The translation of titles is the important part in the translation of movies. This paper proposes three principles and summarizes six translation methods in the translation of movie titles.
This is a study of the feasibility and effects of teaching listening with films and TV programs. The research is a part of the English Learning Program directed by ZHANG Zhen, which is sponsored by Academic Affairs Of...This is a study of the feasibility and effects of teaching listening with films and TV programs. The research is a part of the English Learning Program directed by ZHANG Zhen, which is sponsored by Academic Affairs Office of Leshan Normal University. The researcher of the program sought for theretical bases from Krashen＇s Input Hypothesis, the Motivation Theory, the Context Theory, and the Communicative Language Teaching Theory. Then the author introduced a pilot study conducted by utilizing films or TV programs to teach listening from September 2010 till now. The statistic results from the experiment suggest that there is indeed some correlations between teaching listening with films or TV programs and a learner＇s listening comprehension in general in language achievement tests at certain stages. The scores of the students from the experimental group are improved after two years of teaching with the new methods. Analyses and discussions have been done based on a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that both the teachers and the students had positive attitudes towards teaching listening with films or TV programs. Most of them view this method as an effective way in ELT （English language teaching）, because it provides more opportunities for contextual practice, lower their anxiety; it can also help to motivate them, stimulate their active participation and increase their activities as well. Therefore, this method can be used to cultivate students＇ communicative competence. Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that this method has some advantages over teaching listening with the pre-taped materials in New College English. It may play an important role in ELT, especially in listening teaching. Based on the statistic analyses and the survey, some activities and techniques are provided for the teacher on how to teach listening with films or TV programs. The roles that an English teacher plays in this method are illustrated at the end of the thesis.展开更多
Film, one of the carriers of culture, has a coverall function. As a medium of cultural transmission, it is a way to comprehend foreign cultures and customs. Therefore, the translation of subtitles becoraes a vital imp...Film, one of the carriers of culture, has a coverall function. As a medium of cultural transmission, it is a way to comprehend foreign cultures and customs. Therefore, the translation of subtitles becoraes a vital importance. The paper is intended to analysis main strategies for English film subtitle translation based on main principles, according to the method of analyzing the diversities of various cultures and real examples from movies. ＂translators are required to know well about different cultures and pay more attention to accumulation of usual experiences.展开更多
As the exchange between Chinese and Western cultures gets increasingly frequent, the English films have already become an indispensable kind of cultural ＂product＂ in Chinese people＇s lives. In the pursuit of box of...As the exchange between Chinese and Western cultures gets increasingly frequent, the English films have already become an indispensable kind of cultural ＂product＂ in Chinese people＇s lives. In the pursuit of box office today, a good English film title translation can not only attract more attention, but also become an important standard to judge a film＇s value. However, the translation of English film title has not got enough attention at home or abroad, and good translations of English film titles are few and far between. Based on requirements of English film title translation, this paper discusses problems in English film title translation, into which this paper applies adaptation theory to solving existing problems.展开更多
This paper analyzes the effect of rhetorical devices, such as irony, sarcasm, parody, hyperbole, pun, antonomasia, etc., in dialogues of the American TV series The Big Bang Theory （2007） with an aim to help improve ...This paper analyzes the effect of rhetorical devices, such as irony, sarcasm, parody, hyperbole, pun, antonomasia, etc., in dialogues of the American TV series The Big Bang Theory （2007） with an aim to help improve English learners＇ awareness and appreciation of rhetorical means in English-based literary works. Instances are cited with the use of such rhetoric means in the dialogue transcriptions. It is discovered that integrated use of a variety of rhetorical devices is a significant means for vivid and impressive characterization in literature. Such an analysis is a rewarding journey on either an academic or entertainment basis, and a process of discovery and learning that may particularly be well-received with EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners展开更多
Early in the 20th century, Lin Yutang proposed learning English by watching movies, and made a lot of reasons to do so.Contemporary college students are in contact with the flood of information and cultural exchanges ...Early in the 20th century, Lin Yutang proposed learning English by watching movies, and made a lot of reasons to do so.Contemporary college students are in contact with the flood of information and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent.On campus, it also surges wave of watching English movies, movies not only entertainment, but also can train and inspire students＇ interest and enthusiasm for learning English.Videos spoken dialogue is authentic, students can exercise listening, imitating wonderful dialogue to enhance their listening level, reduce hearing misunderstood.There is no doubt that English is the world＇ s most widely used language, learning English is the mission of every student.Only understand English, we can communicate with the world in English.In this paper, combined with the development status in college English listening teaching, and then explore the role of fihn in college English listening teaching.展开更多
This research studies the motives that lead Arabic-speaking university students to watch television programs in English or dubbed in Arabic, and diagnoses the possible effects of these programs on these young people. ...This research studies the motives that lead Arabic-speaking university students to watch television programs in English or dubbed in Arabic, and diagnoses the possible effects of these programs on these young people. A field study was conducted on a sample of viewers of the MBC2 and MBC4 Channels in the UAE. A questionnaire was used as a tool to cover a sample of the community comprised of 200 young people who attend various public and private universities in the UAE, aged generally between 18 and 30 years old. The applied study proves that there is no relationship between gender and audience preference, and that there is an independence of respondents＇ academic specialization and choice of channel. The study＇s results show that learning English is among the most important motives for the respondents to watch these programs and that 90% of respondents believe that watching foreign programs has negative effects on university youth.展开更多
Nowadays, the e-mail exchange has been prevailing all over the world. Nevertheless, studies on power exercised and enacted in e-mail communication within a corporation can hardly be found at home. The present study, b...Nowadays, the e-mail exchange has been prevailing all over the world. Nevertheless, studies on power exercised and enacted in e-mail communication within a corporation can hardly be found at home. The present study, based on the theoretical framework of power＆ solidarity and politeness systems （Scollon,R and Scollon, S.W. 2000）, is made with an attempt to explore the power relations in e-mail exchange among staffof＂upper-lower＂ ranks within multinational corporations in China. The study shows that, in modern multinational corporations, power is an underlying force. To mask and mystify power, we need to resort to a range of linguistic strategies such as the use of relative modality, inclusive pronoun ＂we/our＂, the selection of informal words and the preferred FN （first names） forms of addressing.展开更多
The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process...The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process,which can integrate the merits of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, boosts splendid talent for CO2 reduction with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Recent several decades have witnessed the overwhelming development of PEC CO2 reduction. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the recent advanced design for PEC CO2 reduction. On account of basic principles and evaluation parameters, we firstly highlight the subtle construction for photocathodes to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction, which includes the strategies for improving light utilization, supplying catalytic active sites and steering reaction pathway.Furthermore, diversiform novel PEC setups are also outlined.These exploited setups endow a bright window to surmount the intrinsic disadvantages of photocathode, showing promising potentials for future applications. Finally, we underline the challenges and key factors for the further development of PEC CO2 reduction that would enable more efficient designs for setups and deepen systematic understanding for mechanisms.展开更多
Organic lithium-ion batteries（OLIBs） represent a new generation of power storage approach for their environmental benignity and high theoretical specific capacities.However, it has the disadvantage with regard to th...Organic lithium-ion batteries（OLIBs） represent a new generation of power storage approach for their environmental benignity and high theoretical specific capacities.However, it has the disadvantage with regard to the dissolution of active materials in organic electrolyte. In this study, we encapsulated high capacity material calix[4]quinone（C4Q） in the nanochannels of ordered mesoporous carbon（OMC）CMK-3 with various mass ratios ranging from 1：3 to 3：1, and then systematically investigated their morphology and electrochemical properties. The nanocomposites characterizations confirmed that C4Q is almost entirely capsulated in the nanosized pores of the CMK-3 while the mass ratio is less than2：1. As cathodes in lithium-ion batteries, the C4Q/CMK-3（1：2） nanocomposite exhibits optimal initial discharge capacity of 427 mA h g^（-1） with 58.7% cycling retention after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, the rate performance is also optimized with a capacity of 170.4 mA h g^（-1） at 1 C. This method paves a new way to apply organic cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The utilization of Na2S/Na2SO3 mixture as the electrolyte solution to stabilize sulfide anode in a photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen evolution generally compromises the current-to-hydrogen efficiency（ηcurrent）...The utilization of Na2S/Na2SO3 mixture as the electrolyte solution to stabilize sulfide anode in a photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen evolution generally compromises the current-to-hydrogen efficiency（ηcurrent） of the system. Here, the employment of a dual-electrolyte system,that is, Na2S/Na2SO3 mixture and p H-neutral Na2SO4 as the respective electrolyte solutions in the anode and cathode chambers of a water splitting cell is demonstrated to suppress the photocorrosion of CuInS2-In2O3-TiO2 nanotube（CISIn2O3-TNT） heterostructure, while simultaneously boosts theηcurrent. Although n-type CIS and In2O3 nanoparticles can be easily formed on TNT array via facile pulse-assisted electrodeposition method, conformal deposition of the nanoparticles homogeneously on the nanotubes wall with preservation of the TNT hollow structure is shown to be essential for achieving efficient charge generation and separation within the heterostructure. In comparison to Na2S/Na2SO3 solution as the sole electrolyte in both the anode and cathode chambers, introduction of dual electrolyte is shown to not only enhance the photostability of the CIS-In2O3-TNT anode, but also lead to near-unity ηcurrentas opposed to the merely 20% ηcurrentof the single-electrolyte system.展开更多
Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which shoul...Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which should possess small bandgap to ensure wide light harvest, facile charge separation to allow the generated photocharges migrating to the reactive sites and highly catalytic capability to fully utilize the separated photocharges. Proper electrode fabrication method is of equal importance for promoting charge transfer and accelerating surface reactions in the electrodes. Moreover,powerful characterization method can shed light on the complex PEC process and provide deep understanding of the rate-determining step for us to improve the PEC systems further. Targeting on high solar conversion efficiency, here we provide a review on the development of PEC water splitting in the aspect of materials exploring, fabrication method and characterization. It is expected to provide some fundamental insight of PEC and inspire the design of more effective PEC systems.展开更多
Nanocomposites of iron disulfide（FeS2） and molybdenum disulfide（MoS2） with nanosheets structure were successfully grown on the flexible titanium foils through a facile one-step hydrothermal process, and then worke...Nanocomposites of iron disulfide（FeS2） and molybdenum disulfide（MoS2） with nanosheets structure were successfully grown on the flexible titanium foils through a facile one-step hydrothermal process, and then worked as counter electrodes（CEs） in the dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs）. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer were employed to characterize the microstructure and composition of the FeS2/MoS2. Cyclic voltammogram reveals that the catalytic activity of FeS2/MoS2 CE is higher than that of FeS2, MoS2, and platinum（Pt） CEs towards triiodide/iodide（I3^–/I^–） redox electrolyte, owing to the superior carrier transfer properties of vertical array structure and abundant catalytic active sites of FeS2/MoS2 nanosheets.Moreover, the FeS2/MoS2 CE maintains its activity after 500 cycles, exhibiting excellent electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency（PCE） of FeS2/MoS2 CE reaches 8.67%, which is higher than that of the FeS2（7.20%）,MoS2（7.38%） and Pt（8.16%） CEs.展开更多
The basic physical properties of La_2CuBiS_5 are studied by the first-principle calculations and the semiclassical Boltzmann theory.Charge density difference calculations show that electrons accumulate between Bi-S at...The basic physical properties of La_2CuBiS_5 are studied by the first-principle calculations and the semiclassical Boltzmann theory.Charge density difference calculations show that electrons accumulate between Bi-S atoms,indicating considerable covalent bonding of Bi and S atoms.A similar charge density difference indicates that the Cu-S bonds also exhibit covalent character.The calculated minimum thermal conductivity of La_2CuBiS_5 is low,which is conducive to its use as a thermoelectric material.Owing to a bipolar effect,induced by thermal excitation,the material＇s Seebeck coefficient decreases sharply at T = 800 K.For the n-type and p-type doping conditions,the largest values of S^2σ/τ were calculated as-1.71×10^（11） and 1.837×10^（11） W K^（-2）ms^（-1）,respectively.The combination of a large dispersion and a high band degeneracy along the Γ-Y direction in the band structure simultaneously induces the highest S_y value and a high σ/τ_y value.Thus,the thermoelectric performance of La_2CuBiS_5 is anisotropic and most favorable along the y direction.展开更多
Electroencephalogram （EEG） based brain-computer interfaces allow users to communicate with the external environment by means of their EEG signals, without relying on the brain＇s usual output pathways such as muscle...Electroencephalogram （EEG） based brain-computer interfaces allow users to communicate with the external environment by means of their EEG signals, without relying on the brain＇s usual output pathways such as muscles. A popular application for EEGs is the EEG-based speller, which translates EEG signals into intentions to spell particular words, thus benefiting those suffering from severe disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the EEG-based English speller （EEGES） has been widely studied in recent years, few studies have focused on the EEG-based Chinese speller （EEGCS）. The EEGCS is more difficult to develop than the EEGES, because the English alphabet contains only 26 letters. By contrast, Chinese contains more than 11000 logographic characters. The goal of this paper is to survey the literature on EEGCS systems. First, the taxonomy of current EEGCS systems is discussed to get the gist of the paper. Then, a common framework unifying the current EEGCS and EEGES systems is proposed, in which the concept of EEG-based choice acts as a core component. In addition, a variety of current EEGCS systems are investigated and discussed to highlight the advances, current problems, and future directions for EEGCS.展开更多
文摘The translation of titles is the important part in the translation of movies. This paper proposes three principles and summarizes six translation methods in the translation of movie titles.
文摘This is a study of the feasibility and effects of teaching listening with films and TV programs. The research is a part of the English Learning Program directed by ZHANG Zhen, which is sponsored by Academic Affairs Office of Leshan Normal University. The researcher of the program sought for theretical bases from Krashen＇s Input Hypothesis, the Motivation Theory, the Context Theory, and the Communicative Language Teaching Theory. Then the author introduced a pilot study conducted by utilizing films or TV programs to teach listening from September 2010 till now. The statistic results from the experiment suggest that there is indeed some correlations between teaching listening with films or TV programs and a learner＇s listening comprehension in general in language achievement tests at certain stages. The scores of the students from the experimental group are improved after two years of teaching with the new methods. Analyses and discussions have been done based on a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that both the teachers and the students had positive attitudes towards teaching listening with films or TV programs. Most of them view this method as an effective way in ELT （English language teaching）, because it provides more opportunities for contextual practice, lower their anxiety; it can also help to motivate them, stimulate their active participation and increase their activities as well. Therefore, this method can be used to cultivate students＇ communicative competence. Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that this method has some advantages over teaching listening with the pre-taped materials in New College English. It may play an important role in ELT, especially in listening teaching. Based on the statistic analyses and the survey, some activities and techniques are provided for the teacher on how to teach listening with films or TV programs. The roles that an English teacher plays in this method are illustrated at the end of the thesis.
文摘Film, one of the carriers of culture, has a coverall function. As a medium of cultural transmission, it is a way to comprehend foreign cultures and customs. Therefore, the translation of subtitles becoraes a vital importance. The paper is intended to analysis main strategies for English film subtitle translation based on main principles, according to the method of analyzing the diversities of various cultures and real examples from movies. ＂translators are required to know well about different cultures and pay more attention to accumulation of usual experiences.
文摘As the exchange between Chinese and Western cultures gets increasingly frequent, the English films have already become an indispensable kind of cultural ＂product＂ in Chinese people＇s lives. In the pursuit of box office today, a good English film title translation can not only attract more attention, but also become an important standard to judge a film＇s value. However, the translation of English film title has not got enough attention at home or abroad, and good translations of English film titles are few and far between. Based on requirements of English film title translation, this paper discusses problems in English film title translation, into which this paper applies adaptation theory to solving existing problems.
文摘This paper analyzes the effect of rhetorical devices, such as irony, sarcasm, parody, hyperbole, pun, antonomasia, etc., in dialogues of the American TV series The Big Bang Theory （2007） with an aim to help improve English learners＇ awareness and appreciation of rhetorical means in English-based literary works. Instances are cited with the use of such rhetoric means in the dialogue transcriptions. It is discovered that integrated use of a variety of rhetorical devices is a significant means for vivid and impressive characterization in literature. Such an analysis is a rewarding journey on either an academic or entertainment basis, and a process of discovery and learning that may particularly be well-received with EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners
文摘Early in the 20th century, Lin Yutang proposed learning English by watching movies, and made a lot of reasons to do so.Contemporary college students are in contact with the flood of information and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent.On campus, it also surges wave of watching English movies, movies not only entertainment, but also can train and inspire students＇ interest and enthusiasm for learning English.Videos spoken dialogue is authentic, students can exercise listening, imitating wonderful dialogue to enhance their listening level, reduce hearing misunderstood.There is no doubt that English is the world＇ s most widely used language, learning English is the mission of every student.Only understand English, we can communicate with the world in English.In this paper, combined with the development status in college English listening teaching, and then explore the role of fihn in college English listening teaching.
文摘This research studies the motives that lead Arabic-speaking university students to watch television programs in English or dubbed in Arabic, and diagnoses the possible effects of these programs on these young people. A field study was conducted on a sample of viewers of the MBC2 and MBC4 Channels in the UAE. A questionnaire was used as a tool to cover a sample of the community comprised of 200 young people who attend various public and private universities in the UAE, aged generally between 18 and 30 years old. The applied study proves that there is no relationship between gender and audience preference, and that there is an independence of respondents＇ academic specialization and choice of channel. The study＇s results show that learning English is among the most important motives for the respondents to watch these programs and that 90% of respondents believe that watching foreign programs has negative effects on university youth.
文摘Nowadays, the e-mail exchange has been prevailing all over the world. Nevertheless, studies on power exercised and enacted in e-mail communication within a corporation can hardly be found at home. The present study, based on the theoretical framework of power＆ solidarity and politeness systems （Scollon,R and Scollon, S.W. 2000）, is made with an attempt to explore the power relations in e-mail exchange among staffof＂upper-lower＂ ranks within multinational corporations in China. The study shows that, in modern multinational corporations, power is an underlying force. To mask and mystify power, we need to resort to a range of linguistic strategies such as the use of relative modality, inclusive pronoun ＂we/our＂, the selection of informal words and the preferred FN （first names） forms of addressing.
基金financially supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0207301)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB848900)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21471141 and U1532135)the CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-SLH018)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team, the Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology (2016FXCX003)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts, the CAS Hundred Talent Program, Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1708085QB26)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (BH2060000034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060190064)
文摘The energy crisis and global warming become severe issues. Solar-driven CO2 reduction provides a promising route to confront the predicaments, which has received much attention. The photoelectrochemical（PEC） process,which can integrate the merits of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, boosts splendid talent for CO2 reduction with high efficiency and excellent selectivity. Recent several decades have witnessed the overwhelming development of PEC CO2 reduction. In this review, we attempt to systematically summarize the recent advanced design for PEC CO2 reduction. On account of basic principles and evaluation parameters, we firstly highlight the subtle construction for photocathodes to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction, which includes the strategies for improving light utilization, supplying catalytic active sites and steering reaction pathway.Furthermore, diversiform novel PEC setups are also outlined.These exploited setups endow a bright window to surmount the intrinsic disadvantages of photocathode, showing promising potentials for future applications. Finally, we underline the challenges and key factors for the further development of PEC CO2 reduction that would enable more efficient designs for setups and deepen systematic understanding for mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21403187)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (B2015203124)the Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University
文摘Organic lithium-ion batteries（OLIBs） represent a new generation of power storage approach for their environmental benignity and high theoretical specific capacities.However, it has the disadvantage with regard to the dissolution of active materials in organic electrolyte. In this study, we encapsulated high capacity material calix[4]quinone（C4Q） in the nanochannels of ordered mesoporous carbon（OMC）CMK-3 with various mass ratios ranging from 1：3 to 3：1, and then systematically investigated their morphology and electrochemical properties. The nanocomposites characterizations confirmed that C4Q is almost entirely capsulated in the nanosized pores of the CMK-3 while the mass ratio is less than2：1. As cathodes in lithium-ion batteries, the C4Q/CMK-3（1：2） nanocomposite exhibits optimal initial discharge capacity of 427 mA h g^（-1） with 58.7% cycling retention after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, the rate performance is also optimized with a capacity of 170.4 mA h g^（-1） at 1 C. This method paves a new way to apply organic cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (DP170102895)
文摘The utilization of Na2S/Na2SO3 mixture as the electrolyte solution to stabilize sulfide anode in a photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen evolution generally compromises the current-to-hydrogen efficiency（ηcurrent） of the system. Here, the employment of a dual-electrolyte system,that is, Na2S/Na2SO3 mixture and p H-neutral Na2SO4 as the respective electrolyte solutions in the anode and cathode chambers of a water splitting cell is demonstrated to suppress the photocorrosion of CuInS2-In2O3-TiO2 nanotube（CISIn2O3-TNT） heterostructure, while simultaneously boosts theηcurrent. Although n-type CIS and In2O3 nanoparticles can be easily formed on TNT array via facile pulse-assisted electrodeposition method, conformal deposition of the nanoparticles homogeneously on the nanotubes wall with preservation of the TNT hollow structure is shown to be essential for achieving efficient charge generation and separation within the heterostructure. In comparison to Na2S/Na2SO3 solution as the sole electrolyte in both the anode and cathode chambers, introduction of dual electrolyte is shown to not only enhance the photostability of the CIS-In2O3-TNT anode, but also lead to near-unity ηcurrentas opposed to the merely 20% ηcurrentof the single-electrolyte system.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council through its Discovery Project (DP)Federation Fellowship (FF) Program
文摘Photoelectorchemical（PEC） water splitting is an attractive approach for producing sustainable and environment-friendly hydrogen. An efficient PEC process is rooted in appropriate semiconductor materials, which should possess small bandgap to ensure wide light harvest, facile charge separation to allow the generated photocharges migrating to the reactive sites and highly catalytic capability to fully utilize the separated photocharges. Proper electrode fabrication method is of equal importance for promoting charge transfer and accelerating surface reactions in the electrodes. Moreover,powerful characterization method can shed light on the complex PEC process and provide deep understanding of the rate-determining step for us to improve the PEC systems further. Targeting on high solar conversion efficiency, here we provide a review on the development of PEC water splitting in the aspect of materials exploring, fabrication method and characterization. It is expected to provide some fundamental insight of PEC and inspire the design of more effective PEC systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61504076, 21574076, and U1510121)National Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (2015021129 and 2014011016-1)+1 种基金Fund of Fujian Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials (FJPFM-201502)Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan (MOST 106-2923-E-036-002-MY3 and MOST 106-2221-E-036-018)
文摘Nanocomposites of iron disulfide（FeS2） and molybdenum disulfide（MoS2） with nanosheets structure were successfully grown on the flexible titanium foils through a facile one-step hydrothermal process, and then worked as counter electrodes（CEs） in the dye-sensitized solar cells（DSSCs）. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer were employed to characterize the microstructure and composition of the FeS2/MoS2. Cyclic voltammogram reveals that the catalytic activity of FeS2/MoS2 CE is higher than that of FeS2, MoS2, and platinum（Pt） CEs towards triiodide/iodide（I3^–/I^–） redox electrolyte, owing to the superior carrier transfer properties of vertical array structure and abundant catalytic active sites of FeS2/MoS2 nanosheets.Moreover, the FeS2/MoS2 CE maintains its activity after 500 cycles, exhibiting excellent electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the power conversion efficiency（PCE） of FeS2/MoS2 CE reaches 8.67%, which is higher than that of the FeS2（7.20%）,MoS2（7.38%） and Pt（8.16%） CEs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11047108)the Program for Excellent Younger teachers in the universities in Henan Province of China,the Program for the Research Project of Basic and Frontier Technology of Henan Province(112300410183)the Program for Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation,and the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee(2011B140002,14A140016,14A430029 and 14B140003)
文摘The basic physical properties of La_2CuBiS_5 are studied by the first-principle calculations and the semiclassical Boltzmann theory.Charge density difference calculations show that electrons accumulate between Bi-S atoms,indicating considerable covalent bonding of Bi and S atoms.A similar charge density difference indicates that the Cu-S bonds also exhibit covalent character.The calculated minimum thermal conductivity of La_2CuBiS_5 is low,which is conducive to its use as a thermoelectric material.Owing to a bipolar effect,induced by thermal excitation,the material＇s Seebeck coefficient decreases sharply at T = 800 K.For the n-type and p-type doping conditions,the largest values of S^2σ/τ were calculated as-1.71×10^（11） and 1.837×10^（11） W K^（-2）ms^（-1）,respectively.The combination of a large dispersion and a high band degeneracy along the Γ-Y direction in the band structure simultaneously induces the highest S_y value and a high σ/τ_y value.Thus,the thermoelectric performance of La_2CuBiS_5 is anisotropic and most favorable along the y direction.
基金Project supported by the China Scholarship Council,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61673328,61673322,61402386,61305061,61203336,and 61273338)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.20720160126)the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2013CB329502)
文摘Electroencephalogram （EEG） based brain-computer interfaces allow users to communicate with the external environment by means of their EEG signals, without relying on the brain＇s usual output pathways such as muscles. A popular application for EEGs is the EEG-based speller, which translates EEG signals into intentions to spell particular words, thus benefiting those suffering from severe disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the EEG-based English speller （EEGES） has been widely studied in recent years, few studies have focused on the EEG-based Chinese speller （EEGCS）. The EEGCS is more difficult to develop than the EEGES, because the English alphabet contains only 26 letters. By contrast, Chinese contains more than 11000 logographic characters. The goal of this paper is to survey the literature on EEGCS systems. First, the taxonomy of current EEGCS systems is discussed to get the gist of the paper. Then, a common framework unifying the current EEGCS and EEGES systems is proposed, in which the concept of EEG-based choice acts as a core component. In addition, a variety of current EEGCS systems are investigated and discussed to highlight the advances, current problems, and future directions for EEGCS.
