusion in a rabbit model.Methods 168 New Zealand rabbits were randomized into three groups. Group Ⅰ [n=24, (38±0.5)℃, non-ischemic control]; Group Ⅱ [n=72, (38±0.5)℃, normothermic reperfusion]; Group Ⅲ [n=72, (28±0.5)℃, selective head cooling, initiated at the beginning of reperfusion). Animals in three subgroups (n=24, each) of Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ had reperfused lasting for 30, 180 and 360 min respectively. Using computerized image analysis technique on morphological changes of nucleus, the degree of neuronal damage in 12 regions were differentiated into type A (normal), type B (mild damaged), type C (severely damaged) and type D (necrotic). Fourteen biochemical parameters in brain tissues were measured.[KH*2/5D]Results As compared with Group Ⅰ, the counts of type A neuron decreased progressively, and those of type B, C and D increased significantly in Group Ⅱ during reperfusion (P【0.01). In Group Ⅱ, vasoactive intestinal peptide, b-endorphine, prostacyclin, T 3 and Na +, K +-ATPase were correlated with the changes of type A; b-endorphine and thromboxane with type B; glucose and vasopressin with type C; Na +, K +-ATPase, glutamic acid, T 3 and vasoactive intestinal peptide with type D (P【0.05). As compared with Group Ⅱ, the counts of type A increased, and those of type C and D significantly decreased in Group Ⅲ (P【0.01). In Group Ⅲ, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ -ATPase were correlated with the changes of type A, C and D (P【0.01). Conclusion Selective head cooling for sex hours during postischemic reperfusion does improve neuronal morphological outcomes in terms of morphological changes.