History of the Establishment and Development of X-Ray Analysis Methods in Russia--The USSR. First 20 Years

2012 is a year of celebrate centenary of X-ray discovery information about Laue＇s （Fridrich and Knipping） experiment was This discovery spread quickly in different countries. The history of written in the paper. Also history mention of Laue＇s experiment in Russia was presented. The system group of X-ray diffraction was created in 1919/1920 in Petrograd （A. Ioffe, State Physical Technical Institute） and Moscow. Themes of research results, scientific newness and scientific rate were presented. The organization, political and other reasons which retarded the active progress of the method in 1930 were described. Initial stage of progress of the method in Russia-USSR was studied by historian of science partly. The reasons of it are： closed of scientific community, political system of country, Cyrillic barrier, etc.. This paper acquaints western scientific community with non-famous Russian materials on theme.

埃什派交响音乐创作及其融合性探究

埃什派是20-21世纪杰出的苏联-俄罗斯作曲家,创作有9部交响曲、19部乐队协奏曲及大量标题性乐队作品。其交响音乐创作经历了“成熟”“再探索”“再成熟”3个阶段。埃什派交响作品的创作思想中“现实主义”与现代主义的融合,体裁与结构中诗意与戏剧性的融合,音高组织中多元文化象征的融合,民族音乐语言与欧洲器乐性的融合构成了多维度的融合性特征。