对英美中三国政府预算制度的产生的对比研究

政府预算是政府财政的收支计划，是政府财政收支管理的一种方式或活动。本文从英国、美国和中国三个国家政府预算制度的发展历程入手，对比研究英美中三国政府预算制度产生的内在原因及导火索，探讨其存在的共性。

英美中三国政府预算制度产生的比较及对其功能的运用

政府预算是国家财政工作的中心内容之一，用于反映财政收支情况。从早期简单的记账估计和汇报开支需求，发展到现在作为财政的基本收支计划，在国家经济中起着举足轻重的作用。但是现代的政府预算在各国家是有所区别的。

伦敦奥运会美中英俄德韩日竞技实力变化研究

运用文献资料等方法对伦敦奥运会周期美中英俄德韩日等世界主要竞技体育强国竞技实力变化进行研究,研究认为:美国传统优势项目更强、夺金面更大、女子实力大幅增强;中国项目结构趋向优化、年龄结构优化、性别构成呈现男女均衡、集体球类项目整体水平与世界强队的差距拉大;英国夺金项目相对集中的状况改善、基础大项竞技实力进一步巩固、优势项群扩大;俄罗斯竞技体育发展相对平稳;韩国项目结构呈现多样化趋势;德国夺金点、夺牌面变窄;日本整体实力提升。

中美英三国三军军衔英译对比

在各国政治、经济、军事、文化的交流中,我们总会遇到需要从各自文化语言中找到相对应的称谓的情况。在这种情况下,我们就需要对其相应称谓进行对比研究,以求找到其相似性和不同之处,以便找出一定的翻译规律。能找到对应的称谓是最好,找不到的我们就应该想办法创造出相对应的,这样才能达到更好地交流的目的。

Study on the formation factors of China＇s negative image under the perspective of contemporary British and American media and the countermeasures

Against globalization, national image has become important strategic resource and a clear understanding of China＇s image in western countries is greatly beneficial to China＇s development and rise. This paper through studying China＇s image in contemporary British and American academia and press probes into the negative image, analysing the background and reason of its formation to give inspiration for the construction of national image under globalization.

The relationship between depth of vocabulary knowledge and Iranian EFL learners＇ lexical inferencing strategy use and success

This study was an attempt to examine the relationship between Iranian EFL （English as Foreign Language） learners＇ depth of vocabulary knowledge and their lexical inferencing strategy use and success. The participants in this study were 32 intermediate senior students of Shiraz Azad University majoring in English translation. The Word Associates Test （WAT） （Read, 1993） was used to measure their depth of vocabulary knowledge and lexical inferencing strategy questionnaire which was part of Schmitt （1997）, vocabulary learning strategies as well as a reading passage （Haastrup, 1999）, cited in Nassaji （2004）, were used to determine their lexical inferencing strategy use and success. Results indicate that： （1） Those who have stronger depth of vocabulary knowledge use certain strategies more frequently than those who have weaker depth of vocabulary knowledge; （2） The students with stronger depth of vocabulary knowledge make more effective use of certain types of lexical inferencing strategies. These findings support the importance of depth dimension of vocabulary knowledge and the role it plays in guessing the meaning of unknown words.

The application of integrated literature instruction in freshman English teaching

This paper explores the benefits of using literature to improve freshmen＇s language skills in English. Teaching strategies of literature instruction encouraged peer collaboration and constructing meaning with other students prior to class, in class and after class. Various activities, such as group discussion on guided questions, presentation of reading diary and peer correction of reflection poems were applied to enhance students＇ learning interests. Four intact advanced-level classes of 162 freshmen participated in the study. They answered a questionnaire and took an English proficiency pre/post test. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffe post-Hoc test, independent t-test and a paired t-test were used to analyze data. Results showed literature instruction effectively promoted students＇ English skills and their awareness of cultural differences. Watching the adaptation of the novel on DVD before they read the book helped students＇ comprehension. Finally, there was a significant improvement in both students＇ reading and listening exam grades. Future studies may consider looking for participants from different levels of English proficiency and extending the instruction time from one semester to two semesters.

Several pragmatic techniques for harmony of English teaching

A few problems affecting harmonious English teaching exist in both linguistic and non-linguistic aspects at present. Several pragmatic techniques, including individuality, flexibility, the concept of ＂One for all, and all for one＂ are suggested on a trial basis in this paper.

Cultural constraints on translators＇ selection of translation strategies

This article interprets why domestication and those translation techniques as addition, deletion and shift are widely adopted by most translators in modem China and how the target socio-cultural factors at the time constrain the translators＇ selection of strategies in literary translation.

An overview of the research on lexical knowledge in China

This paper serves as a comprehensive guide to the recent work on lexical knowledge in China from the year of 2000 to 2009. It covers the two conventional dimensions of vocabulary knowledge： The breadth and depth. The recent wok on the breadth of vocabulary knowledge extends beyond the old fashion of rigid word counting of learners at various proficiency levels. Meanwhile, multi-dimensional study is also witnessed when it comes to the research into the depth of lexical knoweldge, the developmental and dimensional perspective, along with psycholinguistic account of the incremental nature of the acquisition process.

Analysis of listening strategies employed by college students of science and technology

Based upon the theoretical studies of learning strategies and listening comprehension, an investigation of listening strategies employed by college students of science and technology is conducted to find out the general features of their choices of listening strategies and to reveal the differences in the use of such strategies between effective listeners and less effective ones. The authors hope that this paper may be helpful for the teaching and learning of listening skills.

An investigation into the speechlessness of Chinese native culture in Chinese EFL learners＇ intercultural communication in English

Based on a survey of intercultural competence in intercultural communication in English, this paper discusses the speechlessness of Chinese native culture in Chinese EFL learners＇ English intercultural communication, its effects as well as its pedagogical implications for English learning ＆ teaching in Chinese EFL context.

On thematic structure of a popular on-line English poem

Thematic structure and information structure are two important closely-related systems in textual function. By analyzing the thematic structure of a popular on-line English poem, this paper attempts to reveal how theme and rheme is arranged to carry new information forward to achieve its textual function.

The application of conceptual fluency to English teaching

The term of ＂conceptual fluency＂ put forward by Danesi offers a fresh perspective to look at the current disturbing situation that confronts college English teaching in China. This paper propounds its theoretical basis by reflecting on the philosophical and linguistic trends in modern era, and points out the defects of Danesi＇s theory, insisting that conceptual fluency should be built on both the lexical and grammatical levels. It then exemplifies the implementation of the theory in actual teaching practice.

Exploration of teaching English to Korean-Chinese bilinguals

Since Korean ethnics in China learn English on the basis of two languages and two cultures, there is dual transfer of Korean-Chinese when they learn English. They can make good use of two language systems and dual positive transfer, and make English-Korean and English-Chinese comparative analysis in the basic stages of English learning.

Analysis of students＇ problems in writing with reference to theory of cohesion and Error Analysis

This paper is to advocate the necessity of Error Analysis （EA） and cohesion in college English writing teaching. By analyzing the causes of the cohesive errors, the paper wishes to catch the attention of readers to the benefits EA brings to writing teaching and the seriousness of the problems concerning cohesion in writing, and hopes that these implications for college English writing teaching would be of great significance.

Evaluating genre-based teaching approach in writing class with Beaugrande and Dressler＇s theories on text linguistics

Based on the theories on the text linguistics proposed by Beaugrande and Dressier, the paper points out that though we recognize the merits that genre-based approach deserves, it is unwise to take genre analysis as the central activity in ESL writing class. Instead, we should not give learners fish to eat, but to teach them how to fish.

A study on English teachers＇ questioning strategies in Western country

Classroom questioning is one of the main means for classroom interaction which plays a very important role in classroom teaching. Therefore, based on the observation of four different level English classes in the UK and interview of English teachers, this thesis investigates the types, functions and answer-seeking strategies used by EFL teachers.

Analysis on intercultural communication in translation teaching： Cultural context and translation

This paper focuses on seven aspects, which may embody one nation＇s cultural traits, such as customs, historic stories, philosophies and religions, literature and arts, historic sites and cultural relics, education and technology, and politics and economy to exemplify the important role of intercultural connotation in translation.

Cultural materialism behind global cultural diffusion process

In this paper, the author intends to illustrate cultural materialism behind cultural diffusion process. The author first argues that despite the two opposing paradigms of cultural views （differentialism vs. universalism） what is really happening and winning is the third paradigm of mixing cultural perspective as presented in Jan Nederveen Pieterse＇s book Globalization and culture-global Mdlange. Then the author takes Marvin Harris＇ cultural materialism theory as the basis and gives specific evidence from China to illustrate the formation and eventual spread of any ＂new cultural scripts＂, which is done through the transformation process from territorial culture to translocal culture with economic motive behind as the driving force. These Chinese cases of global mixing, in turn, form a further support to Marvin Harris＇s cultural materialism theory.